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My experiments with volcanoes

Chapter 2: ILLUSTRATIONS
By Thomas Augustus Jaggar
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About This Book

The memoir recounts the author's six decades of field experiments and observations on active volcanoes, describing the foundation and operation of a dedicated observatory, expeditions to volcanic regions worldwide, and the development of instruments and photographic techniques to study lava lakes, eruptions, and seismic activity. It traces the evolution of methods from early experimental geology to systematic monitoring, discusses collaborations and practical efforts to protect communities, and reflects on theoretical implications for Earth's internal processes. Illustrated with photographs and charts, it combines personal recollection, technical description of experiments and instruments, and reflections on scientific discovery and public service.

ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING PAGE
Thomas A. Jaggar Frontis
1. Experimental Geology Laboratory, Harvard University, 1900 40
2. Fountain at edge of lava lake, May 17, 1917 41
3. Explosion cloud rising from Halemaumau, May 13, 1924 56
4. Crag in lava lake, January 23, 1918 57
5. Scientists of Technical Expedition to Aleutians, 1907 72
6. Captain George Seeley of the Lydia, 1907 73
7. Volcano House from Observatory, 1913 88
8. Island in Halemaumau lava lake, 1911 88
9. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 1912 89
10. Jaggar in seismograph vault beneath Observatory, 1916 89
11. Lava lake, showing bench, March 30, 1917 92
12. Halemaumau, showing lava lake and crags, December 8, 1916 92
13. Jaggar holding pipe for sounding lava lake, 1917 93
14. River of Alika flow, Mauna Loa, October 6, 1917 100
15. Lava streaming into a sinkhole in Halemaumau lava lake, July 7, 1917 100
16. Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, 1914 101
17. Fountain in lava lake, March 19, 1921 101
18. Isabel and Tom Jaggar in woods on Kilauea Volcano, 1923 120
19. Lava lake, fountains, and crags, March 20, 1921 121
20. Footprints in ash west of Mauna Iki 121
21. The Honukai on Alaska beach, 1928 136
22. The Ohiki, first amphibian truck, 1928 136
23. Lava flow entering village of Hoopuloa, 1926 137
24. Lava flow of 1926 Mauna Loa eruption approaching Hoopuloa 137
25. Jaggar in office of Observatory in “Tin House,” 1937 152
26. Bomb bursting on lava flow, December 27, 1935 153
27. Fountain in Halemaumau lava lake, May 23, 1917 168
28. Rare dome fountain, Kilauea Crater, March 20, 1921 169
29. Lava stream near rim of Halemaumau, February 9, 1921 169
CHARTS
Fluctuations of Halemaumau 113
Diagram of hypothetical globe section 179