This study traces the development of French philosophical thought from the era of Auguste Comte through later nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century movements, surveying antecedents and principal currents. It organizes material around central problems—science, freedom, progress, ethics, and religion—examining how thinkers sought to reconcile scientific method with moral and spiritual concerns. Chapters chronicle major trends and debates, analyze key doctrines, and assess their interrelations, concluding with a comparative reflection on distinctive qualities of French philosophy, notably its clarity, concreteness, and emphasis on practical problems.