Migration of Birds (1950)

Advantages of migration, 6
Aerial obstructions, 76
Altitudes of travel, 26
Ancestral home theory, 8
Arctic route, 68
Aristotle, 2, 4, 5
Atlantic coast route, 53
Atlantic oceanic route, 48

Baldpate, 62
Banding studies, 81, 92
Blackbird, 32, 33, 60
    Brewer's, 32
    European, 4
    red-winged, 22, 32, 33, 35, 37
    rusty, 70
    yellow-headed, 32
Bluebird, 9, 34, 37, 81
Bluethroat, 19
Bobolink, 32, 55, 56 (map), 69, 70, 71
Bobwhite, 32, 34, 82, 83
Brant, 57, 58
    Atlantic, 57
    Black, 68
Bullbat, 32
Bunting, snow, 34

Canvasback, 58
Cardinal, 34, 82
Chickadee, 7, 72
    black-capped, 83
    Carolina, 83
Chuck-wills-widow, 55
Clarke, W. E., 4, 6
Compsothlypidae, 32
Conclusions, 85
Continental drift, theory of, 11
Coot, 55
Coues, Elliott, 4
Cowbird, 29
Crane, 2, 4, 6, 16, 26, 27, 28
Creeper, brown, 75
Crossbill, 7, 32, 74
Crow, 20, 22, 32
    Clark's, 73
Cuckoo, black-billed, 55
    yellow-billed, 55

Diurnal migration, 15
Diving birds, 16
Dove, 4
    mourning, 19
    turtle, 2, 6
Duck, 2, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 32, 33, 37, 42, 58, 60, 61, 62, 68
    black, 20, 33, 58, 61
    eider, 68
    scaup, 58
    sea, 59, 63

Eel, 29
Egret, 73
Eider, 68
Evolution of migration routes, 70
Exhaustion, 78

Falcon, peregrine, 19
Fall flights, 37
Finch, 43
    house, 82
    purple, 74
    rosy, 72
Fishes, 29
Flicker, 70
Flight speed, 18
Flycatcher, 15, 19, 31
Fly ways, 46
    Atlantic, 49 (map), 58
    Mississippi, 50 (map)
    Central, 51 (map)
    Pacific, 52 (map)

Gätke, Heinrich, 19
Goose, 2, 4, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 33, 59, 60, 61, 62
    blue, 22, 32, 61, 62
    cackling, 63
    Canada, 15, 21, 22 (map), 32, 58, 59, 81
    emperor, 68
    Ross's, 64 (map)
    snow, 32, 72
Gordon, Donald A., 30
Goshawk, 12
Grackle, 37
    bronzed, 32
Great Lakes route, 60
Grebe, 34
Grosbeak, 45, 74
    black-headed, 37
    evening, 74
    pine, 72
    rose-breasted, 33, 45, 46 (map)
Gross, Alfred O., 74
Groups, movements of, 12
Grouse, ruffed, 82
Gull, 16, 68, 73, 78
    herring, 73
    Ross's, 68

Hawk, 2, 16, 19, 26, 34, 42
    broad-winged, 16
    Cooper's, 16
    duck, 19, 20
    red-tailed, 16
    rough-legged, 16
    sharp-shinned, 16
    Swainson's, 16
Herodotus, 2
Heron, 19, 20, 73
    black-crowned night, 73
    little blue, 73
    snowy, 73
Hesiod, 2
Hesperornis, 11
Hibernation, 4
Homer, 2
Homing instinct, 30
Hummingbird, ruby-throated, 79

Ichthyornis, 11
Influence of weather, 80
Insects, 29

Jacksnipe, 37
Jaeger, Edmund C., 5
Jaeger, parasitic, 68
Jay, blue, 34, 83
Junco, 10, 34, 72
    slate-colored, 37, 70, 75

Kingbird, 32, 42, 55
Kingfisher, belted, 34
Kinglet, 77
    golden-crowned, 75
Kite, 4
Kittiwake, red-legged, 68
Knot, 11, 42

Lapwing, 28
Lark, horned, 19
    meadow, 34, 76
Lewis, Harrison F., 57
Lincoln, Frederick C., 5
Long distance migrations, 38
Longspur, 34, 76
Lapland, 37, 75
Loon, 16
    yellow-billed, 84, 85

Mackenzie Valley route, 60
Magnetic sense, 30
Magnus, Olaus, 4
Mallard, 22, 31, 33, 58
Man-o'-war bird, 30
Martin, purple, 12
Migration, advantages of, 6
    altitudes, 26
    distances, 38
    diurnal, 15
    fall, 37
    historical accounts, 4
    long distance, 38
    mystery of, 4
    nocturnal, 15
    origin, 7
    perils, 75
    problems, 81
    routes, 41
    segregation during, 31
    short, 34
    species and groups, 12
    speed, 18
    theories of causes, 7
    undetermined, 34
    vagrant, 73
    variable, 35
    vertical, 72
    weather, 80
Mississippi Valley route, 60
Mockingbird, 83
Movements of residents, 82
Movements of species and groups, 12
Murre, 29
Mystery of migration, 4

Nighthawk, 9, 16, 32, 38, 55, 60, 70
Nocturnal migration, 15
Northern ancestral home theory, 8
Nutcracker, Clark's, 73
Nuthatch, 7
    white-breasted, 83

Orientation, 28
Origin of migration, 7
Oriole, 15
    orchard, 9
Ovenbird, 70, 78, 80
Owl, great horned, 34
    screech, 83
    snowy, 12, 74

Pacific coast route, 63
Pacific oceanic route, 66
Passerella iliaca, 35
Pelican, 4, 16, 26
Perils, aerial obstructions, 76
    exhaustion, 78
    migration, 75
    storms, 75
Pewee, western wood, 72
Phalarope, 33
    northern, 27
Photoperiodism, theory of, 9
Pigeon, homing, 30, 31
Pintail, 22, 55, 62, 79
Pipit, 73
Pliny, 4
Plover, 15
    golden, 11, 19, 48, 49, 51, 54 (map), 66, 68, 71, 79
    upland, 15
Poor-will, 5
Problems, migration, 81
    banding studies, 81
    migration of the white-throated sparrow, 84
    migration of the yellow-billed loon, 84
    movements of residents, 82

Quail, 2, 34
    California, 82
    migratory, 2

Rail, 4, 15
    Carolina, 79
Raven, 19
Redhead, 58, 62, 85
Redpoll, 12
Redstart, 14, 45, 47 (map), 70, 78
Residents, movements of, 82
Robin, 9, 22, 24, 33, 34, 35, 61, 70, 76
Routes, 41, 53 (map)
    Arctic, 68
    Atlantic coast, 53
    Atlantic oceanic, 48
    "bobolink," 55, 56 (map)
    evolution of, 70
    flyways, 46
    Great Lakes, 60
    Great Plains, 62
    Mackenzie Valley, 60
    Mississippi Valley, 60
    narrow, 42
    Pacific coast, 63
    Pacific oceanic, 66
    Rocky Mountain, 62
    wide, 42
Rowan, William, 10

Salmon, 29
Sanderling, 11, 27
Sandpiper, 15, 27
    Bartramian, 15
    purple, 42
Sapsucker, Williamson's, 72
Scaup, 58
Scoter, 63
    white-winged, 59, 65
Segregation, 31
Shore bird, 9, 11, 12, 32, 33, 38, 42, 48, 50, 55, 57, 60, 61
Short and undetermined migrations, 34
Shrike, 19, 34
    loggerhead, 37
Snipe, 15
    Wilson's, 37
Snowbird, 10
Sora, 79
Southern ancestral home theory, 8
Sparrow, 15, 31, 32, 34, 60, 76, 77
    chipping, 37, 70
    field, 37
    fox, 35, 36 (map)
    Harris's, 43 (map), 44, 45
    Ipswich, 43
    song, 33, 34
    swamp, 75
    tree, 34, 37, 75
    vesper, 37
    white-throated, 75, 84
Species, movements of, 12
Speed, flight, 18
    migration, 18
Starling, 4
Stork, 2, 4, 6, 27
Storms, 75
Swallow, 2, 4, 6, 9, 17, 18, 26, 32, 34, 57
    bank, 55
    barn, 20, 38, 60
    cliff, 16, 17 (map), 26, 38
    hibernating, 4
Swan, 4
Swift, 4, 16, 19, 20, 34
    chimney, 4, 32

Tanager, 55, 66
    scarlet, 33, 44 (map), 45
    western, 65 (map), 66, 67 (map)
Teal, blue-winged, 20, 55, 58, 60
Tern, arctic, 11, 38, 39 (map), 40, 41, 68
    common, 40
    Forster's, 40
    noddy, 30
    sooty, 30
Theories of migration, 7
Thrush, 4, 15, 19, 21, 27, 31, 38, 60, 77
    gray-cheeked, 21, 23 (map), 55
    hermit, 75
    wood, 55
Titlark, 73
Titmouse, 34
    tufted, 82
Transmutation, 5
Turd us migratorius, 35
Turnstone, 11
Turtle [dove], 2, 6

Vagrant migration, 73
Variable migrations within species, 35
Vertical migration, 72
Vireo, 15, 55, 75, 77
    red-eyed, 69 (map), 70
Vulture, 26
    turkey, 34

Warbler, 15, 17, 18, 27, 60, 75, 76
    black and white, 12, 13 (map), 14 (map)
    blackpolled, 16, 18, 24, 25 (map), 55, 60, 70
    black-throated blue, 14
    Cape May, 37
    golden-winged, 63
    Kentucky, 63
    myrtle, 61, 70
    palm, 37
    pine, 37
    summer, 21
    wood, 31, 32
    worm-eating, 63
    yellow, 14, 21, 70
Waterfowl, 20, 47, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64,93
Waxwing, 32, 33
    Bohemian, 12, 74
Weather, influence of, 80
Wheatear, Greenland, 11
Widgeon, 55
    American, 62
Woodcock, 37
Woodpecker, 34
Wren, 15
    Carolina, 34, 82, 83
    long-billed marsh, 33
    rock, 37
    winter, 34, 75
Wrentit, 82

Yeagley, Henry L., 30
Yellowlegs, lesser, 21
Yellowthroat, Maryland, 35, 78

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