Methods & Aims in Archaeology

INDEX

• Ab-nub-mes-uazet-user statuette, 158
• Abusir lotus capital, 163
• Abydos, Osireion, chain clearing, frontispiece
• „ temple, black pottery, 166
• „ „ copper figure, 166
• „ „ excavation of, 173
• Account keeping, 35–37
• Accumulations of town, rate of, 9, 11
• Accuracy in levelling, 59
• „ „ observing, 50
• „ „ recording, 49–50
• Accusations against workmen, 40
• Adjustment of stuff in moving, 42
• „ „ vase-fragments, 70–71
• Advances of money, 35
• Adzes, dating of, 14
• Aegean pottery, 145–170
• Age of objects in plate-heading, 115
• „ „ towns, 11
• Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV), 147, 148, 152, 154, 155
• Alignment of drawings, 115
• Amateur digging, 1, 3, 48, 179, 180
• Amenhotep II, 148
• „ III, 139, 145, 148, 152, 153–155
• „ IV (Akhenaten), 147, 148, 152, 154, 155
• America, possible saving of history by, 134
• Amphora, Cretan, 166
• Ancient civilisations, 191–192
• Angles, calculation of, 57, 58
• „ of vases measured, 71, 103
• Antiquities, exportation of, 184
• „ exposure of, 172
• „ nationalisation of, 185
• „ preservation of, 85–104
• „ sale of, 187
• „ securing of, 33
• „ smuggling of, 184
• „ thrown away, 132
• Approaches to site of work, 28
• Arabic, necessity for, 6
• Archaeological duties, 177–178
• „ evidence, 136–168
• „ experience, 3, 4, 14
• „ responsibilities, 170, 178
• Archaeology, classical, 2
• „ conditions of progress, 130
• „ hindered by present museums, 130
• „ mistakes in, 139–140
• „ narrow definition of, 2
• „ progress depends on space, 133
• „ systematic, 122–135
• Architecture, photographing of, 74, 75, 78
• Arrangement of objects, 79
• „ „ plates, 114–117
• „ „ text, 119–120
• „ „ work, 41–47
• „ with publishers, 120
• Athenaeus confirmed, 143
• Author’s alterations, 120–121
• Autotypes, 119
• Awls, 113
• Azab, wooden floor of, 77
• Backgrounds for photography, 79
• Backing of frescoes, 96–98
• Bakhshish, 33–35, 188
• „ accounts, 35
• Banking accounts of men, 35
• Barrels for soaking stones, 86
• Bases of vases drawn, 70–71
• „ „ „ sorted, 103
• Basket-boys, and picks, 31–32
• Baskets, 33, 44–45
• Beads, 14, 15
• „ pattern of, 52, 95, 96
• „ position of, 52, 95
• „ seldom of mixed ages, 150
• Bead-work, 95
• Beeswax, 66, 67, 71, 80, 90, 95, 102
• Bell, 113
• Benzol, 92
• „ wax in, 91
• Black incised ware, 160–162, 163–164, 167
• „ velvet for backgrounds, 79
• Blank sheets in spacing drawings, 63
• Block-tints for vases, 70
• Blocks returned after use, 121
• „ zinc, 68
• Blotting-paper, 89
• Boats, prehistoric, 167
• Bone point, 98
• Bones, cleaning of, 76
• „ marking, 51
• „ preserving, 90
• Bonsor, discoveries in Spain, 159–160
• Book-post for drawings, 64
• „ seller, 121
• Bosnia, black incised ware, 161, 162, 167
• Boxes, grain of wood in, 110
• „ making of, 109–111
• „ nailing of, 110
• „ nests of, 109, 113
• „ with bars, 106
• Box-sextant, 55–56, 113
• Boys, ages of, 20–21
• „ chain of, 44, front.
• „ collecting, 44
• „ in work, 24
• „ throwing, 44
• „ use of, 32
• Brace and bits, 113
• Bracelet of Zer, 80
• Brass, treatment of, 100
• Brick, burnt, 10
• „ mounds, 10
• „ walls, tracing of, 46–47
• „ -work, 9
• Bricks, age of, 47
• „ colour of, 46
• „ size of, 47, 52
• Brims of vases drawn, 70–71
• „ „ „ sorted, 103
• British Museum, growth of, 134
• Bronze, destruction of, 181
• „ hypocephalus, 76
• „ statues, preservation of, 180
• „ treatment of, 100–101
• „ vases, Idaean cave, 155
• Brunswick black, marking with, 52
• Brushes, 91, 98, 112, 113
• Brushing, 86, 87, 89, 98, 100
• Bügelkanne, see False-necked vases
• Builder of Great Pyramid, 178
• Buildings, destruction of, 185–186
• „ photographing, 75, 78
• „ planning, 52–55
• „ restoration of, 172, 185
• Burials, primary and secondary, 52
• „ undisturbed, 12
• Burnt groups, 145–146
• „ papyri, 95
• Buttons of VI–VII Dyn., 162
• Buttresses left in digging, 30
• Cairo museum a failure, 131
• „ rubbish-mounds, 11
• Calculation of angles, 57
• Camel-hair brush, 91, 98
• „ transport, 112
• Camera, 73–75
• „ copying-, 81
• „ direction of, 80
• „ hand-, 74, 75
• „ -legs, 81
• „ pattern of, 73–74
• „ setting up of, 80
• „ size of, 74
• „ -stand, 81
• Camp requirements, 6
• Carbolic acid, 89, 101
• Carbonised papyri, 94
• Card blackened for small stops, 75
• „ -board for drawing, 68
• „ slips, 78
• „ tube, 74
• „ with concentric circles, 71
• Carefulness, means of securing, 34
• Carrier-boys, 30, 41, 43
• Carrying, 30, 32
• Cartonnage, 52
• Cartridge-paper, 109, 113
• Cases, grain of wood in, 110
• „ making of, 109–111
• „ nailing of, 110
• „ with bars, 106
• Casting, 64–66
• „ backs of frescoes, 97–98
• Casts of statues, 172–173
• „ plaster, 64–66
• „ „ photographing from, 77
• Celluloid, 71
• Celtic pottery like pan-grave, 159–160
• Cementing disintegrated granite, 87
• „ sculptures in walls, 86, 171
• Cemetery site, nature of, 11, 12
• Chain of boys, frontispiece, 44
• Chambers, contents of, 52
• „ emptying of, 44
• Charcoal, 47, 80, 90
• „ dust, 76
• Chemical knowledge, need of, 85, 171
• Chromo-lithography, 118
• China ink, drawing with, 68
• „ „ marking with, 52, 76
• Choice of facts in recording, 49
• „ „ workmen, 21
• Claims of landlord, 183
• „ „ State, 183–184
• Classification of material, 115, 119–120
• Clay moulds, 65
• Cleaning of bones, 76
• „ „ bronzes, 100–101
• „ „ gold, 98
• „ „ iron, 102
• „ „ pottery, 76
• „ „ silver, 98, 99
• Clearance at edge, 43
• „ from bottom, 42
• „ of sites, 41–43, 174, 181
• Clues in digging, 5
• Coffin, 52
• Coinage, wastage of, 150
• Coin impressions, 66, 67, 77
• „ restorations, 149
• Coins, casting, 77
• „ cleaning, 99
• Cold chisel, 112, 113
• Collectors, 48, 185
• Collotype, 74, 118
• Colossi, transport of, 107
• Colour on slabs, 87
• „ preservation of, 87–88
• „ -printing for vases, 70
• Columns, packing of, 107
• Commerce, prehistoric, 167
• Commission on sales, 121
• Commissioners, utility of, 170
• Compass, prismatic, 55, 113
• Compasses, 57
• Complex forms fade soon, 128
• Conservation, 5, 130–135
• Contracts, 121
• Copper figures, 166
• „ treatment of, 99
• Copying graffiti, 72
• „ inscriptions, 61–63, 72
• „ walls, 61–63, 72
• Corner-posts to boxes, 109
• Corpus of pottery, 124
• „ system, 123–126
• Cost of publication of drawings, 68, 117
• „ „ „ „ photographs, 118
• „ „ „ „ text, 120
• Cotton, 109
• „ wool, 66, 97, 107, 109
• „ „ not with papyri, 94
• Cretan connections, XVIII Dyn., 155
• „ „ XII „, 158
• „ „ VI „, 162
• „ „ IV „, 163
• „ „ I „, 166
• Cross-bars in packing, 106
• „ partitions in packing, 111
• Crowbars, 33, 112
• Crown property, 183, 186
• Crystal, inscriptions on, 76
• Cultivation of sites, 174
• Curators of museums, 49, 172
• Cutting down from edge of work, 42
• Cutting-out knives, dating of, 15
• Cylinders, impressions of, 66, 67
• Damping of papyri, 93
• Daphnae, 10, 13, 143–144
• Dark room, 83
• Dated objects, 4, 14–15, 52
• Dating of adzes, 14
• „ „ beads, 14
• „ „ cutting-out knives, 15
• „ „ mounds, 17
• „ „ objects in general, 4, 14–17
• Day and piece work combined, 30, 32
• „ -pay, 24, 27–31
• Dealers in antiquities, 3, 25, 38–39, 48
• Decomposition of glazes, 88
• Decoration in bead-work, 95
• Defeneh, 10, 13, 143–144
• Den, tomb of, 44
• Dentist’s wax, 67
• Deposits, foundation, 80
• Desert views, 1
• Destruction by wet-squeezing, 61
• „ of antiquities, 170–171, 172
• „ „ buildings, 10, 185–186
• „ „ evidence, 48
• „ „ information, 171
• „ „ monuments, 179
• „ „ sculptures, 86, 172
• „ „ site, 174
• Detail, verification of, 50
• Developers, 82–83
• „ proportions in, 82
• Developing, 82–84
• Development of tools, 14
• Diagonal bars for box-lids, 106
• „ driving of nails, 110, 111
• „ lighting, 77
• „ mirror in photographing, 75
• Digging by amateurs, 1, 3, 48, 179, 180
• „ purpose of, 1
• „ regularity of, 28
• Diktaean copper figures, 166
• Dilettante work, 1, 3, 48
• Diorite bowl, Crete, 163
• „ statue, Crete, 158
• Diospolis Parva, pottery from, 160
• Direction of lighting, 77
• Discoveries, age of, 175
• „ casual, 170
• Discrimination of sites, 9
• „ „ style, 14, 17–18
• „ „ walls, 46–47
• Disintegration of granite, 87
• „ „ stone by salt, 86
• Disobedience to orders, 35
• Distance from lens, 80
• Distinguishing brick-walls, 46–47
• Distortion in photography, 74
• Divided rod, 54–55, 113
• Doctoring of natives, 38
• „ „ workmen, 37–38
• Door-sills, 52
• „ ways, 52
• Double-plates, 116
• Drab pottery at Mykenae, 148
• Draughtsman wanted for corpus, 126
• Drawing boards, 113
• „ by lamplight, 62
• „ facsimile, 5, 68
• „ from squeezes, 62–63
• „ interpretation in, 68
• „ plan, 5, 68
• „ thickness of lines in, 69, 115
• „ vases from fragments, 70–71
• Drawings, cutting up, 63
• „ packing of, 63–64
• „ posting of, 64
• „ reduction of, 69
• „ reproduction of, 68, 115
• „ returned after use, 121
• „ scales of, 69
• Dressing of graves, 76–77
• „ „ objects, 76
• Driving of nails, 110, 111
• Drop-shutter view, 75
• Dry squeezes, 61–63
• Ebony stain, 68
• „ statuette, 78
• Editions, varieties of, 119
• Egypt and Europe, 141–168
• see Europe
• Electro-types, 181
• Electrum, 98
• El Hibeh, 9
• Engineers, wrecking by, 170, 174
• Engraving, Swan electric, 119
• Enkomi, tombs at, 152, 154, 155, 156
• Enlarged photographs, 74, 75, 80, 81
• Ether, 92
• Ethics of archaeology, 169–188
• Europe and Egypt,
• XXVI Dyn., 142–144
• XVIII „, 144–156
• XII „, 156–161
• VI „, 162, 167
• IV „, 163, 165, 167
• I „, 164–166, 167
• prehistoric, 167–168
• Evidence, by collocation, 139, 150
• „ by scarabs and coins, 149
• „ failures of, 139–140
• „ from burnt groups, 145–146
• „ „ copied forms, 163
• „ „ houses, 148
• „ „ paintings, 144–145
• „ „ rubbish mounds, 147, 156–157
• „ „ tombs, 150–153
• „ in a single object, 138
• „ nature of, 136–140
• Excavation, hindrance to, 187
• „ purpose of, 1
• „ recording results of, 124
• Excavator, qualifications of, 1–7, 19, 36, 85
• „ responsibilities of, 1, 8, 174
• Exhaustion, evidence by, 137, 139
• „ of metals, 181
• „ „ sites, 174–175
• Exodus, Pharaoh of, 178
• Experience, archaeological, 3–4
• Exposure in photography, 75, 78, 79, 82
• „ of sites, 178
• Extortion by overseers, 25
• Extra plates for students, 119
• Faces, flaking of, 87
• „ of limestone, 87, 88
• Facts, stating of, 50
• False-necked vases, 145, 146, 153–154
• „ „ „ variation with age, 153–154
• Families of workmen, 39
• Fascination of history, 189–193
• Files, 113
• Filling, 13, 47, 52
• „ and carrying, 32
• Films, curling of, 83
• „ packing of, 83–84
• „ rapidity of, 75
• Finest lines in drawing, 69
• Finger-work in excavating, 6–7
• Flake-white, use of, 77
• Flaking of faces, 87
• Flint knife obtained whole, 34–35
• Flooring, wooden, 76, 77
• Focus, 74–75, 80, 81
• Foil, gold, 67–68
• „ tin, 67
• Foot-notes, 120
• Foreigners’ use of plates, 116
• Forms of pottery, 16–17
• „ „ „ duration of, 128–129
• Fort-mounds, Defeneh, 10
• Forum, excavation of, 173
• „ interest of, 191
• „ pottery at, 126
• Foundation deposit, 80
• Fragments, means of securing, 34
• „ method of drawing, 70–71
• „ sorting and joining, 102–104
• Frame for drawing vase-fragments, 70–71
• „ „ supporting fresco, 96–97
• „ of strings for scale-drawing, 72
• „ with backing of muslin, 65
• Free-swinging lens, 80
• French chalk, 65
• Frescoes, 52, 88, 96–97
• Fuller’s earth, 92
• Furniture, successive ages of, 127
• Future ages, rights of, 175–176
• „ condition of museums, 133
• „ destruction of museums, 180–182
• Gang, proportions of, 44
• Gangs of workmen, 26, 27, 32
• Gauging of stuff to be removed, 42
• Gelatine for extracting salt, 89–90, 92
• Gems, photographing, 77
• Girls as workers, 23, 24, 75
• Gizeh, tomb of Sem-nefer, 78
• Glass background, 79
• „ waxed for papyri, 94, 95
• Glaze, decomposition of, 88
• Glycerine, 91
• Glycin, 83
• Gold collar from Enkomi, 154
• „ foil, 67–68, 98
• „ pin, Cypriote, 155
• „ preservation of, 180–181
• „ treatment of, 98
• „ value offered for, 184
• Governments, attitude of, 183, 187
• Graeco-Egyptian vases, 144
• Graffiti, copying, 72
• Grave, age of, by sequence-dates, 129
• „ dressing of, 76–77
• Greece, see Europe
• „ conditions of work in, 26, 32, 33
• Greek pottery, 17
• „ workmen, 26–27
• Greeks in Egypt, 142–144, 146
• Grouping in museums, 132
• „ of objects as evidence, 139
• Groups in museums, 172
• „ numbering of, 51
• „ of ivories, 91
• „ of objects, 48–49, 51, 69, 115, 172, 179
• „ photographing of, 80, 81
• Guards to plates, 116, 117
• Gum, contraction of, 93
• Gurob, 145, 148, 151, 152, 153, 156
• Guttapercha moulds, 66
• Haematite paint, 166
• Hammer dressing, 105
• „ light, 99
• „ sledge, 112
• Headings of plates, 115
• Head-lines of text, 120
• Head-shawls, seizure of, 39
• Helbeh, 109
• Heliogravure, 119
• Hinges, 113
• History, fascination of, 189–193
• „ importance of, 4–5, 171, 193
• „ knowledge of, 4–5
• Hibeh, El, 9
• Hissarlik, black incised ware, 161, 167
• Holes, excavated, 43
• „ in bricks, 47
• Hollow feet to vases, 166
• Hollows in ground, 11, 12, 13, 44
• Hollows in inscriptions, 76
• „ „ packing, 108
• Hone-stone, 113
• Honesty in workmen, 22, 34, 37
• Horemheb, 147
• Horizontal position, photographing, 80
• Huts, mud, of excavators, 6
• Hypocephalus, bronze, 76
• Ialysos, tomb at, 152
• Idaean cave, bronze vases, 155
• „ „ carved dish, 155
• Idleness, remedies for, 21, 28
• Illness among workmen, 31, 37–38
• Impressions of cylinders, 66
• Indestructibility of small antiquities, 176
• Index to books, 120
• India-rubber for dry-squeezing, 63
• Indications after rain, 13
• „ of nature of site, 12, 13
• Indices of types required, 124
• Infectious illness, 38
• Inking in of drawings, 61, 63, 68
• „ „ „ squeezes, 61
• Inks for drawing, 52, 68
• Ink-writing copied, 72
• „ „ photographed, 79
• Inscriptions, columns and lines, 72
• „ copying, 60–63, 72
• „ „ before removal, 53
• „ made legible, 76
• „ on stone, 76
• „ sanded, 76
• Insight in excavating, 4–6
• Inspectorship of antiquities, 185
• Instantaneous shutter, 75
• Instruments, use of, 54–55
• Inventory-sheets for small objects, 69–70
• Iron, treatment of, 102
• Ironing textiles, 89
• Irregularities in plates, 115
• Israel stele, 62
• Ivory, destruction of, 181
• „ preservation of, 90–92
• „ tablet of Zer, 76
• Jaw, removal for measurement, 53
• Jelly for extracting salt, 89–90
• Jewellers’ tag-labels, 52, 113
• Joining fragments, 102–104
• „ sheets of drawings, 63
• Jointing of brickwork, 46, 76
• „ „ flooring, 76
• Kahun, black incised pottery, 160
• „ burials at, 151
• „ rubbish mound at, 156–158
• „ town site turned over, 41
• Kamares pottery, 158–159
• Kefti bring vases, 144
• Key-plans, 53
• Khataaneh, black incised ware, 160
• Khufu, portrait of, 178
• Khyan vase lid, 159
• Kitchen-paper, 109, 113
• Knife, cutting-out, development of, 15
• „ dinner-, uses of, 46–47, 94
• „ pen, 65, 93
• Knossos, carving, 163
• „ Egyptian figure from, 158
• „ pottery, 158, 166
• „ vase lid of Khyan, 159
• „ vases from, 158, 163
• Knowledge in recording, 49
• „ requisite for excavating, 187
• „ systematic, 123
• Koptos, 151
• Labelling objects, 52, 112
• Labels in museums, 112, 171
• „ „ packing, 112
• Labourers, control of, 5, 7, 22–23
• „ qualities of, 21
• „ selection of, 20
• „ training of, 5, 21–22
• Lachish, pottery at, 17
• Lamp, Cretan, 163
• Languages, knowledge of, required, 5–6
• Lantern-slides, 74, 81
• Laws, present, concerning archaeology, 182–184
• „ requisite, concerning archaeology, 185–188
• Laying out for photographing, 80
• Lead, treatment of, 102
• Legal evidences, 136–138
• „ proof accepted, 140–141
• Legal uncertainties, 140–141
• Length of bricks, 47
• „ „ ropes, 46
• Lens, distance from, 80
• „ free-swinging, 76
• „ wide-angle, 74
• Lettering of plates, 116
• Letters used for distinguishing sites, 51
• Levelling-mirror, 58–59, 113
• Levels of buildings, 173
• „ „ pottery for dating, 144
• „ „ walls, 52
• Libyan influence, 159
• Lids of boxes, 110
• Lifting in removing, 42, 44, 45
• Lighting by reflection, 78
• „ in photography, 77–79
• „ of museums, 131–132
• Lime-burners, destruction by, 10, 174
• Linen, glued, 94
• Lines, thickness of, in drawing, 69
• Liparite bowl, Crete, 163
• List of plates, 116, 120
• Lithography, chromo-, 118
• „ photo-, 55, 68–70, 117
• Locals according to villages, 31
• „ for carrying, 30–38
• Locks, 113
• Logarithms, 57
• Lotus capital, 163
• Magnifier, use in work, 47
• Maket tomb, 151–152, 156
• Manuscript, readiness for printing, 120
• Margins to plates, 116, 117
• Market money, 35–36
• Marking of bones, 51
• „ „ objects, 51–52, 112
• Material facts, evidence of, 137, 138
• Materials, presentment of, 50–51
• „ properties of, 85
• Measurement, accuracy of, 55
• „ in planning, 53–55
• „ in photography, 80
• „ of vase-fragments, 71
• „ „ walls, 54
• „ „ work, 28, 30
• Mechanical contrivances, 33, 43, 71, 72
• Medicines, 38
• Mediterranean civilisation, 141–168
• Medum tombs, 62–63
• Memory, in excavating, 18–19
• Mer-en-ptah, portrait of, 178
• Metals, treatment of, 98–102
• Method of plotting 3-point survey, 56
• Metre rod, 54–55, 113
• Mill-stones, Roman, 10
• Mirror, 78, 95
• „ diagonal, 75
• „ levelling, 58–59, 113
• Mistakes in naming objects, 3–4
• „ „ publication, 117
• Misuse of ropes, 45–46
• Mixture of objects of various ages, 150
• Monkey, violet glazed, 148
• Montfaucon, 123
• Moulds for casting, 60, 65–68
• Mounds of fort, Defeneh, 10
• „ „ town, 10, 11
• „ position of, 42
• „ throwing on, 41
• Mounting papyri, 94
• Moving of earth, 30, 43
• Mud-brick mounds, 10
• „ „ sun-dried, 9
• „ „ walls, tracing of, 46
• Museums, buildings unsuitable, 130–131
• „ curators of, 49, 172
• „ future of, 180–182
• „ grouping in, 132–133
• „ groups of objects in, 172
• „ growth of, 184
• „ lighting of, 131
• „ methods in, 86, 95, 101
• „ plundering for, 171
• „ present, hinder archaeology, 130
• „ preservation in, 180–182
• „ requirements of, 131–135
• „ sculptures in, 86, 172–173
• „ space needed in, 132–135
• „ unpacking in, 112
• „ use of, 176
• Muslin, 65
• Mykenae, objects from, 140, 148, 152, 156
• Mykenaean period, 127, 153
• Nails, 113
• „ diagonal driving of, 110, 111
• „ use of, 99
• Naqada, dressing of tomb, 77
• National Repository needed, 133–135
• Nationalisation of antiquities, 185
• Native digging, 175, 187
• Naukratis, 142–144
• Nebireh, 142
• Negatives, 82–84, 118
• Negress, ebony, 78
• Nekheb, goddess, 64
• Neolithic vase at Knossos, 166
• Net process, 118
• Nile boats, 112
• „ rise of, 174
• Nitric acid, 92
• Notation of successive ages, 127
• „ „ time in work, 29
• Note-taking in excavations, 52
• Nubian shore, submersion of, 170, 175
• Numbering of groups, 51
• „ „ objects on plates, 115
• „ „ plates, 117
• „ „ sheets of drawings, 63–64
• Numbers, printed, 70
• „ scratched on, 52
• Obelisks at Tanis, 9
• Objects, groups of, 48–49, 51, 69, 115, 172, 179
• „ inventory of, 69
• „ numbering of, 51
• „ outlining of, 69–70
• „ position of, 50, 52, 179
• „ preparing, 76
• „ scale of drawing, 69
• Oblique lighting, 77
• Observation, 9
• Oiling of moulds, 61, 66
• Organization of work, 5
• „ „ workmen, 5, 24, 31
• Order, historical, in plates, 115
• Outlining of small objects, 69–70
• Overseer or reis, 24–26
• Overlapping images, 56
• Overs, 121
• Packer, 111
• Packing frescoes, 97
• „ glass, 108
• „ materials, 109
• „ pottery, 108–109
• „ stones, 105–108
• Pads in packing, 106, 107
• Page-references to plates, 116, 120
• Paint-brushes, 113
• „ red, in cups, 166
• Paintings on tombs as evidence, 144–145
• Palestinian pottery, 17
• Pan-graves, 159–160
• Paper bags, 113
• „ for drawing, 68, 113
• „ „ packing, 109, 113
• „ „ printing, 118
• „ „ squeezing, 60, 113
• „ moulds, 60–61
• „ squeezes, 60–61, 64
• Papyri, photographing of, 79
• „ treatment of, 93–95
• Paraffin wax, 87, 89, 90, 91, 96, 102, 112
• Parcel-post boxes, 109, 113
• „ „ for drawings, 64
• Partitions in boxes, 111
• Passages, underground, 55
• Past quickly vanishing, 130
• „ love of, 189–193
• „ rights of, 176–178
• Pasting of papyri, 93, 94
• Patterns of gold collar, 154–155
• Payment by results, 33
• „ deductions for locals, 31
• „ proportions in, 31–32
• „ rate of, 29
• „ weekly, 35
• Pencil-cutting for outlining, 69–70
• Pendulum-mirror, 58
• Periods, of bronze and stone, 127
• „ successive, 127–130
• Pharaoh of Exodus, 178
• Philae, submersion of, 170
• Philistine, 64
• Photographic apparatus, 73
• „ developers, 82–83
• „ developing, 82–84
• „ drying, 83
• „ enlarging, 74, 80, 81
• „ films, 75
• „ reflectors, 78
• „ register of objects, 134
• „ washing, 83
• Photographing and drawing, 73
• „ of buildings, 73
• „ „ excavations, 73
• „ „ papyri, 79
• „ „ views, 74, 81
• „ „ wall-scenes, 81
• Photography, 73–84
• „ backgrounds in, 79
• „ dark room for, 83
• „ diagonal mirror in, 75
• „ drop-shutter in, 75
• „ lighting in, 77
• „ scale in, 80–81
• „ shadows in, 79
• „ skew-back, 75
• „ stereographic, 81–82
• Photo-lithography, 117
• „ „ colours reversed in, 70
• „ „ for drawings, 68
• „ „ „ plans, 55
• „ „ reduction for, 69
• Physics, 85
• Pickling of bronzes, 100
• Picks and baskets, 31–33
• Piece and day work combined, 30, 32
• Piece pay, 27
• „ work, 24, 29–31
• Pillars left in digging, 30
• Pincers, 113
• Pins, 83, 91
• Pit, excavation of, 42, 45, 52
• Placing of stuff removed, 42
• Plan, 33
• „ accuracy of, 55
• „ drawing, 5, 53
• „ measurement of, 53–55
• „ of chambers, 44, 52, 53
• „ „ towns, 52, 53
• Plane, 65
• „ -table, 55
• Platinotypes, 119
• Plaster, casts, 61, 64–66
• „ coats of, 87, 97
• „ handling of, 64
• Plates, book, 114–119
• „ „ double, 116
• „ „ loose, 115–116
• „ „ spoilt, 121
• „ magazine for, 74
• „ photographing from, 77
• „ rapidity of, 75
• „ size of image, 81
• Pliers, 113
• Plotting, 55–59
• „ vase dimensions, 71
• Plunderers, 12, 48
• Plundering of sites, 11, 171, 178–179
• Points of support in packing, 105–106
• Pompeii, corpus of pottery needed, 125
• Position of objects, 50, 52, 53
• „ in photographing, 78
• Positives, 118
• Postage of drawings, 64
• Potsherds, 10, 12
• Pottery, Aegean, 145–170
• „ black incised, 160–162, 163–164, 167
• „ chips, 47
• „ corpus, 124–126
• „ destruction of, 181
• „ duration of forms, 128
• „ Greek, 142, 147, 148
• „ of prehistoric age, 17, 167
• „ „ I Dyn., 164
• „ „ XII „, 157, 159
• „ „ XVIII „, 148, 153–154
• „ packing of, 108–109
• „ painted, from Kahun, 157–158
• „ preservation of, 88–89
• „ salt in, 88–89
• „ scale for drawing, 69
• „ typical forms, 16
• „ value for dating, 15–17, 128–129
• Praesos beads of XII Dyn., 158
• Prehistoric ages, 167–168
• „ camp site, 13
• „ cemetery site, 11
• „ sequences, 129
• „ shipping, 167
• „ tomb dressed, 77
• Preparing objects for photographing, 76
• Presentment of material, 50–51
• Preservation in museums, 180–181
• „ of antiquities, 85–104, 176–188
• „ „ bones, 90
• „ „ colour, 87–88
• „ „ gold-work, 181
• „ „ information, 5, 48
• „ „ ivories, 90–92
• „ „ papyri, 92–95
• „ „ pottery, 88–89
• „ „ sarcophagi, 87, 90
• „ „ stone, 86–87, 181
• „ „ stucco, 87–88, 90
• „ „ wood, 89–91
• Princesses in fresco, 88
• Printed numbers for plates, 70
• Printer’s agreement, 120–121
• „ errors, 120
• Printing, colour-, for vases, 70
• Prismatic compass, 55, 113
• Probability, evidence from, 138, 139
• Processes for plates, 117–119
• Prohibition of wet squeezing, 62
• Proof, nature of, 136
• Properties of materials, 85
• Proportions in mixing developers, 82
• Protractor, 57
• Pseud-amphorae, see False-necked vases
• Publication, 114–121
• „ detailed, 175
• „ mistakes in, 117
• „ necessity of, 182
• „ past methods of, 114
• „ permanence of, 182
• Publishers, agreements with, 120
• Pyramid, great, Builder of, 178
• Railway, light, 43
• Ramessu II, 146, 152, 153, 154, 155
• „ III, 145, 154, 155
• „ VI, 153, 154
• Rate of payment, 29–30
• Recommendations of workmen, 40
• Reconstruction of stone vases, 102–104
• Record by corpus system, 125
• „ importance of, 48, 175
• „ in piecework, 29
• „ publication of, 114
• Recrystallisation of salt, 86
• Red paint, 166
• Reference-numbers on plates, 115
• „ to plates, 115–116
• „ to text, 119–120
• Reflections in lighting, 78
• Reflectors, 78
• Register of sheets, 63–64
• „ „ works of art, 186–187
• Reis or overseer, 24–26
• Rekhmara, tomb of, 144, 155
• Relief-process, 118
• Reliefs, copying of, 60
• Repository needed, 133–135
• Res, statuette of, 152
• Responsibilities, in excavating, 1, 8, 174–175
• „ of archaeologists, 170, 182
• Restorations, 172, 176
• „ of scarabs, 149
• „ of stone vases, 70–71, 102–104
• Results, presentment of, 50–51
• Rethreading of beads, 96
• Re-use of tombs, 150
• Rights of the future, 175
• „ „ „ past, 176–178
• Rise of Nile, 174
• Rolls of drawings by post, 64, 68
• „ „ papyri, 92–94
• Ropes, 33, 45, 112
• „ length of, 46
• „ preservation of, 45–46
• Rotted bead-work, 95
• „ ivory, 91–92
• „ papyrus, 93
• „ silver, 98
• „ wood, 90–91
• Royalties on books, 120
• Rubbish-mounds, 11
• Rust in bronze, 101
• „ „ iron, 102
• Sacking for packing, 107
• Salt in metals, 100, 102
• „ „ pottery, 88–89
• „ „ stones, 86
• „ „ textiles, 89
• „ „ wood, 89
• Sand, throwing, 75
• Sanding of tender stones, 87
• „ „ weathered stones, 71, 76
• Sarcophagi at Abydos, 43
• „ „ Zuweleyn, 10
• „ preservation of, 87, 90
• Sauce-pan, cast-iron, 90
• Saw-files, 112
• Sawing, 105
• Saws, 105, 112, 113
• Scale-drawing, frame for, 72
• „ mentioned on plate-heading, 115
• „ of drawing for plates, 69, 115
• „ „ „ „ tools, 69
• „ „ „ „ vases, 69
• „ „ payment, 29
• „ „ plotting, 55
• Scaling of bronze, 101
• „ „ copper, 99
• Scarabs, few posthumous, 149
• „ restorations of, 149
• „ seldom long in use, 150
• Screw-driver, 113
• Screws, 113
• Sculpture, casts of, 172
• „ cemented in walls, 86
• „ lighting of, 131–132
• „ museum of, 172
• Sealing-wax moulds, 66–67
• Search for fragments, 34–35, 102–104
• Section-lines for stone vases, 70
• Selection of facts in recording, 49
• Separation of objects in museums, 49
• Sequence dates, 129
• Sequences in a mansion, 127
• Serials published, 117
• Series of forms of stone vases, 102
• Sety II, 146, 153, 155
• Sextant, box-, 55–56, 113
• Shade-lines in drawing, 69
• Sheet of card ruled, 72
• Sheets of inventories, 69–70
• Shifting of stuff, 42
• Shutter, drop-, 75
• Sieve, native, 112
• „ wire, 112
• Sifting earth, 35
• Sighting-lines, 54
• Signals for work, 28
• „ survey, 56–57
• Silicate solution, 91
• Silver coins, 99
• „ treatment of, 98–99
• Site of cemetery, 11–12
• „ „ temple, 9–10
• „ „ town, 10–11
• Size of bricks, 47, 52
• „ „ sheets for reduction, 70
• Skeletons, marking of, 51
• „ preservation of, 53, 90
• Skew-back camera, 75
• Skull, removal for measurement, 52
• Slate backing to frescoes, 97
• Sliding of earth, 42
• Slopes of rubbish-mounds, 11
• Smuggling of antiquities, 184
• Sneferu, black incised ware, 163
• Soaking of bronzes, 101
• „ „ iron, 102
• „ „ lead, 102
• „ „ pottery, 88
• „ „ stones, 86
• „ „ textiles, 89
• Softening in packing, 106, 108–109
• Sorting fragments, 102–104
• Spain, pottery from, 159–160, 167
• Speculators, destruction by, 170
• Spies, 38–39
• Spoke-brush, use of, 60–61, 113
• „ shave, 113
• Square, 113
• Squareness on plates, 115
• Squares of plans, 53
• Squeezes, dry, 61–63
• „ wet, 60–61
• Stain, ebony, 68
• State claims, 182–184
• „ register of works of art, 186–187
• „ rights, 184–187
• Stations, surveying, 57–58
• Statistical sorting of pottery, 128
• Statuary, casts of, 172
• „ lighting of, 131–132
• „ preservation of, 180
• „ restoration of, 172
• Statuette, ebony, 78
• Stirrup vases, 145, 146, 154
• „ „ variation with age, 153–154
• Stone chips, 9, 13
• „ of buildings, 76
• „ vases, block-tints for, 70
• „ „ drawing from fragments, 71
• „ „ sorting fragments, 102–104
• Stones, large, 30
• „ moving of, 27
• „ salt in, 86
• „ scale of drawing, 69
• Stops in manuscripts, 120
• „ „ photographing, 74–75
• Storing of antiquities, 6
• „ „ ropes, 46
• Straw for packing, 108, 109, 112
• Strings of beads, 95–96
• Stucco, coloured, 88
• „ facing, 87
• „ on bricks, 96
• „ on walls, 47
• „ on wood, 96
• Students’ plates, 119
• Style, discrimination of, 14, 17–18
• Successive ages, classed, 126
• Super-heated wax for preserving, 90
• Superimposed buildings, 41–42
• Support, points of, in packing, 105–106
• Survey, three-point, 56
• Surveying, 5, 53–59
• „ of walls, 52
• Survival of museums, 180–181
• „ „ things in use, 128, 150
• Systematic archaeology, 122–135
• „ work in excavating, 2
• Systematizers needed, 123
• Tables, printing of, 120
• Tablet, ivory, 76
• Tahutmes II, 151
• „ III, 151, 152, 153
• Tally for accounts, 37–38
• Tanis, with obelisks, 9
• „ workers at, 20
• Tape-measure, 55, 113
• „ steel-, 55
• Tapioca-water, 88
• Telescope used in work, 28
• Tell el Amarna, frescoes at, 88
• „ „ „ vases at, 147, 148, 155, 156
• „ „ Yehudiyeh, cemetery mounds, 43
• Temple, causes of ruin, 10
• „ evidence of, 47
• „ site, clearance of, 41–47
• „ „ nature of, 9–10
• Tenting in desert, 6
• Textiles, 89
• Theodolite, 55
• Thickness of lines in drawing, 69
• Threads, 65, 90, 92, 95
• Three-colour photography, 119
• Three-point survey, 56
• Throwing, 30, 41
• „ sand, 75
• Thyi, Queen, 148, 152
• Tibn, 109
• Tilting in photography, 80
• Tin-foil moulds, 67
• „ plate for reflectors, 78–79
• „ „ „ sawing, 105
• „ „ „ small stops, 75
• „ pots, 108, 111
• „ saucepans, 90
• Tints, block, for vases, 70
• Tomb groups, 48–49, 51
• „ „ scattered, 49
• „ of Sem-nefer, 78
• „ -robbers, 45
• Tombs, evidence from, 150–153
• „ mixture of contents, 150
• „ numbering of, 51
• „ position of, 52
• „ proportion of important, 12
• „ reuse of, 150
• „ unplundered, 12
• „ wrecking of, 171
• Tools necessary to work, 33, 112–113
• „ provision of, 33
• Tooth-brush, uses for, 67, 112
• Topography, 33
• Town, planning of, 52
• „ site, clearance of, 41, 44
• „ „ nature of, 10
• „ „ rate of accumulation, 10–11
• „ „ turned over, 41
• Tracing out walls, 13, 41, 46–47
• Transport of antiquities, 85, 97, 107–108, 112
• Tray with poles, 107
• „ wooden, 95
• Treasure trove, 183
• Trenching ground, 41, 43
• Trial-pits, 41
• Troy, black incised ware, 161, 167
• Trucks, 43
• Turning back, 41
• „ over, 41, 43
• Tutankhamen, 145, 153, 154
• Uncertainties, legal, 140–141
• Underground passages, 55
• Undisturbed tombs, 12
• Uniformity of scale, 115
• Unpacker, 111–112
• Unpacking of boxes, 111–112
• Unplundered tombs, 12
• Unpunctuality, remedies for, 31
• Unrolling of papyri, 93–94
• Unsanded stones, 71, 76
• Usertesen II, 44, 157
• Valuables, finding of, 27
• Variation of vases with age, 153–154
• Vases, block tints for, 70
• „ drawn from fragments, 70–71
• „ measurement of angles, 71
• „ scale of drawing, 69
• Vertical lighting, 77
• „ mirror level, 58–59, 113
• „ position of camera, 80
• Wages in Egypt, 29
• „ „ England, 27
• „ „ Greece, 27
• Wall-scenes, photographing of, 81
• Walls, copying, 61–63, 72
• „ face of, 47
• „ surveying of, 52
• „ thickness of, 52
• „ tracing of, 13, 41, 46–47
• „ visible after rain, 13
• Warrior in alabaster, 144
• Washing of negatives, 83
• „ out salt, 86, 88, 89, 100
• Wastage of coinage, 150
• Water-colours, 77, 113
• Wax, bees-, 66, 67, 71, 80, 90, 95, 102
• „ dentist’s, 67
• „ paraffin, 87, 89, 90, 91, 96, 102, 112
• Waxed glass for papyri, 94
• Weathered stones, sanding of, 71, 76
• Weeding-out of workmen, 40
• Weights carried by boy, 43
• Western, see Europe
• Wet squeezes, 60–61
• White ants, 89, 96
• „ filling of black ware, 161
• „ flake-, use of, 77
• „ -wash on walls, 96
• Whiting for inscriptions, 76
• Wide-angle lens, 74
• Wills, contradictory, 140
• Witnesses, evidence of, 137, 138
• „ veracity of, 138
• Wood flooring, 76, 77
• „ rotted, 90–91
• „ salt in, 89
• „ tray, 95
• „ wet, 91
• „ white ants in, 89
• „ -wool, 109
• Work, irregular, 27
• Workmen at Tanis, 20
• „ chains of, 44
• „ control of, 5, 7, 22–23
• „ distribution of, 26
• „ English, 27, 32
• „ Greek, 26–27, 32
• „ management of, 36
• „ organization of, 24, 26, 29, 31
• „ qualities of, 21
• „ selection of, 20–21
• „ substitution of, 23, 31
• „ training of, 5, 26, 34
• Wrapping-paper, 109
• Wrappings, 52
• Wrecking by engineers, 170, 174
• „ „ lime-burners, 174
• „ „ natives, 175
• „ of tombs, 171
• Yorkshire, pottery from, 160
• Zer, Aegean pottery of, 164–165
• „ black incised ware, 164
• „ bracelet of, 80
• „ ivory tablet of, 76
• Zinc, box for washing, 83
• „ blocks, 68, 118
• „ tally for accounts, 37–38
• „ trays for soaking stones, 86
• Zuweleyn, sarcophagi at, 10