CHAPTER V
| 1444. | July 22. | Federigo accepted as successor of Duke Oddantonio in Urbino | 85 |
| ” | Conditions imposed by the people | 86 | |
| ” | The state of Central Italy | 87 | |
| ” | Contemporary sketch of Federigo | 88 | |
| ” | Spite of Sigismondo Pandolfo | 89 | |
| ” | Sale of Pesaro and Fossombrone | 90 | |
| 1445. | March 16. | Marriage of Alessandro Sforza, who becomes Lord of Pesaro | 91 |
| ” | Mistakes of Sismondi | 91 | |
| ” | Francesco Sforza's breach with Filippo Maria Visconti and Sigismondo Malatesta | 91 | |
| ” | June 22. | He is supported by Federigo, and visits Urbino | 92 |
| 1446. | His position at La Marca, which he loses | 92 | |
| ” | April. | Federigo excommunicated by Eugenius for adhering to Sforza | 93 |
| ” | The fortune of war changes | 93 | |
| 1447. | Sforza is reconciled with the Duke of Milan | 94 | |
| ” | Sept. 3. | Sigismondo attacks Fossombrone | 95 |
| ” | Feb. 23. | Death and character of Eugenius IV. | 95 |
| ” | Death of the Duke of Milan | 96 | |
| 1450. | Succeeded by Francesco Sforza | 97 | |
| 1447. | Designs of Alfonso of Naples upon Tuscany | 97 | |
| 1448. | March. | Opposed by Federigo for the Florentines | 98 |
| ” | Sigismondo tricks Alfonso, and attacks Fossombrone | 98 | |
| ” | Sept. | Alfonso and Federigo return home | 99 |
| 1449. | Sigismondo attempts to dupe Federigo, but is foiled | 99 | |
| 1450. | Federigo made Captain-general by the Duke of Milan | 100 | |
| ” | June 29. | Peace between Naples and Florence | 100 |
| ” | Loses his eye in a tournament | 101 |
CHAPTER VI
| 1450. | The peace of Italy threatened by new combinations | 102 | |
| ” | Federigo quits the service of Milan for that of Naples | 103 | |
| ” | The King employs him without exacting sureties | 103 | |
| 1451. | The Emperor Frederick III. comes to Italy, and is crowned at Rome | 103 | |
| 1452. | The Neapolitan campaign in Tuscany under Federigo and the Duke of Calabria | 103 | |
| 1452-1453. | Federigo goes to Naples, and returns in the spring | 104 | |
| 1453. | Attacked by malaria fever | 104 | |
| ” | July 26. | His letter to the Priors of Siena | 104 |
| ” | Uninteresting conclusion of the war | 105 | |
| ” | May 29. | Fall of the Greek empire, and taking of Constantinople | 106 |
| 1454. | Efforts of Nicholas V. for a general league against the Turks | 107 | |
| ” | April 9. | The peace of Lodi | 107 |
| 1455. | Mar. 24. | The death and character of Nicholas V. | 107 |
| 1454. | Federigo's friendly visit to the King of Naples | 108 | |
| 1455. | Jan. 26. | The King ratifies the league with an unfortunate reservation | 109 |
| 1457. | Federigo takes measures for humbling Sigismondo | 109 | |
| ” | April. | Visits Florence, Bologna, Milan, and Mantua | 109 |
| ” | His fruitless interview with Sigismondo at Modena | 110 | |
| ” | June. | He goes to Naples for assistance; many intrigues there | 110 |
| ” | Death of his Countess Gentile | 111 | |
| ” | Nov. 7. | Asks a mortar-founder from Siena | 111 |
| ” | He attacks Sigismondo | 112 | |
| 1458. | May 2. | His despatch to the Priors of Siena | 112 |
| ” | July 1. | Death of Alfonso of Naples | 113 |
| ” | Aug. 6. | Death of Calixtus III. | 113 |
| ” | Ambitious intrigues of Giacomo Piccinino, who seizes on part of the ecclesiastical territory | 114 | |
| ” | Federigo continued as Captain-general by Ferdinand of Naples | 115 | |
| ” | New disputes for the crown of Naples | 115 | |
| 1459. | May 27. | Pius II. summons a European congress at Mantua | 116 |
| ” | His mediation between Malatesta and the Count of Urbino | 116 | |
| ” | June 21. | His letter to Federigo | 117 |
| ” | His award in favour of Federigo | 119 |
CHAPTER VII
| Federigo's domestic life | 120 | ||
| 1454. | His sons Buonconte and Antonio legitimated | 120 | |
| 1458. | Oct. | Buonconte dies at Naples of plague | 120 |
| ” | Death of another son, Bernardino | 120 | |
| 1459. | Count Federigo's marriage to Battista Sforza proposed | 121 | |
| ” | Errors of Sismondi regarding her (note) | 121 | |
| ” | Her education and accomplishments | 121 | |
| ” | Nov. | Her betrothal at Pesaro | 122 |
| 1460. | Feb. 10. | Her marriage celebrated at Urbino | 122 |
| ” | Giovanni Sanzi's description of her | 122 | |
| 1459. | New wars in Italy interrupt the long-proposed Turkish crusade | 123 | |
| ” | Unpopularity of Ferdinand of Naples | 123 | |
| ” | State of the Angevine claimants to that crown | 123 | |
| 1458. | May 11. | Jean Duke of Calabria made Seigneur of Genoa | 123 |
| 1459. | Supported in his designs upon Naples by France, Genoa, and Florence | 124 | |
| ” | Opposed by Pius II. and the Duke of Milan, who adhere to the Italian league | 124 | |
| ” | Oct. 4. | The Duke of Calabria sails from Genoa to invade Naples | 124 |
| 1460. | Venice and Florence become neutral | 124 | |
| ” | Giacopo Piccinino deserts to the Angevines | 125 | |
| ” | Mar. 30. | Evades Federigo and reaches the Abruzzi | 125 |
| ” | April. | The confederates follow him thither | 125 |
| ” | July 7. | Ferdinand is beaten at Sarno | 125 |
| ” | Armies of the League and of Piccinino meet at San Fabbiano | 126 | |
| ” | Tournament before the battle | 126 | |
| ” | Accident to the Count of Urbino | 126 | |
| ” | July 22. | Battle of San Fabbiano | 127 |
| ” | ”” | Mistakes as to the date of it (note) | 127 |
| ” | Aug. 2. | The confederates retreat | 128 |
| ” | Anecdote of Count Federigo | 129 | |
| ” | Ferdinand saved by his Queen's intercession | 130 | |
| ” | Count Federigo re-engaged by Pius II. | 130 | |
| ” | Oct. | Rome threatened by Piccinino | 130 |
| ” | Dec. | Count Federigo goes to Rome for Christmas | 131 |
| 1461. | Sigismondo Malatesta put on trial | 131 | |
| 1462. | Apr. 14. | Burned and excommunicated | 132 |
| 1461. | June. | Count Federigo crosses the Apennines | 132 |
| ” | July. | His conversation with Pius II. on ancient history | 133 |
| ” | Oct. | He reduces Aquila and Sora | 133 |
| ” | ” | Is complimented by Pius II. | 134 |
| 1461-1462. | Visits Rome and Naples | 134 | |
| 1461. | Mar. | Angevine prepossessions of the Genoese changed by a revolution | 135 |
| ” | July 17. | Total defeat of King René there | 135 |
| ” | George Scanderbeg supports Ferdinand | 135 | |
| 1462. | Sigismondo Malatesta's force augmented | 135 | |
| ” | Aug. | Count Federigo hurries into La Marca to meet him | 136 |
| ” | ” 12. | Overthrows him at the Cesano, near Sinigaglia | 137 |
| ” | ”” | Rejects his offers of friendship | 137 |
| ” | Oct. 6. | His conduct approved by Pius II. | 138 |
| ” | Nov. 3. | Made lieutenant-general of the ecclesiastical forces | 139 |
| ” | Sept. 20. | Mondavio capitulates to him; the miseries of war | 139 |
| ” | Oct. 22 | Giovanni Malatesta taken prisoner at Montefiori, and liberated by him | 140 |
| ” | ” 31. | He obtains Verucchio by a dishonourable trick, and winters there | 140 |
| ” | Aug. 18. | Piccinino defeated at Troia | 141 |
| ” | Sept. 13. | The Prince of Tarento deserts the Angevines | 141 |
| 1463. | Aug. | Piccinino follows his example | 141 |
| 1464. | The Duke of Calabria finally quits Italy | 141 | |
| 1463. | July. | Fano besieged by Count Federigo | 142 |
| ” | Sept. 28. | It is surrendered by Roberto Malatesta | 143 |
| ” | ”” | His generosity to Sigismondo's family | 143 |
| ” | ”” | The satisfaction of Pius | 143 |
| ” | Oct. 5-25. | Sinigaglia and Gradara surrender to Federigo | 144 |
| ” | ” | Venice mediates in behalf of Sigismondo | 144 |
| ” | ” | He humbles himself to the Pope, and is absolved | 145 |
| ” | Nov. 1. | Peace with the Malatesta, giving the Count an accession of territory | 146 |
CHAPTER VIII
| 1463-1464. | The home administration of Federigo | 147 | |
| ”” | Scantily illustrated by his biographers | 147 | |
| ”” | His court and establishment | 150 | |
| ”” | Its hospitalities | 152 | |
| 1454. | A new palace begun at Urbino | 154 | |
| 1463-1464. | Its appearance | 154 | |
| ”” | Designed by Luziano Lauranna | 155 | |
| ”” | Federigo's patent in his favour | 156 | |
| ”” | And continued by Baccio Pontelli | 157 | |
| ”” | Who makes a plan of it for Lorenzo de' Medici | 157 | |
| ”” | Fallacy regarding Francesco di Giorgio | 158 | |
| ”” | His frieze of trophies and pompous inscription | 158 | |
| ”” | Description of the palace, and view from it | 159 | |
| ”” | Its decorations in stone and intarsia | 160 | |
| ”” | Fallacy as to its museum of art | 161 | |
| ”” | The saloons for books and manuscripts | 162 | |
| ”” | State of bibliography at this period | 163 | |
| ”” | Federigo a collector of manuscripts | 164 | |
| ”” | Attested by Sanzi and Vespasiano | 164 | |
| ”” | Regulations of his library | 167 | |
| ”” | Notice of its librarians | 168 | |
| ”” | Its extent and cost | 168 | |
| ”” | The stable-range built by Francesco di Giorgio | 169 | |
| ”” | Cost of the palace | 170 | |
| ”” | Anecdote of its foundation | 170 | |
| ”” | Churches founded by Federigo | 171 | |
| ”” | Description of his palace at Gubbio | 171 | |
| ”” | His other residences | 174 | |
| ”” | The extent and resources of his state | 175 |
CHAPTER IX
| 1464. | Aug. | The projected crusade abandoned | 177 |
| ” | ” 14. | Death of Pius II.; succeeded by Paul II. | 177 |
| ” | ” | Sanzi's lines on his death | 178 |
| ” | Sept. 28. | Count Federigo made Gonfaloniere of the Church | 179 |
| ” | ” | Explanation of that title (note) | 179 |
| ” | Oct. 24. | Returns to Urbino after visiting Naples | 179 |
| 1465. | July. | His expedition against Anguillera | 179 |
| ” | Nov. 20. | Death of Malatesta Novello of Cesena | 180 |
| 1466. | Jan. | His state annexed to the Church by Count Federigo | 180 |
| ” | Mar. 8. | Death of Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan | 180 |
| ” | ” | Count Federigo goes to Milan | 181 |
| ” | June 6. | Is reappointed captain-general by Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza | 181 |
| ” | ” | Returns home | 181 |
| ” | The protracted tranquillity and glory of Italy | 182 | |
| 1465. | July 12. | Murder of Giacomo Piccinino at Naples | 183 |
| 1464. | Aug. 1. | Death of Cosimo de' Medici, Pater patriæ | 184 |
| 1464-1466. | State of parties in Florence | 184 | |
| 1466-1467. | The exiles engage Colleoni to invade Tuscany | 185 | |
| 1467. | May 15. | Federigo's honourable condotta by the League | 185 |
| ” | July 25. | Battle of La Molinella in the Bolognese, where field artillery was first used | 187 |
| ” | ” | Giovanni della Rovere distinguishes himself | 187 |
| 1468. | Federigo visits the Duke of Milan | 190 | |
| ” | June. | Sent by him to meet his bride at Genoa | 190 |
| ” | July. | Returns home | 190 |
| ” | Sept. | Recalled to Milan | 190 |
| ” | Oct. | Presented by him with a palace in that city | 190 |
| ” | Nov. | Reduces Brisella | 190 |
| 1469. | Jan. | Commissioned by him to wait upon the Emperor | 190 |
| ” | March 1. | Returns home | 190 |
| 1468. | Oct. 9. | Death of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta | 191 |
| ” | His character and tastes | 191 | |
| ” | His service in the Morea | 194 | |
| ” | Pretensions of his son Roberto on Rimini | 195 | |
| ” | The Pontiff outwitted by him | 195 | |
| 1469. | Rimini besieged by Alessandro Sforza | 196 | |
| ” | Aug. 30. | Great victory of Federigo near Rimini | 199 |
| ” | ” | His generosity | 200 |
| ” | Nov. | Roberto regains his father's state | 201 |
| 1470. | Federigo in high favour with Galeazzo Maria | 200 | |
| ” | Rupture of the League from foolish jealousies | 200 | |
| 1469. | Dec. 3. | Death of Pietro de' Medici | 201 |
| 1470. | Dec. 22. | The League renewed | 201 |
| ” | July 7. | Federigo's letters to the Signory of Siena | 201 |
| 1471. | ” 28. | Death of Paul II. | 202 |
| ” | Roberto Malatesta invested with Rimini | 203 | |
| 1472. | Mar. 28. | Marries Princess Elisabetta of Urbino | 203 |
| ” | April. | Note as to his title of Magnificent | 203 |
| 1471. | Federigo attends the coronation of Sixtus IV. | 203 | |
| ” | Entertains the Persian envoys at Urbino | 204 | |
| 1472. | Entertains Cardinal Pietro Riario at Gubbio | 205 |
CHAPTER X
| 1472. | Jan. 24. | His son Guidobaldo born at Gubbio | 207 |
| ” | June 18. | Captures Volterra; its sack | 211 |
| ” | ” | Misstatements regarding his great MS. Hebrew Bible | 212 |
| ” | ” | His triumphant welcome at Florence | 212 |
| ” | ” | His fortunate position | 213 |
| ” | July 6. | The death of his Countess Battista | 214 |
| ” | ” | His letters on that event | 214 |
| ” | ” | Notice of her life and character | 216 |
| ” | ” | Her portrait | 218 |
| ” | Aug. 17. | Her obsequies | 219 |
| 1472-1474. | Federigo at home | 219 | |
| 1474. | Aug. 20. | He goes to Rome | 220 |
| ” | ” 21. | Is invested with the ducal dignity | 220 |
| ” | ”” | And is made Gonfaloniere of the Church | 221 |
| ” | ” | Obtains the Golden Rose | 221 |
| ” | ” | The marriage of his daughters Giovanna and Agnesina | 222 |
| ” | Sept. 11. | Is invested with the order of the Ermine at Naples | 223 |
| ” | ” | And with that of the Garter at Grottoferrata | 224 |
| ” | Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere sent against Città di Castello | 225 | |
| ” | Nov. 2. | A new league | 225 |
| ” | Federigo's patronage of learned men | 225 | |
| 1475. | Books dedicated to him | 227 | |
| ” | Curious letter to him from the Priors of Arezzo | 228 | |
| ” | Testimony of Vespasiano | 231 | |
| ” | And of Giovanni Sanzi | 231 |
CHAPTER XI
| 1476. | Dec. 26. | Assassination of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza | 234 |
| ” | His character by Sanzi | 235 | |
| 1477. | Jan. | Federigo prepares to march upon Milan, but attacks Montone | 236 |
| 1473. | Count Girolamo Riario invested with Forlì and Imola | 236 | |
| ” | He is betrothed to Caterina Sforza | 236 | |
| ” | Her education and character | 237 | |
| 1477. | Their marriage | 237 | |
| ” | The friendship of Sixtus for Lorenzo de' Medici soon interrupted | 237 | |
| ” | Revolutions in Florence usually sprang from family feuds | 239 | |
| ” | Origin of the Pazzi conspiracy | 239 | |
| 1478. | April 26. | It explodes; Giuliano assassinated | 240 |
| ” | Italian conspiracies and politics | 241 | |
| ” | The Pope is compromised | 242 | |
| ” | Lorenzo appeals to his fellow citizens | 243 | |
| ” | The parties to a new war in Tuscany | 243 | |
| ” | The Duke's letter to an astrologer | 244 | |
| ” | The campaign narrated by Federigo | 245 | |
| ” | He breaks his leg | 247 | |
| ” | Dec. 23. | He goes to the baths of Petriolo | 247 |
| 1479. | May 23. | He leaves Petriolo | 247 |
| ” | Defection of Roberto Malatesta | 247 | |
| ” | The Florentines successful at Thrasimene, but worsted in the Val d'Elsa | 247 | |
| ” | Nov. 12. | Colle surrenders | 248 |
| ” | ” | Its siege painted on a bicherna (note) | 248 |
| ” | State of the Italian artillery | 248 | |
| ” | Notices of it by Duke Federigo | 249 | |
| ” | Nov. 20. | He goes to Siena and receives a donative | 251 |
| ” | ” 27. | A truce for three months | 251 |
| ” | The unfortunate position of Florence, and disorganisation of its army | 251 | |
| ” | Dec. 6. | Lorenzo de' Medici goes to Naples to negotiate a treaty | 252 |
| 1480. | Mar. 25. | Peace proclaimed | 252 |
| ” | Dec. | Humiliation of the Florentines before Sixtus | 253 |
| 1479-1480. | Intrigues of the Duke of Calabria at Siena | 253 | |
| ”” | Federigo winters at the baths of Viterbo | 253 | |
| ”” | He receives the Sword and Hat | 253 | |
| 1480. | May 19. | His letter to the magistrates at Siena | 254 |
| ” | He returns home | 254 | |
| ” | Count Girolamo takes possession of Forlì | 254 | |
| ” | Description of his Countess | 255 | |
| 1474-1479. | Progress of the Turks in Europe | 256 | |
| 1480. | Aug. 11. | They take Otranto by concert with the Venetians | 257 |
| ” | Consequent panic in Italy, and new combinations of its powers | 257 | |
| ” | Federigo summoned by Ferdinand, but detained by Sixtus | 257 | |
| 1481. | May 3. | Death of Sultan Mahomet | 257 |
| ” | Aug. 10. | Otranto recovered from the Turks | 257 |