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Municipal housecleaning

Chapter 7: TABLES
By William Parr Capes
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About This Book

A practical manual surveys municipal methods for collecting and disposing of urban wastes—street refuse, ashes, rubbish, garbage, manure, and sewage—presenting operational practices, organization, equipment, regulations, and cost data. It describes street cleaning techniques, sewer systems and treatment options (sedimentation, septic and Imhoff tanks, filtration, chemical and biological processes, disinfection), and collection systems including districting, receptacle placement, frequency, and enforcement. Disposal technologies such as incineration, reduction, sanitary fills and land dumping are examined alongside possibilities for by-product revenue. The work also outlines public clean-up campaigns, inspection and propaganda methods, and managerial principles for improving sanitary efficiency and municipal economy.

CONTENTS

  PAGE
 
Preface vii
 
Bibliography ix
 
Introduction xix
 
CHAPTER  
 
I Street Cleaning, Elements to be Considered—Contract versus Municipal Cleaning—Spring Cleaning—Street Sprinkling—Street Cleaning Methods—Machine Sweeping—Pick-up Machines—Cleaning by Flushing—Hose Flushing—Cleaning by Squeegeeing—Disposal of Refuse—Relative Cost 3
 
II Sewage Disposal Methods, Need for Proper Disposal—Sewerage Systems—Purification of Sewage—Processes of Purification—Dilution—Screening—Grit Chambers—Straining or Roughing—Treatment in Tanks—Plain Sedimentation—Septic Process—The Imhoff Tank—Chemical Precipitation—Slate Beds—Dosing Chambers—Contact Filters—Trickling, Percolating or Sprinkling Filters—Intermittent Sand Filters—Broad Irrigation—Disinfection—Activated Sludge Process—Other Processes—Trade Wastes—Sludge Disposal and Value—Management and Supervision 71
 
III Ash and Rubbish Collection, Types of Collection Systems—Methods of Collection—Districting the City—Organization of Collection Forces—Kinds of Equipment—Location of Receptacles—Time of Collection—Frequency of Collection—Enforcement of Collection Regulations—Methods of Disposal—Revenues from By-Products—Efficiency Tests and Suggestions—Per Capita Production—Cost Data 119
 
IV Garbage Collection and Disposal, Collection Systems—Methods of Collection—House Treatment—Kinds of Equipment—Location of Receptacles—Time and Frequency of Collection—Enforcement of Collection Regulations—Cost—Per Capita Production—Feeding to Swine—Dumping on Land—Dumping in Large Bodies of Water—Disposal by Sanitary Fill—Burial—Disposal Plants—Incineration—Reduction 151
 
V Care and Disposal of Manure, Methods Used by Cities—The Columbus System—Municipal Regulations—Exceptional Regulations 203
 
VI Municipal Clean-up Campaigns, Agencies for Propaganda—Programs—Organization—Procedure—Publicity—Miscellaneous Activities—Methods—Prizes—Fire Prevention and Inspection—Sanitary Inspection—Slogans—Flies and Mosquitoes—Ordinances—Revenue from Waste—Cost—Results 213

TABLES

1. Methods and Costs of Street Cleaning in American Cities
 
2. Methods and Costs of Sewage Disposal in American Cities
 
3. Ash Disposal by Private Collection
 
4. Collection and Disposal of Ashes and Rubbish by Municipal Forces
 
5. Collection and Disposal of Ashes and Rubbish by Contract
 
7. Methods and Cost of Disposal of Garbage