My experiments with volcanoes

A

• aa, 54, 67, 78, 104, 121, 124, 125, 129, 148, 174
• Abbot, 159
• Absaroka Range, 8
• Adak Harbor, 141
• Adams, C. E., 110
• Africa, 181, 182
• Agassiz, Alexander, 20, 25, 55, 65, 72, 164
• Agassiz Museum, 17, 19
• Aghileen Pinnacles, 140
• Agricultural Experiment Station, Kodiak, 138
• Agua cone, 81
• Akutan Island, 154
• Alaska, 30–31, 55, 72–75, 81, 82, 84, 110, 114, 117, 127, 137–145, 154, 169, 172, 173, 183
• — expeditions to, 55, 72–75, 84, 138
• Alaska Commercial Company, 141
• Albatross (ship), 170
• Aleutian arc, 82
• Aleutian eruptions, 169
• Aleutian Geographical Observatory, 142
• Aleutian Islands, 55, 75, 84, 110, 114, 127, 137–145, 154, 172, 173
• — expeditions to, 55, 72–75, 84, 138
• Aleutian trench, 31
• Alfaro, Anastasio, 79
• Algonkian, 28
• Allen, E. H., 12, 112, 115, 129
• Alps, the, 103, 116
• Alyea, Hubert, 5
• Amazon River, 82
• Amchitka Island, 141
• Amerada Company, 112
• American Journal of Science, 113
• American Museum, 56
• American Relief Committee, 63
• amphibian vehicles, 74, 138, 142–143, 168
• Anderson, C. A., 137
• Anderson, J., 111
• Anderson, Tempest, xii, 65, 71, 76, 84
• Anderson, the cook, 8
• Andes, the, 78, 82, 116, 181
• Andrews, E. C., 112
• Angaha, 147–149
• Antigua, 157
• Appalachian basin, 50, 52
• Appalachian Mountains, 18, 46–49, 51–52, 116
• Archean granites, 8
• Arizona, 25–28
• arrowroot, 160
• Asama Volcano, 78, 107–108
• Asama-Bandai system, 108
• Ascutney Mountain, 7, 40, 53
• Asia, mountain ranges of, 117
• Aso Volcano, 108
• astronomy, 6, 30, 147–150, 172–173, 184–185
• Atka, 72, 75
• Atlantic Ocean, 53, 170
• — deeps of, 53
• Attu, 140–141
• Auckland, 109–110
• Audubon, J. J., 3, 4
• Australia, 132, 163
• — science congress in, 132

B

• Bad Lands of South Dakota, 23, 24, 37–38
• Baker, Ruth, 155, 168, 169
• Baker Island, 135–136
• Baldwin, R. G., 172
• Ballard, Stanley S., 173
• Ballou, Howard M., 91
• Bandai Volcano, 42–43, 45, 106–108, 110
• Barbados, 61–62, 158, 160
• Barnard, Mr. and Mrs., 159
• Barrios, 81
• Barton, G., 18
• Bartrum, J. A., 110
• Barus, Carl, 54
• bat, giant, 149
• Bay of Plenty, 110
• bear hunts, 72, 139–140, 143
• Beecher, C., 19
• Belcher, ...., 156
• Belize, 79
• Bellingham, Wash., 143–144
• Bergen, 12
• Bergson, H., xii
• Bering Sea, 74, 140
• Berkshire Hills, 46
• Bermel, Colonel, 156
• Bermuda, 161
• Bernhardt, Sarah, 5
• Berry, Robert, 56
• Bethe, H. A., 185
• Big Horn expedition, 8
• Bingham, Hiram, 147
• Bird, Isabella, 91
• birds, 135, 141, 148–149
• — gannets, 135
• — goonies, 135
• — malau, 148–149
• — man-of-war, 135
• — murres, 141
• — terns, 135
• Birdseye, Claude H., 89, 111, 129–130
• Bishop Estate, 89
• Bishop Museum, 135
• Black Forest, 14
• Black Growler, 10
• Black Hills, xii, 21, 22, 23–25, 28, 46–47, 78
• — surveys of (1898, 1899), 23–25
• Bloch, C. C., 168
• Blue Beard’s Castle, 157
• Blue Hill, Mass., 77
• Bluff, the, 134
• Bogoslof, 74, 75, 78, 110, 140–141
• — eruption of 1907, 75, 141
• Bohemia, 14
• Boiling Lake, 11
• boiling lake, 80
• boiling springs, 40, 42
• bombing of Mauna Loa, 153–154, 161
• Bonin Islands, 109
• Boscotrecase, 65–68
• Boshu Peninsula, 133
• Boston, 16–17, 19, 37, 43, 56, 77, 85, 91, 161
• — mapping of, 16–17
• Bottoms, the, 157
• Boulder Dam, 169
• Boutwell, John Mason, 21–22, 24
• Bowie, William, 112
• Boynton, H. C., 19, 168, 172
• Boyrie, W., 142
• Bradford, Alex, 138, 142
• Bradshaw Mountains, 25–28
• Brazil, 40
• Brigg, J. J., 65
• Brigham, W. T., 91, 164
• Bright Angel fault, 30
• Bristol Bay, 140
• Brock, R. W., 14
• Brontotherium, 24
• Brooklyn, 56
• Brooks, Alfred, 18
• Brown, E. W., 100
• Brown, William Garrott, 20
• Brun, Albert, 88, 92
• Brush, G. J., 21
• Bucher, W., 181
• Bund, Yokohama, 132
• Burkland, Albert, 89, 111, 129

C

• Cache Creek, 11
• California, 39, 89, 103, 110, 111–113, 114–116, 136–137, 154
• — University of, 89, 137
• — volcanoes, 136
• California Institute of Technology, 111
• Calumet and Hecla, copper company, 72
• Camiquin Island, 76
• Cambrian, 6, 9, 22, 23, 28
• — fossils, 22
• — shales and limestones, 23
• Cambridge, Mass., 164
• Campbell, Archibald, 163
• Canada, 6, 136, 182
• Canadian Rockies, 23
• Canary Islands, 131
• Canna (arrowroot), 160
• Canoe Bay, 142
• Cape Nome, 141
• Carib cones, 71
• Caribbean Sea, 79, 117, 157, 183
• — expeditions to, 55
• — islands of, 55–65, 67, 76, 108
• Carribee line, 66
• Carisso (ship), 150
• Carnegie, Andrew, 184
• Carnegie Institution, 78, 86, 90, 111, 112
• — Geophysical Laboratory of, 76, 86, 111
• Carnegie Palace, Costa Rica, 79
• Cartago earthquake of 1910, 78–84
• Cartago expedition, 84
• Cartwright, Bruce, 135
• Cascade Mountains, xii, 82, 136
• catastrophes, 55–84, 103–106, 132–134, 156
• Catskills, 43
• Central America, 55, 78–84
• — expedition to, 55
• Chadron Formation, 22
• Chain of Craters, 118, 125, 154–155
• Challenger (ship), 170
• Charleston, 43, 45, 103
• — earthquake, 43, 45
• Charlotte Amalie, 157
• Chateau Belair, W. I., 59, 61, 159
• Chernofski village, 141
• Cherry Island, 103
• Chicago, 72
• Chicago Natural History Museum, 24
• Chilean coastal plain, 82
• Chilton, C., 112
• China, rivers of, 41
• Chourré, ...., 122
• Christchurch College, 110
• Christiansand, Norway, 12
• Christophersen, Erling, 135
• Chugul, 141
• Church, Dr., 57
• Cincinnati, 53
• Cincinnati arch, 50
• clams, 135
• Clark, W. O., 111
• Clive, ...., 11
• Coal Measures, 28
• Coan, Titus, 91
• Coast Survey, 137, 170
• — station at Sitka, 137
• Cody, Frank, 73, 123
• Colby, F. T., 72–73
• Collins, George, 135
• Colorado, 28, 169, 173
• Colorado River, 26, 38
• Comstock Lode, 18
• Congresses, 12, 112, 132, 134
• — Australia Science, 132
• — Hawaii, 112
• — Japan, 134
• — London Geography, 12
• — Pacific Science, 112, 134
• — Zurich Geological, 12
• Connecticut River, 7
• Constitution, U. S., 182
• continental divide, 36
• continental mediterranean sea, 22, 53
• continental volcanoes, 181
• Cook Channel, 109
• Cook Strait, 110
• Cooke, C. Montague, 135
• Cooke, Joshiah, 5
• copra, 148–149
• coral islets, 135
• Cordillera, 21, 49, 67, 78–84, 137, 177
• Cosequina, 80
• cosmology, 185–186
• Costa Rica, 55, 79, 80, 108
• — earthquake, 55
• — rocky mountains of, 55
• Costa Rica-Mexico line, 108
• Cotton, C. A., 110
• crabs, 149
• Cramton, Louis C., 114, 136, 162
• Crandall Creek mining claim, 8
• crater lake, 80
• Crawford, David L., 162
• Croney, J. E., 63
• Crooks Canyon, 26
• Crooks Complex, 26–27
• Crosby, W. O., 18, 72
• cross-country cars, 131–132, 138
• Crusoe, Robinson, 120
• Culebra Cut, 82
• Curtis, G. C., 56, 59, 159
• Curzon, G. N., 12
• Custer, G. A., 8

D

• Daly, R. A., 7, 9, 18, 92, 177–181
• Dana, Edward, 113
• Dana, James D., 21, 91, 113, 116, 164
• Darton, N. H., 21, 22
• Darwin, C. R., 6
• Darwin, George, 4, 32
• Daubrée, A., 16, 30
• Davis, W. M., 7, 16, 40, 165
• Day, A. L., 12, 86, 92, 112, 115, 124
• De Candolle, C., 4, 35
• de Vis-Norton, L. W., 111
• Deadwood, 23–25
• Dean, Arthur L., 162
• Death Gulch, 11–12
• deformation, 32, 76
• deltas, leaf, 43
• Denmark, 12
• Denver, 169, 173
• Devil’s Tower, 23, 25
• Diamond Head, 122
• Dillingham, Walter F., 114
• disasters, 55–84, 103–106, 111, 132–134, 156
• Dixie (ship), 56–59
• Dodge, Francis, 90
• Doelter, C., 16, 53
• Dominica, 11, 66, 158
• Dominion Museum, 109
• Dorsey, E. W., 43
• Dranga, Ted, 135–136
• Drexel Institute, 73
• Dunedin, 109–110
• Dutch Harbor, 72, 74, 141, 144
• Dutton, C. E., 7, 29–30, 48, 116

E

• Eakle, A. S., 72–74
• Earhart, Amelia, 125
• earth core, 185
• earth crust theory, 115–117
• earthquake centers, 169
• earthquake frequency, 131
• earthquakes, 30–31, 45, 55–84, 92, 103–106, 111, 114, 132–134, 137, 145–147, 154–165, 168–169
• — Cartago, 80
• — Charleston, 43, 45
• — Costa Rica, 55
• — Hawaii, 145–147
• — Kapoho, 154, 165
• — Kingston, 83–84
• — Messina, 55, 71
• — Montserrat, 156–161
• — Napier, 45, 111
• — Sakurajima, 103–106
• — San Francisco, xii, 45, 55, 134, 137
• — Tokyo, 103, 114, 132–134, 168
• — Valparaiso, 55
• — Yakutat Bay, 30–31, 37, 45
• East Indies, 170
• Eastman Kodak Company, 91
• eclipse of sun, 147–150
• Ecuador, 78
• Eddington, A. A., 5, 184–185
• Eddy, Johnny, 62
• Eggleston, Julius W., 17
• Einstein, Albert, 5
• “elevation craters”, 131
• Eliot, C. W., 18, 55, 63
• Emden (ship), 140
• Emerson, Oliver, 54, 100, 123, 129
• Emmons, Delos C., 153
• Emmons, Samuel Franklin, xi, 21, 22
• English, T. S., 158
• English Channel, 34
• English strata, 21
• Eocene Tertiary, 46
• erosion, 10, 30, 32, 38, 43, 48, 76
• — model, 43
• eruption cycles, 166–167
• eruption index, 77
• eruptions, 32, 45, 55–84, 120–125, 130–131, 169, 173–176
• — Alaska, 75, 141, 169
• — Halemaumau, 120–124, 130–131
• — Irazu, 79–80
• — Mauna Loa, 125, 173–176
• — Lassen, 136
• — Pelée, 45, 56–65, 71
• — Tarumai, 77–78
• — Vesuvius, 65–72
• Europe, mountain ranges of, 117
• Europe, study in, 12–16
• evolution, 6, 116, 186
• — theory of, 6
• Ewing, M., 184
• expeditions, 55–84, 103–111, 114, 132–150, 154–161
• — Alaska, 55, 72–75, 84, 114, 138, 143, 154
• — Cartago, 84
• — Howland and Baker, 135–136
• — Japan, 55, 77–78, 84, 104–109, 114, 132–134
• — Kilauea-Tarumai, 84
• — Martinique, 55–65, 156–161
• — Montserrat, 161
• — New Zealand, 103, 109–111
• — Niuafoou, 114, 147–150
• — Pelée-Soufrière, 55–65, 84, 156–161
• — Tokyo, 114
• — Vesuvius, 55, 65–72, 84
• experiments, 4–5, 17, 32–54, 76, 78, 85–113, 125–132, 138, 142–143, 154–156, 168, 171–173, 176–177, 182–186
• — field, 76, 85–113
• — laboratory, 4–5, 32–54, 168, 171–172