Moving Pictures: How They Are Made and Worked

INDEX

• Abruzzi, Duke of, cinematography, 128
• Acetylene, as illuminant, 98
• Acres, experimenter, 16
• Actors and Actresses, 149–151;
• accidents, 156, 157, 173;
• special companies, 151;
• kinemacolor, 151
• Advertisements, moving, 261, 262
• “After Fifty Years” (film), 324
• “Agrippina,” film, 175
• Alhambra Theatre, London, 4;
• Derby film, 116
• Allefex, sound producer, 140;
• special sounds, 141, 142
• Amateur operators, 87;
• Bettini glass plates, 306 foll.;
• Blériot’s flight film, 301;
• “Kinora” system, 302 foll.
• Ambrosio Film Company, 324
• American Biograph Company, 155
• —— Kinetoscope Company, 35
• —— Mutoscope Company, studio described, 105
• Aniline dyes, 289
• Animated advertisements, 261
• “Animated” newspapers, 277 foll.;
• circulation, 284;
• compared with printed newspaper, 285;
• effect on picture theatre, 284;
• length of film, 282
• Animated photography (see Cinematography)
• “Animated Putty” (film), 235
• Animatograph, 33 foll.;
• at Alhambra Theatre, 116
• Announcement films, 262
• Anschütz, Ottomar, 20
• Anti-firing devices (see under Fire)
• “Antony and Cleopatra,” film, 178
• Apparitions, 222–225
• Armstrong, C., 259–260
• Asquith, Right Hon. H. H. (film), 261
• Austin-Edwards Co., 50
• Automatic safety cut-off shutter, 95
• “Automobile Accident” (film), 211
• Auxetophone, 186
• Back Cloth, in trick pictures, 241, 228
• Ballistics, 276
• Barker, William, 174
• Base, definition, 25
• Baucus (American agent), 35, 49
• “Bee, The” (film), 324
• “Best Cigarette, The” (film), 261
• Bettini glass plate cinematograph, 306 foll.
• “Big Picture Play,” 169, 175, 177–178
• “Big Swallow A,” (film), 254
• Biocolor, 298
• “Black Maria” (studio), 105
• Blackton, J. Stuart, 171;
• trick pictures, 242
• Blair, roller photography, 28
• Blair Company, 29
• Blériot’s Channel flight (film), 301
• Blinking, compared with action of shutter, 320
• Blockless Motiograph, 99
• Blue-black light (in panchromatising), 294
• Blue screen, 295;
• compensation for absence, 296
• Boys, Prof. Vernon, flight of projectiles, 274
• Bull, Lucien, 264;
• experiments, 265 foll.;
• Marey Institute, 322
• Bull Camera (illus.), 269–270
• Butcher and Sons, 316
• “Cain and Abel,” film, 177
• Call-board, in theatre, 152
• Camera, 65 foll., 107;
• Bettini camera, 306 foll.;
• double camera, 319;
• electric spark apparatus, 265 foll.;
• for explorers, 73;
• preparation for exposure, 69, 70
• —— obscura, 7, 321
• Cannock, Frank, 49
• Capus (picture playwriter), 160
• Carvallo, M. J., 323
• Celluloid film, 24 foll.;
• accidental discovery, 28;
• Blair’s experiments, 28;
• development of industry, 51;
• Eastman and Walker, 26 foll.;
• effect of climate, 53;
• inflammability, 54;
• length, 55;
• manufacture, 52;
• manufacturers, 50;
• non-inflammable, 55;
• waste product, 56, 330
• Cellulose-acetate, 55
• “Cheese Mites, The” (film), 201
• Chemist:
• instantaneous photography, 2;
• colour cinematography, 292
• Chevreul’s black, 20
• “Chronicle” (animated), 278
• Chronophone, 185;
• differential gear, 188;
• Green’s apparatus, 107;
• projector, 186
• Chronophotography, 16;
• development, 322 foll.
• Cinema-à-plaque, Bettini, 306 foll.
• Cinematograph (Cinematographe), 43–49
• “Cinematograph fiend,” 11
• Cinematograph plays, 146 foll.;
• dress-rehearsal, 153;
• production, 152;
• realism, 155
• —— Theatre, 130 foll.;
• in remote districts, 132;
• development, 133;
• electrical equipment, 136
• (see also Picture Palace)
• —— Trust (American), 110;
• effect on British trade, 111
• Cinematography (or Animated Photography):—
• (1) General:
• Amateurs, 301;
• army recruiting, effect on, 317;
• action of brain in connection with, 5;
• educational value, 312 foll.;
• effect on theatre, 174;
• expansion of industry, 327;
• litigation, 110;
• optical principle explained, 90;
• scientific value (see Scientific Research);
• various uses, 316–318;
• waste in the industry, 86
• (2) History and Development:
• Instantaneous photography, 1–3;
• early attempts, 10–22;
• kinetoscope, 30–33;
• animatography, 33 foll.;
• cinematograph, 43–49;
• micro-cinematography, 161 foll.;
• in Italy, 174;
• phono-cinematography, 180;
• electric spark cinematography, 265 foll.;
• natural colour cinematography, 287 foll.;
• recent developments, 319 foll.;
• growth and popularity, 323 foll.
• Cinephone, 180
• Cines Company (see below)
• —— Societa Italiana, 175–177;
• “Life of Christ” (film), 177;
• toning, 300;
• Turin Exhibition films, 325
• “Clown and his Donkey” (film), 260
• Collins, Esmé, 107
• Collodion process, defects, 24
• Colour pictures, 287;
• “A Fire” film, 288;
• aniline dyes, 289;
• colour sensitiser, 293;
• compared with monochrome, 299;
• Coronation records, 297;
• stencil process, 288
• Colour-sensitising solution, 293
• Comandon, Dr. J., 162;
• investigations, 166
• Commutator, 182
• Composition of news film, 282
• Continuous motion, 32;
• for excessive speed, 265
• Control board of chronophone, 187
• “Coronation” film, kinemacolor, 297
• Coronation films, competition for, 119
• Cranz, Dr. C., 274
• Daguerre, exposure experiment, 1
• Daily cinematograph newspaper, prospects of, 286
• Dancing furniture, 209
• Daylight projection, 142
• Demeny, Georges, 21
• Derby film, 116, 117
• Desvignes, 16
• Detaillé, 15
• Developing apparatus, 85, 86
• —— solution, 79
• Development of pictures, 76 foll.;
• long films, 79, 80
• Diaphragm, manipulation in trick pictures, 226
• —— stop, in trick camera, 222
• “Dime Show,” 131
• Di-optic projector (see Double Projector)
• “Dissolution of the Government, The” (film), 257
• Dog-movement, 93;
• in Gaumont chrono, 100
• Donisthorpe (experimenter), 16
• Double camera, 219 foll.;
• disadvantage of, 321
• —— exposure process, 225
• —— printing, 200
• —— projector, 320 foll.
• Drying operation, 79
• Dumas, Alexandre, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 15
• Du Mont (experimenter), 16
• “Duped,” 206
• Eastman and Walker, 26
• Eastman Dry Plate Company, 26
• —— Kodak Company, 26, 50
• Ebonite disc in electric spark apparatus, 267
• Eden Musée—“Passion Play,” 106
• Edison, Thomas Alva, 29;
• educational films, 314;
• film production, 113;
• the kinetoscope, 30;
• litigation, 110;
• projector, 100;
• royalty on films, 328;
• studios, 105, 112
• Edison Company, 151;
• riot scene, 157
• Edison’s First Kinetoscope, 31
• Edison standard gauge, 57;
• drawbacks, 59
• Educational film, 312 foll.
• Election films, 257, 258
• Electrical tachyscope, 20, 21
• Electricity as illuminant, 98
• Electric spark, 268
• —— spark apparatus, 265;
• copper strips, 268
• —— spark cinematography, 265 foll.
• Electrodes, magnesium, 268
• Empire Film Mender, 138
• Empire Film Winder, 137
• “Empire” series of pictures, 316
• Empire Trick Camera, 216
• Essanay plant, 112
• Ethyl-violet, 293
• Exposure of film, 274
• Eye, as camera, 4
• Fairy, production of, 244
• “Fall of Babylon” (film), 177
• Faust, film of, 175;
• on the Vivaphone, 184
• Film, 23 foll.;
• American, 171;
• British, 328;
• European, 171;
• exposure, 274;
• firing of, 95;
• “Hepwix,” 329;
• for kineto, 305;
• length, 149;
• manipulation in trick pictures, 220;
• non-inflammable, 316;
• repair, 137;
• waste product, 56, 330;
• weekly output, 327
• —— gauge, 33, 57
• —— punch, 72
• —— tinting, 288, 289
• Film-trap, 100
• Film-winder, 137;
• illus., 77
• Financial investments, 328
• Finsbury Technical College: Theatrograph, 39
• Fire, protection against, 136;
• anti-firing devices, 95, 96;
• in Empire projector, 101
• First Moving Pictures, 14
• Fixing solution, 79
• Flashing: in trick pictures, 249
• Flicker, cause of, 7
• Flight of projectiles, 274 foll.
• “Fountain of Youth” (film), 214
• Fox, William, 145
• Free-lance producer, 160
• Fringing, 298;
• elimination, 299
• Gaevert firm, 50
• Gate, 38
• Gaumont, Léon, 184 foll.
• Gaumont Chronophone, 186
• Gaumont chrono projector, 100
• —— Company, 110;
• “Automobile Accident,” 211;
• chronophone, 185;
• Coronation films, 119, 120;
• Rob Roy, 158;
• The Little Milliner’s Dream, 231;
• The Magnetic Gentleman, 210;
• The Siren, 227;
• The Travelling Bed, 209
• Gaumont Graphic, 279;
• bi-weekly issue, 284;
• branch offices, 280;
• circulation, 282;
• Coronation number, 283
• “Gazette” (animated), 278
• Geissler tube, in Anschütz tachyscope, 21
• Gelatine, proposed use, 23
• Gelatino-bromide process, 24
• Gerome, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 15
• Glass plates, Bettini system, 306 foll.
• Goupil, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 15
• Grand Central Palace, New York, roof stage, 106
• Grand Prix film, 324
• “Graphic” (animated), 278
• Green screen, 291;
• Smith’s experiments, 295
• Greene, W. F., 17, 107;
• biocolor, 298;
• colour sensitiser, 293;
• double camera, 319;
• natural colour cinematography, 289;
• three- and two-screen systems, 295
• Greene and Evans, 22
• Harris, Sir Augustus, and the Theatrograph, 40
• Harris Safety Shutter, 96
• “Haunted Curiosity Shop, The” (film), 203
• “Haunted Hotel, The” (film), 242
• Hazelton Picture Palace, 132, 133
• “Hepwix” film, 329
• Hepworth, T. C., 98
• Hepworth Company, 151
• —— Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 329;
• Vivaphone, 182
• Himalayas, scenic films, 128
• Hollaman, Richard G., 47;
• production of Passion Play, 106
• Hove Camera Club, 107
• Iceland spar, for condenser, 268
• Illuminant, 98;
• electric spark, 265
• Imperator projector, 100
• Independent or “free-lance” producers, 160
• Insects, flight of, 270;
• apparatus for photographing (illus.), 266, 272;
• Coleoptera records, 273;
• Hymenoptera records, 272;
• scientific value, 274
• Instantaneous photography, 2;
• analysis of movement, 13
• Intermittent motion, 32;
• Lumière’s camera, 43;
• Paul’s camera, 38, 92;
• for excessive speed, 265
• International Exhibition, Turin, film competition, 324
• Interrupter, electric spark apparatus, 267
• Inventor’s fiddle, 21
• “Investiture of the Prince of Wales,” Kinemacolor, 297;
• monochrome, 120–122
• Ives, Frederick E., 287;
• Ives’s system, 299
• Jansen, Astronomer, 17
• Kalem, manufacturing firm, 171
• Kelvin, Lord, film perforation, 58
• Kinemacolor, 295 foll.;
• apparatus, 135;
• Coronation films, 297;
• “fringing,” 298;
• limitations, 297;
• picture plays, 298;
• scenic films, 125;
• stock company, 151;
• studio-theatre, 108
• “Kinemacolor Special,” 126
• Kineograph, 302
• Kineto, Ltd., 190
• Kinetograph, 179
• Kinetoscope, The, 30;
• heat absorbent, 46;
• Edison’s studio, 105
• Kinora, 302 foll.
• Kramm projector, 101
• Lantern Room (see Operating room)
• Latham, apparatus, 47
• Laurrilard, Mr., of Marble Arch Electric Theatre, and “Investiture of the Prince of Wales” film, 120
• Lee and Turner, natural colour process, 290
• “Life in the Jungle” (film), 172–174
• “Life of Christ” (film), 177
• “Life of the Butterfly, The” (film), 324
• Lilliputian figures, 231 foll.;
• explanation, 202
• “Little Milliner’s Dream, The” (film), 231–235
• “Little Sardinian Drummer, The” (film), 325
• Loew, Marcus, 144
• Lubin, of Philadelphia, 158;
• studio, 112
• Lumière and Sons, 43 foll.;
• manufacture of film, 50;
• perforation of film, 44;
• projector (illus.), 45;
• “Macbeth,” picture play, 175
• “Magic Banquet” (film), 239, 240
• Magic pictures, 207 foll.;
• explanation, 209 foll.
• “Magic Sword, The” (film), 199–201
• “Magnet, The” (film), 312
• “Magnetic Gentleman” (film), 210
• Maguire, American agent, 35, 49
• Make-up of news films, 282
• Mallez, Dr., 15
• Maltese Cross movement, 92, 101
• Marey, Dr. E. J., 17 foll., 322;
• camera, 18, 19;
• experiments, 18, 264
• Marey Institute, 322, 264
• Marey’s Camera showing Shutter with Radial Slots, 19
• Mask, of printing apparatus, 81
• Medical science and cinematography, 316;
• micro-cinematography, 161
• Meissonier, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 13, 15
• Mélies, French conjurer, 197
• Microbes, moving pictures of, 161 foll.
• Micro-cinematography, 161 foll.;
• Dr. J. Comandon, 162;
• difficulties, 163;
• experiments with blood, 166;
• magnification, 168;
• “phenomenon of agglutination,” 167;
• popular science, 190;
• shutter, 165;
• sleeping sickness, 166
• “Miracle (The),” film, 177
• Mirror, in trick pictures, 244;
• in electric spark apparatus, 267
• Monochrome cinematography, 299
• Moorhouse, A. H., 140
• Motion, records of, animal motion, 13;
• flight of insects, 273;
• flight of projectiles, 274 foll.
• —— Picture Patents Company, 327
• “Motorist, The (?)” (film), 203–205
• Moul, Mr. (of Alhambra Theatre), 41;
• picture plays, 104
• Mount: for projector, 99
• —— for sensitised emulsion, 23, 24;
• Eastman’s experiments, 27
• “Mount Etna in Eruption” (film), 315
• Movement, illusion explained, 6;
• illustrated, 8
• “Movement,” record of Marey’s experiments, 20
• Movement and sound combined, Edison, 179;
• Gaumont, 184;
• Hepworth Company, 182
• Moving picture circuits, 143
• —— Pictures: (see Cinematography)
• Mutoscope Company, 105
• Muybridge, 12–16;
• demonstration in Paris, 15;
• studio, 13
• Natural colour cinematography, 287 foll.;
• “Biocolor,” 298;
• expense, 294;
• Greene’s process, 289;
• “Kinemacolor,” 296;
• Lee and Turner, 290;
• new process, 299;
• three screens, 291;
• two screens, 295
• —— light, 290
• New Guinea, films, 128
• Newman and Sinclair Camera (illus.), 73
• Newman-Sinclair Printing Apparatus, 81
• Newman-Sinclair Reflex Moving Picture Camera, 74
• Nickel show, 131
• N.S. Film Perforator, 63
• Olympia: First picture palace, 40
• “One turn one picture” movement, 235–240;
• by Americans, 238;
• in silhouette trick films, 259
• Operating room or lantern room, 136;
• law relating to, 135
• Optical principle of the Cinematograph, 90
• Optical principle of projection with the Bettini cinema-à-plaque, 310
• “Ora Pro Nobis” (film), 202
• Oxy-hydrogen limelight as illuminant, 98
• “Panchromatic” film, 293;
• deterioration, 294
• “Panchromatism,” 293;
• process, 294
• Paper, as base, 24, 303;
• Eastman, 27
• —— negative, 303
• Parkes, A., 26
• Parkesine, 26
• Parsons, Hon. C. A., 186
• Passion Play, 106
• Pathé, Charles, 35
• Pathé Frères, 109;
• colour pictures, 288;
• development of picture play, 169;
• film, 312;
• “The Magnet,” 312;
• micro-cinematography, 163;
• projector, 101;
• village scene, 158
• Paul, Robert W., 34;
• camera, 37, 66–69;
• colour pictures, 288;
• intermittent gear, 92;
• mount for lantern, 99;
• “Ora Pro Nobis,” 202;
• “Railway Collision,” 205;
• “Scenes in Soldier’s Life,” 317;
• “The Magic Sword,” 199;
• “The Cheese Mites,” 201;
• “The (?) Motorist,” 203;
• topical films, 116 foll.;
• trick pictures, 198
• Paul’s Improved “Cross” Driving Mechanism, 94
• Peep-hole machine, 33
• “Penny gaff,” 131
• Perforating machines:
• “N-S” perforator, 63;
• Rotary perforator, 61;
• Urban-Joy, 64;
• Williamson perforator, 62
• Perforation gauge, 57;
• Edison standard, 57;
• Lumière’s, 59
• —— of film, 33;
• necessity for mathematical precision, 60;
• Lord Kelvin’s suggestion, 58;
• Lumière’s method, 44
• Phenakistoscope, 11
• Phono-cinematograph (see below)
• Phonograph, with cinematograph, 180, 181, 189
• Photographic gun, 17
• —— revolver, 17
• Picture House at Briggate, 134
• —— Palace, 144;
• effect on legitimate theatre, 326;
• British Isles, 325;
• France, 325;
• Germany, 326;
• U.S.A., 144, 326;
• facts and figures, 325 foll.
• —— plays, 103 foll.;
• development, 109 foll.;
• the “Big Picture Play,” 169 foll.;
• educational service, 174;
• financial risk, 177;
• historical subjects, 170;
• Kinemacolor, 298;
• Pathé firm, 110;
• playwright, 147;
• plots, 159;
• popular subjects, 176–177;
• religious subjects, 177;
• staging, 103 foll.;
• studio (see under Studio);
• “After Fifty Years,” 324;
• St. Francis of Assisi, 325;
• The Passion Play, 106, 169;
• “The Soldier’s Courtship,” 103
• Pinachrome, 293
• Pinacyanol, 293
• Poch, Prosper, 142
• Polar exploration films, 127
• Political films, 257
• Popular science, 190 foll.;
• films, 324
• Portraiture, cinematographic, 283
• Praxinoscope, 11;
• records, 12
• Primary colours, 290
• “Prince’s Derby,” 117
• “Princess Nicotine,” 242–253;
• illustration of staging, 245;
• trick explained, 244
• Printing, 80;
• Newman-Sinclair apparatus, 81–82;
• Williamson printer, 82–84
• Projection:
• kinetoscope, 8;
• praxinoscope, 11;
• rate of monochrome films, 6;
• colour films, 292
• Projector, 37, 88 foll.;
• for amateurs, 309, 310;
• double, 320, 135;
• driving system, 99;
• intermittent motion, 38;
• rate of projection, 6, 292;
• second lens, 99;
• shutter, 94, 95;
• “B Underwriter,” 100;
• Gaumont Chrono, 100;
• “Imperator,” 100;
• Lumière, 45
• Provincial Cinematograph Theatres, Ltd., 134
• Prozynski, 306
• “Pumpkin Race” (film), 217
• Quentin, daylight projection, 142
• Quo Vadis (film), 175–176
• Racking bellows, 255
• Rainbow screen, 142
• Realism, in picture plays, 155 foll., 172
• Red screen, 291;
• failure, 292;
• panchromatic film, 293;
• Smith’s experiments, 295
• Religious institutions and cinematography, 317
• Renter, or middleman, 178
• Reversal of action, 215
• Reynaud’s praxinoscope, 11
• Rheostat handle, 187
• Rhumkoff coil, in Anschütz tachyscope, 21
• Roller-photography, 26;
• Blair, 28
• Roosevelt, T., and cinematography, 128
• Rostand, picture plays, 160
• “Sacking of Rome” (film), 175
• Safety shutter, 95–98
• “St. Francis of Assisi” (film), 325
• Sample prints, 176
• “Samson and Delilah,” (film), 177
• Scenery (see Realism)
• Scenic films, 125–129;
• Polar exploration, 127;
• Victoria Falls, 126
• Scientific research, 161 foll.;
• electric spark cinematography, 265 foll.;
• explorations, 73, 127;
• medical science, 316
• Scott, Capt. R., 127
• Screen, 138;
• daylight projection, 142;
• in natural colour photography, 291
• Selig, William N., 172
• Selig organisation, 112;
• company, 151;
• fire-rescue film, 155;
• production of the jungle play, 172–174;
• at Los Angeles, 112;
• studio, 112;
• wardrobe, 114
• Sensitised emulsion, 2;
• in colour photography, 292
• Shackleton expedition, 127
• Shadowgraph play, 259
• Shutter, 94;
• automatic safety, 95;
• electric spark apparatus (illus.), 268, 269
• Siemens and Halske, 47
• Silent Knight, projector, 101
• Silhouette trick films, 259;
• advertisements, 261;
• in America, 259, 263;
• “The Clown and the Donkey,” 260
• “Siren, The” (film), 227
• “Ski-runner,” 240–241
• Smith, Albert, 242;
• Kinemacolor, 295 foll.
• Smith, F. Percy, 190;
• apparatus, 195;
• experiments, 191–195;
• magic film, 257
• “Soldier’s Courtship, The” (film), 104
• Soret, M. L., 20
• Sound effects, 139;
• production, 141
• —— and movement combined, 179 foll.
• South America, progress of cinematography, 145
• Spool box, 91
• Sprocket, use of, 33
• Stage, 104 (see also Studio)
• Stage properties, 204, 208;
• for “Princess Nicotine,” 246
• Stanford, Governor, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 15
• Steinheil, interest in Muybridge’s experiments, 15
• Stencil, 289
• Stereoscopic shutter (illus.), 269
• —— system, in electric spark cinematography, 268
• Stern, inventor, 22
• Stock, 294
• Stop, of lens, 199
• —— and substitution action, 212–215
• —— call, 215, 222
• Stop-motion, 201;
• method illustrated, 236
• Stop-press news, 285
• Studio for picture plays, 103 foll.;
• American Mutoscope Co., 105;
• Edison, 105, 112;
• equipment, 113;
• Kinemacolor, 108;
• Lubin, 112;
• Muybridge, 13;
• Pathé Frères, 109;
• Paul, 104;
• Selig, 112;
• Vitagraph Co., 112;
• J. A. Williamson, 107
• Submarine effects, 240
• Superprinting, 240
• Synchroniser, 182 foll.
• Synchronism, 185
• Tachyscope, electrical, 20, 21
• “Tale of Two Cities, A” (film), 171
• Talking machines, 180 foll.
• “Theatrograph,” 39
• “Three Musketeers” (film), 175
• Three-roll film, 106
• Three-screen cinematography (tricolour), 291;
• cost, 294;
• latest process, 299
• Toning, 300
• Topical pictures, 116 foll.;
• dangers, 123;
• competition, 118;
• Coronation of King George V., 119;
• East End battle with anarchists, 124;
• Investiture of Prince of Wales, 120;
• prize-fights, 122
• Transformations, 225
• “Travelling Bed, The” (film), 209
• Travelling show, 130
• Tree, Sir H. B., picture play, 174
• Treuwé, Professor, 130
• “Trial of Abraham’s Faith” (film), 177
• “Trick” camera, 222
• Trick pictures, 197 foll.;
• manipulation of film and camera, 219;
• M. Mélies, 197;
• R. Paul, 198;
• miscellaneous, 228–230, 237;
• two stages, 246;
• wires and threads, 238 foll.;
• “Animated Putty,” 235;
• “Automobile Accident,” 211;
• “Boots,” 235;
• “The Cheese Mites,” 201;
• “The Dissolution of the Government,” 257;
• “Fountain of Youth,” 214;
• “The Haunted Curiosity Shop,” 203;
• “The Haunted Hotel,” 242;
• “The Little Milliner’s Dream,” 231;
• “The Magic Carpenter’s Shop,” 238;
• “Magic Knitting Needles,” 237;
• “The Magic Sword,” 199;
• “The Magnetic Gentleman,” 210;
• “The (?) Motorist,” 203;
• “The Mysterious Banquet,” 239;
• “Princess Nicotine,” 243;
• “Railway Collision,” 205;
• “The Siren,” 227;
• “Scene at Sea,” 207;
• “The Travelling Bed,” 209;
• “The Workman’s Paradise,” 217
• Tricolour cinematography (see Three-screen cinematography)
• Tripod, for camera, 72, 73
• “Triumphant Hero (The),” (film), 175
• Tuning fork, in Bull camera, 270
• Two-colour work (see below)
• Two-screen cinematography, 295
• Tyler-Ernemann “Imperator” projector, 100
• “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (film), 156
• Union Square Theatre, New York, 144
• Urban, Charles, 48, 49
• Urban-Joy anti-firing device, 96
• Urban-Joy-Harris Anti-firing Device, 97
• Urban Trading Company, 125
• Vincent, John, 106
• Violet-rays, 268
• Violet screen, 291
• Visual persistence, 3;
• “blinking,” 321;
• in colour photography, 292;
• in monochrome, 8
• Vitagraph Company, 112;
• “Leather Stocking” stories, 159;
• “Tale of Two Cities,” 171
• Vivaphone (illus.), 182–184
• V-shaped stop, 199
• War Office and cinematography, 317
• Warwick Trading Company, 49
• West, T. J., 130
• Wheel, cylindrical, of electric spark apparatus, 265–267
• “Wheel of Life,” 10
• “White Plague” pictures, 316
• Williamson, James A., 107 foll.;
• colour picture, 288;
• “A Big Swallow,” 254–257;
• “The Workman’s Paradise,” 217
• Williamson printer, 82
• “Workman’s Paradise” (film), 217
• Wright, Wilbur, flight film, 72
• X-rays, and cinematography, 322
• Zoetrope, 10
• Zoopraxinoscope, 11
• Zoopraxiscope, 15