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Mexican archæology

Chapter 3: ILLUSTRATIONS
By Thomas Athol Joyce
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Archaeology & AnthropologyHistory - Ancient

About This Book

This work surveys the archaeology of pre-Spanish Mexican and Maya civilizations, summarizing tribal histories, religious beliefs and priesthoods, calendars and festivals, systems of writing, medicine, burial, and social organization. It examines material culture including crafts, dress, pottery, mosaics and architectural remains, and discusses war, trade and justice. The author compares Mexican and Maya institutions, offers interpretations of iconography and calendrical systems, and proposes a provisional chronological framework. Illustrated plates and appendices list calendrical names and support the descriptive chapters while pointing to remaining gaps and directions for further research.

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE IN COLOURS
PLATE
I. Mexico: Human Skull, incrusted with mosaic, representing Tezcatlipoca Frontispiece
PLATES IN HALF-TONE
FACING PAGE
II. Mexico: Colossal Stone Head of Coyolxauhqui Stone Figure of Chalchiuhtlicue 22
III. Mexico: Colossal Stone Figure of Coatlicue 30
IV. Mexico: Stone Mask representing Xipe 38
V. Mexico: Stone Figure of Xochipilli 42
Stone with Figure of a Xiuhcoatl 42
VI. Mexico: Sculptured Stone Vase 50
Stone Figure of Quetzalcoatl 50
VII. Mexico: Stone Quauhxicalli 66
Stone Quauhxicalli in the form of an Ocelot 66
VIII. Mexico: The “Calendar Stone” 74
Stone Figure of an Octli God 74
IX. Mexico: Objects in Pottery 82
Maya: Pottery Figurines from Graves 82
X. Huaxtec: Stone Figure and Chest 108
Maya: Pottery Censer 108
XI. Mexico: Stone Rattle-snake and Jadeite Head 140
Maya: Jadeite Reliefs 140
Mixtec: Jadeite Relief 140
Zapotec: Gold Lip-pendant 140
XII. Mexico: Mounds at San Juan Teotihuacan 170
XIII. Mexico: Temple at Xochicalco, Present Condition and Restoration 172
XIV. Zapotec: Interior of Chamber at Mitla 174
Mexico: Temple at Tepoztlan 174
XV. Zapotec: Ruins at Mitla, partly restored 178
XVI. Totonac: Temple at Papantla 182
XVII. Mexico: Spear-thrower, atlatl 188
Tarascan: Pottery from Guadalajara 188
Zapotec: Funerary Vases 188
XVIII. Mexico: Stone Sacrificial Knife 194
Totonac: Pottery from the Id. of Sacrificios 194
XIX. Totonac: Pottery from the Id. of Sacrificios 198
XX. Maya: Stela 14, Piedras Negras 226
XXI. Maya: Stela H, Copan 236
XXII. Maya: Stone Lintel, Menché 294
XXIII. Maya: Stela 24, Naranjo 302
XXV. Maya: Building at Sayil 332
Temple at Tikal 332
XXVI. Maya: Sculptured Monolith P., Quirigua 338
Plan of Ruins at Copan 338
XXVII. Maya: Ruins at Palenque 342
XXVIII. Maya: Temple of the Ball-court, and “Castillo,” Chichen Itza 348
XXIX. Maya: Restoration of Ball-court Temple 350
Building of the “Monjas” Group 350
XXX. Maya: The “House of the Governor,” Uxmal 358
PLATE IN LINE
XXIV. Maya: Design on a Pottery Vase 310
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT
FIGURE PAGE
1. Map of the Valley of Mexico 12
2. The Aztec migration (Boturini MS.) 15
3. Various Mexican deities, from MSS. 34
4. Various Mexican deities, from MSS. 35
5. Mexican methods of sacrifice (Zouche MS.) 41
6. The moon (Borgia MS.) 52
7. Mexican day-signs (Fejérváry-Mayer MS.) 60
8. Key to the Mexican Calendar Stone 74
9. Mexican priests making fire (Zouche MS.) 75
10. Tree of the West (Borgia MS.) 79
11. Stone relief from Huilocintla 83
12. Detail from the Telleriano-Remensis MS. 87
13. Plan of the palace at Tezcoco 89
14. Mexican mummies prepared for burial 104
15. Stone relief from Tlacolula 106
16. Stone relief from Guerrero 107
17. Mexican warriors (Mendoza MS.) 113
18. Articles of tribute (Mendoza MS.) 118
19. Mexican stone and obsidian implements 135
20. Mexican stone axes 137
21. Totonac stone “yoke” 139
22. Mixtec stone figurines 140
23. Mexican artisans (Mendoza MS.) 143
24. Gold finger-ring 145
25. Mexican feather-work mantle 146
26. Spindle-whorls, Id. of Sacrificios 147
27. Mexican wood-carver and weaver (Mendoza MS.) 148
28. Mexican pottery stamps 150
29. The education of Mexican children (Mendoza MS.) 161
30. Tlaxtli-court (Bodleian MS.) 165
31. Mexican teponaztli (wooden gong) 167
32. Plans of remains at Quiengola 175
33. Slab from Xochicalco: beaker and stone head from Oaxaca 176
34. Plan of one of the courts at Mitla 177
35. Portion of fresco at Mitla 179
36. Pottery forms 185
37. Painted designs on pottery 186
38. Pottery vase from Teotihuacan 187
39. Vase in Tlaxcalan or Cholulan style 190
40. Pottery vase from Tlaxcala 191
41. Design on a vase from Cuicatlan 192
42. Pottery vase from Tanquian 196
43. Pottery vase from the Panuco River 197
44. Pottery vase from Tampico 198
45. Linguistic Map of Maya tribes 201
46. Various Maya deities (Dresden MS.) 222
47. Various Maya deities (Dresden MS.) 223
48. Carved wooden lintel from Tikal 225
49. Relief, Temple of the Foliated Cross, Palenque 230
50. The “two-headed monster,” Copan 233
51. Detail from relief, Temple of the Cross, Palenque 235
52. Maya ceremonial axes, from the monuments 237
53. Maya day-signs; monuments and MSS. 247
54. Maya month-signs; monuments and MSS. 250
55. Maya period-signs; monuments 251
56. Maya date-inscriptions; monuments 253
57. Maya world-direction and colour signs 256
58. Maya new-year ceremonies (Dresden MS.) 264
59. Maya new-year ceremonies (Troano-Cortesianus MS.) 265
60. Detail from relief at Chichen Itza 289
61. Man in ceremonial costume, Palenque 297
62. Maya methods of hunting (Troano-Cortesianus MS.) 299
63. Maya priests with musical instruments (Dresden MS.) 301
64. Objects of flaked stone, British Honduras 305
65. Stone mask; British Honduras 306
66. Maya weavers (Troano-Cortesianus MS.) 307
67. Bat-design, from a vase; Uloa Valley 311
68. Pottery vase from Chama 312
69. Pottery vase from Ococingo 312
70. Pottery vase from Coban 313
71. Pottery censer from Nebaj 314
72. Pottery head from Nebaj 316
73. Examples of Maya terraces and pyramids 321
74. Section of typical Yucatec building 323
75. Examples of Maya buildings 325
76. Ground-plans and elevations of Maya temples 327
77. Section through the Temple of the Cross, Palenque 329
78. Plans of building at Santa Rosa Xlabpak 330
79. Detail of fresco at Santa Rita 335
80. Details of frescoes at Santa Rita and Mitla 336
81. Stone altar at Copan 339
82. Relief, Temple of the Sun, Palenque 344
83. The “Monjas,” Chichen Itza 347
84. Caryatid figure, Chichen Itza 348
85. Stone gargoyle, Copan 353
86. Details from various monuments, showing the interlaced head-ornament 357
87. Stone relief at Chichen Itza 367
MAPS
Map of the Valley of Mexico (Fig. 1) 13
Linguistic Map of Maya Tribes (Fig. 45) 201
Mexico and Central America Folder at end