Moderne Geister: Literarische Bildnisse aus dem neunzehnten Jahrhundert

A series of literary portraits offers concise critical and biographical sketches of influential nineteenth-century writers and thinkers, combining close readings with broader aesthetic and historical reflections. Individual essays adopt varied approaches—psychological analysis, aesthetic argument, or straightforward biographical narrative—to illuminate each subject's character and creative development. The volume treats a range of European figures, including Paul Heyse, Max Klinger, Ernest Renan, Gustave Flaubert, the Goncourt brothers, Ivan Turgenev, John Stuart Mill, Hans Christian Andersen, Esaias Tegnér, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, and Henrik Ibsen, and seeks to trace a common strain of modern intellectual temperament across them.