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Mushrooms

Chapter 27: INDEX.
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About This Book

The book offers step-by-step, practical guidance for domestic and market mushroom cultivation, covering construction and management of cellars, mushroom houses, sheds, greenhouse and field beds, and subterranean cave culture. It details sources and preparation of manures and loam, bed making and casing, types and production of spawn, spawning techniques, temperature, watering and ventilation management, pest control, and methods to renew spent beds. The text also addresses harvesting and marketing practices and concludes with numerous culinary preparations and preservation techniques. Illustrations and comparisons of English and continental methods support growers aiming for profitable, year-round production.


INDEX.

  • Ammonia Arising, 54
  • Anguillulæ, 124
    • In Decaying Vegetation, 126
    • Scalding Water to Kill, 126
    • To Destroy, 114
  • Apparatus, Hot Water, 33
  • Atmosphere, Manure Steam for Moistening, 114
    • Remedying a too Dry, 114
  • Barn Cellars, 10
  • Bedding, Wetted with Urine, 58
  • Beds, 16
    • Alongside of Wall, 18
    • Banked Against a Wall, 53
    • Bearing in November, 25
    • Black Spot in the, 108
    • Boring Holes in, to Reduce Temperature, 76
    • Bottom of, 17
    • Box, 17
    • Casing, after Spawning, 100
    • Casing the, 104
    • Earthing Over the, 103
    • Experiments as to Proper Time to Case, 104
    • Fifteen Inches Thick, 22
    • Firmly Built, 76
    • Flat, 50
    • Flat, Sods fit only for, 107
    • Floor, 19
    • Flooring for the, 28
    • Green Sods, Method of Casing, 106
    • Killing the Mycelium in, 96
    • Loam for, 100
    • Manure, 20
    • Maximum Heat of Best, 75
    • Midwinter, 39
    • Mulching, 23
    • Mushroom, 12
    • Never Spawn, when Heat is Rising, 96
    • Odorless, in Dwelling House Cellars, 21
    • Of Low Temperature, 77
    • On the Floor, 13
    • Outside, 12
    • Parching Effect Visible on, 26
    • Picking "Fogged-off" Mushrooms from, 108
    • Rack, 13
    • Re-Invigorating Old, 120
    • Renovating Old, in England, 142
    • Ridge, 17
    • Second Crop from, 120
    • Shelf, 16, 29
    • Spawned at 66° to 70°, 97
    • Spawning and Molding, 14
    • Spawning the, 96
    • Spent Mushroom, 121
    • Stale, 76
    • Tamping Surface of, 23
    • Temperature of a Twelve Inch Thick Bed, 96
    • Ten or Twelve Inches Deep, 19
    • Tending the, 17
    • Three Feet Deep, 25
    • To Keep, Warm, 109
    • Topdressed, 23
    • Under Greenhouse Benches, To make, 53
    • Watering, 24
    • Watering the, 108
    • Watering Mushroom, 111
    • When Dry to be Watered, 111
    • Wide, With Pathway Above,* 44
    • Worn Out, 120
  • Beetles, Larvæ of Two, Destroying Mycelium, 132
  • Benches Covered, 40
  • Black Spot, 124
    • A Disease, 125
    • In Beds in Vigorous Bearing, 125
    • In New Beds, 125
    • Is Unwholesome, 126
    • To Prevent, 125
  • Boards, Stepping, 17
  • Boiler and Pipes, 32
  • Boilers, Hitching's Base-burner, 31
  • Boxing, 19
    • Lid for, 19
    • Old Carpet or Matting Over, 19
  • "Bullet" or "Shot" Holes in Mushrooms, 128
  • Bugs, Mealy, 12
  • Calico, 18
  • Caves, 17
  • Caves of Paris, In the,* 147
    • Paris, Description of, 143
    • French Spawn Used in, 146
    • Gathering Mushrooms for Market in the, 149
    • Making Beds in the, 145
    • Manure Used in the, 144
    • Material Used for and Method of Earthing Over in, 146
    • Methods of Regulating Draughts in the, 150
    • Preparation of Manure for the, 144
    • Paris, Spawn Used in the, and How Obtained, 145
    • Stratifying Spawn Before Using in the, 146
    • Temperature in Spacious, High Roofed, 147
    • Ventilation in the, 148
    • When and How Mushrooms are Gathered in the, 148
  • Ceiling, Flat, 37
    • Sloping, 36
    • Wet, 18
  • Cellar, Barn, 13
    • Cleanliness in the Mushroom, 26
    • Cool, 19
    • Cross-section of the Dosoris Mushroom,* 27
    • Dosoris Mushroom, 27
    • Divided, 30
    • Ground Plan of the Dosoris,* 28
    • Height of, 17
    • House, 13
    • Interior Arrangements of, 16
    • Mushroom, Under a Barn,* 16
    • Of Dwelling House, 18
    • Ordinary, 21
    • Outhouse, 18
    • Pent-up, 17
    • Unheated, 17
    • Vegetable, 12
    • Warm, 19
    • Wholly Devoted to Mushroom Growing, 15
  • Cellars, 10
    • Artificial Heating, 17
    • Cool, Airy, 20
    • Flat Roofed Mushroom, 18
    • Mushrooms in, 25
    • Potato, 18
    • Underground, 15, 27
  • Cistern, Large Underground, 18
  • Coal, Nut and Stove, 33
  • Cold and Vermin, 19
  • Cooking Mushrooms, 150
  • Crop, Common Average, 30
    • Gathering the, 17
    • Marketing the, 14
    • Yielding, 31
  • Crops, Capital, 17
  • Cut Flower Season, 11
  • Dirt, Roadside, 101
  • Doors, Double, 16
    • Outside, 35
    • Single, 16
  • Drip, Cold, Falling upon Beds, 36
    • Crop Suffering From, 51
    • From Benches, the Effects of, 51
    • In Commercial Greenhouses, 52
    • Plan for Warding off, 52
  • Dust and Noxious Gas, 17
  • Entrance, 16
  • Entrance Pits, 30
  • Economy, False, 37
  • Families, Private, 18
  • Farmers, 13
  • Flies, Manure, 126
    • Manure, Ill-favor of, 126
    • Manure Perfectly Harmless, 127
  • Fire, Danger of, 33
  • Flock, 132
    • How General is, 134
    • The Cause of, 133
    • The Habits and Manner of Growth of, 133
    • The Worst Mushroom Disease, 132
    • What it Looks Like, 134
    • What is, 133
  • Floor, A Dry, Necessary, 47
    • Common Earth, 47
    • Dry, 35, 39
    • Earthen, 21
  • Flooring, 29
  • Fogging Off, 106, 131
    • Favorable Conditions for, 132
    • The Cause of, 131
  • Florists, 11
  • Florists' Greenhouses, 10
  • Frame, Boxed-up with Straw Covering,* 19
    • Covered with Calico, 20
    • Covered with Oiled Paper, 20
    • Common Hotbed Box, 45
    • Preparing Beds in the, 46
    • Shading the, 47
    • Spawning in, 46
  • Frost, Hoar, 35
    • To Exclude, 40
  • Fruit Room, 12
  • Furnace, Boxed off, 17
  • Gardens, Private, 37
  • Grapery, Beds and Frames Inside the, 13
  • Greenhouse Bench, Boxed Mushroom Bed Under,* 41
  • Greenhouse Benches, Among Other Plants on, 48
  • Greenhouse Benches, On, 42
  • Greenhouse Benches, Under, 47
  • Greenhouses, Beds in Open, Airy, 53
    • Cool, 41
    • Growing Mushrooms in, 41
    • In Frames in, 44
    • Steam-heated, 48
  • Growers, Parisian, 60
  • Heat, Artificial not Absolutely Necessary, 17
    • Fire, 17
    • Parching, 17
  • Heater, Base-burning Water,* 32
    • Vertical Section,* 32
  • Heating Apparatus, 28
  • Hoe, Angular-pointed, 23
  • Hops, Spent, 68
    • Spent, Cost Nothing, 69
  • Horses, Those who Keep, 13
  • Hotbed Frames, 44
  • House, A Mushroom, 34
    • Cow, 13
    • Ground Plan of Mrs. Osborne's Mushroom,* 36
    • In Dwelling, 18
    • Interior Arrangement of Mushroom, 37
    • Interior View of Mr. Henshaw's Mushroom,* 38
    • Mr. Samuel Henshaw's, 37
    • Mushroom, Built Against North-facing Wall,* 34
    • Section of Mrs. Osborne's,* 35
  • Houses, Fruit-forcing, 12
    • Growing Mushrooms in Rose, 49
    • Lettuce, Mushrooms in, 50
    • Tomato-forcing, Mushrooms in, 49
    • Well-sheltered in Winter, 34
  • Insecticide, Common Salt as an, 113
  • Leaves, Condition of, to Heat, 68
    • Fermenting, Beds Composed of, 68
    • Oak, the Best, 67
    • Quick-rotting, 67
    • Tree, 67
  • Lettuce House, Moisture of, 10
  • Lice, Wood, 129
  • Loam and Manure, 11
    • Mixed, 72
    • Mixed, Temperature of, 77
    • Mixed, To Prepare, 73
  • Loam, Coating, 20
    • Common, for Casing, 100
    • Containing Old Manure, 101
    • Fibrous, Mellow, Best for Earthing Over, 103
    • Fresh Sod, 100
    • Heavy, Clayey, 101
    • Ordinary Field Soil, 26
    • Sod, Reasons for Use of, 73
    • Topdressing with, 107
  • Lot, Village or Suburban, 13
  • Manure, 13
    • Baled, 64
    • Cellar, 62
    • City Stable, 63
    • Common Horse, 21
    • Cow, 65
    • Cow, Necessary in Manufacture of Spawn, 66
    • Drying by Exposure, 71
    • Fermenting Fresh Horse, 24
    • "Fire-fanged," 62
    • Firmly Packed, 70
    • Flies, 124, 126
    • Fresh, 12
    • Fresher the Better, 58
    • From City Stables, 26
    • German Peat Moss Stable, 66
    • Handling, 35
    • Homemade, 60
    • Horse, 57
    • Hog, Mycelium Evades, 63
    • Liquid, 113
    • Liquid, Cow and Sheep, 113
    • Of Entire Horses, 60
    • Of Horses fed with Carrots, 61
    • Of Mules, 62
    • Preparation of the, 69
    • Preserve the Wet and Strawy Part, 60
    • Proper Condition of, 72
    • Sawdust Stable, 66
    • Selected, 63
    • Steaming Hot, 24
    • The Best, 57
    • To Prevent "fire-fang" in, 70
    • Turning the, 14, 71
    • Warm, 13
    • Well-rotted, 14
    • Without Preparatory Treatment, 22
  • Market, A Good, 25
    • Gardener, 9, 15
    • Gardening near New York, 9
  • Markets, Brooklyn, 26
    • In Winter, 10
  • Materials, Exhausted, 16
    • For Beds, Fresh, 16
    • Waste of, 17
  • Method, Mr. Denton's, 25
    • Mr. Gardner's, 21
    • Mr. Van Siclen's, 27
  • Methods, Avoiding Complicated, 21
  • Mice and Rats, 130
    • Different Kinds of, 130
    • Fond of Mushrooms, 130
  • Mice, How they Disfigure Mushrooms, 130
  • Mites not a Mushroom Pest, 130
    • The Home of, 130
    • Two Kinds of, Common, 130
  • Moisture, Condensation of, 46
  • Mold on Beds, How Deep to Put, 105
  • Money, Pin- 14
  • Mushroom, A Perfect,* 116
    • Affected with Black Spot,* 125
    • Bed Built Flat on the Ground,* 52
    • Bed Five Feet Wide, Profit from, 12
    • Bed, Rigid,* 53
    • Beds, 11
    • Beds in England, How made, 137
    • Beds, Making up the, 74
    • Beds, Manure-fatted Loam in, 26
    • Beds, Manure for, 57
    • Beds, Mr. Wilson's,* 51
    • Beds on Greenhouse Benches, Objection to, 42
    • Beds, Sites for Around London, 137
    • Cellar, Perspective View of the Dosoris,* 58
    • Crop, 13
    • Flock-Diseased,* 133
    • Food, 24
    • Growing in the Paris Caves, 143
    • Growing Out of Doors a Specialty, 136
    • Growing, Profit of, Around London, 136
    • Growing, Success in, 12
    • House, A Regular, 12
    • House, Best Kind of, 11
    • House, Cellar Everybody's, 15
    • House, Damping Floors of, 115
    • Houses, Cleaning the, 135
    • Houses, Growing Mushrooms in, 34
    • Houses, Ideal, 15
    • Houses, Whitewashing, 135
    • Season Closed, 31
    • Spawn, 78
    • The "Horse," 48
    • A Winter Crop, 14
    • Advantages of Pulling over Cutting, 117
    • After a Dry Summer, 55
    • And Grapevines, 13
    • Black Spot in, 124
    • Cause of Black Spot in, 124
    • English, 115
    • Filling Stump Holes with Fresh Loam, 117
    • Five Inch Diameter before Expanding, 47
    • For Family Use, 13
    • For Soups, When to Pick, 116
    • Fresh, 12
    • From Natural Spawn, 48
    • From October Until May, 30
    • Gathering and Marketing, 115
    • Gathering Field and Wild, 118
    • Gathering in Cold Weather, 140
    • Good, 19
    • Growing in Cellars, 15
    • Growing in Fields, 54
    • Growing, in Narrow Troughs, 59
    • Growing in Ridges Around London, 136
    • Growing in Sawdust, 67
    • Grown on Greenhouse Benches,* 43
    • Growth of from Spawning under Different Temperatures, 110
    • Head Room, 19
    • Importance of Care in Gathering and Packing for Shipment, 119
    • In August and September, 56
    • In Crates and Baskets, 118
    • In the Fields, Plan of Growing, 55
    • Insect and Other Enemies of, 122
    • Knack in Pulling, 117
    • Maggots in, 122, 124
    • "Maggots" in, appear in April, 123
    • Maggots, Size of, in, 123
    • Marketed in Paper Boxes, 118
    • Marketing, 118
    • Not a Bulky Crop, 11
    • On Greenhouse Bench Under Tomatoes, 45
    • Packed in Punnets for London Market, 119
    • Picking so as not to Disturb Buttons, 117
    • "Pin-Head," 107
    • Profit on, Clear Gain, 51
    • Proper Manner of Picking, 116
    • Pulled, Keeping Qualities of, 117
    • Scooping Out the Stumps, 117
    • Sold by the Pound, 118
    • Sorting and Packing for Market, in England, 141
    • Summer Crops of, 123
    • Under the Benches, 11
    • When Fit to Pick, 115
    • Who Should Grow, 9
    • Wild, 55
  • Mulching, When to Remove, 42
  • Mycelium, Liquid to Encourage Spread of, 77
  • Odor, Bad, 20
  • Outbuildings, 12
  • Paper, Building, 52
    • Oiled, 18
  • Passage-ways, 18
  • Pathways, 16
  • Peat Moss, Bale of German, 66
  • Pipes, Heating, 17
    • Hot, Injury from, 48
    • Hot Water, 23
    • Sheet Iron, 27
    • Smoke, 33
  • Private Gardeners, 12
  • Rats, More Destructive than Mice, 131
  • Recipes for Cooking and Preserving Mushrooms, 150
    • A la Casse, Tout, 157
    • A la Crême, 154
    • Baked, 152, 156
    • Broiled, 154, 156
    • Broiled Beefsteak and, 158
    • Cooked, General Directions for Serving, 152
    • Cooking, 150
    • Cooking, General Preparation of, for, 151
    • Curried, 154
    • Dried, 160
    • Gilbert's Breakfast, 156
    • Ketchup, 160, 161, 162
    • Kind of, to Select for, 150
    • Pickled, 162
    • Potted, 155
    • Powder, 159
    • Soup, 154
    • Soyer's Breakfast, 153
    • Stems, 155
    • Stewed, 153, 157
    • To Dry, 159
    • To Preserve, 158
  • Ridges, 17
    • Casing the, 139
    • Covering the, 140
    • Covering with Litter, 139
    • Drenching Rains Injurious to, 139
    • First made in August, 140
    • For Growing Mushrooms in Open Field, 138
    • Method of Gathering Mushrooms from, 141
    • Smoothing the, 139
    • The Covered,* 140
    • Watering the, 139
  • Roof, 35
  • Roofs water-tight, 39
    • Of Tin, 38
    • With Coating of Salt Hay, 38
  • Salad Plants, 10
  • Sashes, 46
  • Secret, No, 14
  • Shading on Sunny Days, 42
  • Shaft, Chimney-like, 16
  • Shaft, Tall, Wooden, 28
  • Shed, Open on South Side, 39
    • Potting, 12
    • Warm Potting, 40
    • The Term Applied, 40
    • Tool, 12
    • Wood, 12
  • Sheds, Growing Mushrooms in, 39
    • Unheated, 40
  • Shelves, Temporary Structures, 25
  • Shutters, Light Wooden, 53
  • Slugs, 127
    • Attack Mushrooms in all Stages, 127
    • Biting into Stems of Mushrooms, 127
    • Fond of Mushrooms, 127
    • How to Catch and Kill, 128
    • Salt Distasteful to, 128
    • The Cause of "Bullet" or "Shot" Holes, 128
  • Soil, Conditions of for Casing, 105
    • Firming the, 106
    • From Slopes and Dry Hollows in Woods, 101
    • Ordinary Garden, 101
    • Peat, or Swamp Muck, 101
    • Sandy, 101
    • Sifting, for Casing, 105
  • Southern States, 10
  • Spawn, 13
    • American-made, 86
    • Amount of Imported, 80
    • Another Method by Lachaume, 94
    • Black Colored to be Avoided, 86
    • Breaking, 23
    • Brick,* 80
    • Brick, Cut in Pieces for Planting,* 97
    • Brick, How to Make, 87
    • Brick, the Best, 95
    • Depth to Plant, 98
    • Effect of Heat and Moisture Upon, 83
    • Effect of Severe Frost Upon, 83
    • English, 81
    • English Brick, 23
    • Flake, 82, 99
    • Flake, Does Best under Cover, 95
    • Flake or French,* 82
    • French, 82
    • French Flake, 24
    • Homemade Around London, 137
    • How to Distinguish Good from Poor, 84
    • How to Get, 79
    • How to Keep, 83
    • How to make French (Flake), 91
    • Imported from Europe, 79
    • In Leaf Beds, 68
    • In Manure, Do not Bury, 10
    • Inserting French or Flake, 98
    • Inserting more than Three Inches Deep, 105
    • Insuring Development of, 49
    • Lachaume's Method of Making, 93
    • Making, Distinct Branch, 87
    • Making French Virgin, 92
    • Mill-track, 81
    • Mr. J. Burton's Method of Making, 90
    • Natural, 81
    • New Versus Old, 83
    • Never use Dibber in Planting, 98
    • Other Recipes for Making, 89
    • Planting of in Open Fields, 54
    • Preparing the, 97
    • Principal American Growers of, 86
    • Relative Merits of Flake and Brick, 94
    • Signs of Sterility in, 85
    • Simplest Way of Making, 88
    • Steeped, 99
    • The Way in which it Comes, 81
    • To tell Quality by Smell of, 85
    • Transplanting Pieces of Working, 99
    • "Very Dead," 84
    • "Very Living," 84
    • Virgin, 82, 91
    • What is Mushroom, 78
    • Where Obtained, 79
  • Spiders, Red, 12
  • Spores, Myriads of, 78
  • Spurious Fungi, 102
  • Stable, Empty Stall in Horse, 13
  • Staging, Erecting Temporary, 46
  • Stairway, 16
    • In Pit, 32
  • Standard Crop, 9
  • Stoke-hole, 12
  • Stove, Common Iron, 26
  • Straw, Rye, 47
  • Sunlight, Protection from, 10
  • Temperature, 10
    • At Night, 41
    • About 57° Suitable, 23
    • Fluctuations of, 15
    • From 50° to 60°, 18
    • High, 19
    • In Dosoris Cellars, 109
    • In Midwinter, 33
    • Low, 15
    • Proper, 75, 109
    • Sudden Changes to be Avoided, 47
    • Too High, Guard Against, 76
    • Winter, 60° Necessary, 38
  • Thrips, 12
  • Toads, 131
    • Not to be Recommended, 131
    • Upheaving Clumps of Mushrooms, 131
  • Toadstools, 102
    • On Hotbeds, 102
    • On Manure Piles, 102
  • Trapping Rats and Mice, 131
  • Traps for Wood Lice, 129
  • Tunnel, Subterranean, 27
  • Ventilation, Assisting, 17
  • Ventilator, Chimney-like, 22
  • Ventilators, 16, 28
    • Side Window, 35
    • Window and Doors, 21
  • Village People and Suburban Residents, 13
  • Wall, Cold, not Injurious, 30
  • Walls, 35
  • Warmth, Artificial, 17
    • Steady, 17
  • Water, Manure, for Beds in Full Bearing, 112
    • Space and Double Casing, 32
  • Watering, Endeavor to Lessen Necessity of, 111
    • For, use Clean, Soft Water, 111
    • Over Mulching, 111
    • Pot, Size to use, 112
  • Wife, Farmer's, 14
  • Windows, 16
  • Winds, Piercing, and Draughts, 39
  • Women Searching for Remunerative Employment, 14
  • Wood Lice, 129
    • Abundant in Mushroom Houses, 129
    • Eating Potato, 129
    • How to Trap, 129
  • Work, Clean, 14