A wide-ranging historical survey explains how limb-based units such as the cubit, span, palm, and digit developed into formal systems of length, weight, and capacity. It examines Egyptian standards tied to meridian measurements and their adoption by Greek and Roman practice. The book traces how weights led to linear measures and follows the evolution of English yards, feet, miles, land-measures, commercial weights, and measures of capacity. It discusses mint-pounds, the relation of volume to mass and temperature, and regional variations across Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and several colonies, showing how practical standards adapted to local custom and scientific needs.