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Mendelism / Third Edition

Chapter 24: Notes
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About This Book

A clear, accessible account of Mendelian heredity and later experimental work, outlining core principles such as segregation, dominance, interaction of factors, coupling and repulsion, sex-linked inheritance, intermediates, and reversion. The author illustrates these patterns with examples and diagrams drawn from plants and animals — peas, sweet peas, fowls, rabbits, butterflies, sheep — and from human pedigrees, translating observations into genetic schemes. Chapters examine variation, evolutionary implications, practical breeding problems, and the biological basis relevant to eugenic ideas, aiming to show how experimental methods reveal lawful patterns in inheritance.

Abraxas grossulariata, 99

"Acquired" characters, 14

Adaptation, 143

Agouti mice, 50

Albino mice, 50

Albinos, nature of, 53

Amauris, 144

Analysis of types, 156

Ancestral Heredity, Law of, 13

Andalusian fowls, 70

Axil colour in sweet peas, 93

Bateson, W., 14, 29, 55, 116, 132, 141

Biffen, R. H., 157

Blue Andalusian fowls, 71

Brachydactyly, 171

Bryony, 120

Bush sweet peas, 63

Castle, 132

Cattle, horns in, 86, 166

Colour, nature of, in flowers, 48

Colour-blindness, 117

Combs of fowls, 33, 43

Correns, C., 29, 120

Coupling of characters in gametes, 93

Cuénot, 50, 119

"Cupid" sweet peas, 62

Currant moth, 99

Darwin, C., 10, 65, 147, 163

De Vries, H., 15, 29, 141

Discontinuity in variation, 14

Dominant characters, 18

Doncaster, L., 99

Drinkwater, H., 172

Dutch rabbits, 60

Eggs, 2

Environment, influence of, 137

Euralia, 144

Evolution, 10, 85, 139

Eye, in primulas, 55

Eye-colour, in man, 176

Factor, definition of, 31

Factors, interaction of, 42

Fertilisation, 3

Fertilisation, self- and cross-, 163

Fixation of varieties, 153

Fluctuations, 138

Fowls, coloured from whites, 49, 73

Galton, 13, 179

Gametes, nature of, 6

Gregory, R. P., 55, 93

Hæmophilia, 176

Hardy, G. H., 147

Heterozygote, definition of, 28

Heterozygote, of intermediate form, 68

Hieracium, 27, 132

Himalayan rabbits, 60

Homostyle primulas, 56

Homozygote, definition of, 28

Hooded sweet peas, 89

Horses, bay and chestnut in, 167

Hurst, C. C., 62, 176, 180

Immunity in wheat, 158

Individuality, 135

Inhibition, factors for, 74, 108

Intermediates, 125

Johannsen, W., 160

Lop-eared rabbits, 132

Mendel, 8, 17, 26, 132

Mental characters, 180

Mice, inheritance of coat colour in, 50

Mimicry, 143

Mirabilis, 151

Morgan, T. H., 116

Mulattos, 129

Mutation, 83, 138

Nägeli, C., 26

Natural selection, 11, 140, 142, 149

Nettleship, E., 175

Night-blindness, 175

Pararge egeria, 132

Parkinson, J., 122

Pea comb, 33

Peas, coloured flowers in, 24

Peas, tall and dwarf, 18

Pigeons, 86

Pin-eye in primulas, 55

Pisum, 17

Primulas, 31, 55, 68, 93

Pollen, 3

Pollen of sweet peas, 92

Pomace fly, 115

Population, inheritance of characters in a, 147

Presence and Absence theory, 35

Pure lines, 162

Purity of gametes, 24

Purity of type, 155

Rabbits, 53, 60

Ratios, Mendelian—

3 : 1, 20

9 : 3 : 3 : 1, 25, 34

9 : 3 : 4, 51

9 : 7, 49

Ray, John, 143

Recessive characters, 19

Repulsion between factors, 90

Reversion, 59, 165

in rabbits, 59

in sweet peas, 62

in fowls, 65

in pigeons, 65

Rose comb, 33

Saunders, E. R., 54, 122

Seeds, nature of, 4

Segregation, 22

Selection, 162

Sheep, horns in, 76

Silky fowls, 30, 105

Single comb, 32

Species, nature of, 150

Species, origin of, 11

Speckled wood butterfly, 132

Spermatozoa, 3

Sports, 147

Staples-Browne, R., 66

Sterility, 151

Sterility in sweet peas, 93

Stocks, double, 122

Stocks, hoariness in, 54

Sweet pea, colour in, 44, 79

history of, 82

inheritance of hood in, 89

inheritance of size in, 62

Telegony, 167

Thrum-eye in primulas, 55

Toe, extra toe in poultry, 76

Tschermak, E., 29

Unit-character, definition of, 31

Variation, 14, 137, 139

Walnut comb, 33

Weismann, A., 13

Wheat, beard in, 74

experiments with, 157

White, dominant in poultry, 72

Wilson, J., 168

Yellow mice, 119

Zygotes, nature of, 5


Notes


[1] Cf. note on p. 171.

[2] It has been found convenient to denote the various generations resulting from a cross by the signs F1, F2, F3, etc. F1 on this system denotes the first filial generation, F2 the second filial generation produced by two parents belonging to the F1 generation, and so on.

[3] Hurst's original cross was between a Belgian hare and an albina Angora, which turned out to be a masked Dutch.

[4] The Spot is an almost white bird, the colour being confined to the tail and the characteristic spot on the head.

[5] The reader who searches florists' catalogues for these varieties will probably experience disappointment. The sweet pea has been much "improved" in the past few years, and it is unlikely that the modern seedsman would list such unfashionable forms.

[6] It is to be understood that wherever a given factor is present the plant may be homozygous or heterozygous for it without alteration in its colour.

[7] It should be mentioned that as the shape of the pollen coat, like that of the seed coat, is a maternal character, all the grains of any given plant are either long or else round. The two kinds do not occur together on the same plant.

[8] For the most recent discussion of this peculiar case the reader is referred to Professor Castle's paper in Science, December 16, 1910.

[9] Paradisus Terrestris, London, 1629, p. 261.