M
Ma T’ien-jung. His fox-friend and his marriage, 372 sq.
Ma Yüan-shuai. Generalissimo Ma, a three-eyed monster, 207
Ma-t’ou Niang. ‘Lady with the Horse’s Head,’ See Ts’an Nü
Magic. Gourd, 347; rope, 348; circle, 357–358; Fire-quenching Fan, 359 sq.
Magicians. T’u Hsing-sun, 147; Chü Liu-sun, 147; Kuo P’o, 223; Yang Jên, 242; Yeh Fa-shan, 294–295
Mahayanistic Buddhism, 118
Maitrêya. Mi-lo Fo; the successor of Shâkyamuni, 120
Manchu-s. Extent of China at time of conquest by, 18; conquer China, 28; symbol of dragon on flag, 28
Manchuria. As part of China, 27
Maniac’s Mite. Legend of the, 401–402
Mao Êrh-chieh. Chu Pa-chieh and, 335
Marriage, 22 sq.; concubinage, 22–23; age for, 23; matchmaker or go-between, 23; divorce, 23; remarriage, 23–24; changes in ceremonial of, 24–25; object of, 24; of the gods, 99; of the River-god, 225 sq.
Maruta. Vedic storm-demons, 198
Measures, Weights and, 49
Medicine. Primitive knowledge of, 55–56; Ministry of, 246–247; Gods of, 247–248
Mên Shên. Gods of the Door, 165, 172 sq.; legend of, 172 sq.; Shên Shu and Yû Lû as, 173; Ch’in Shu-pao and Hu Ching-tê as, 173–174; Wei Chêng and, 174
Mencius, Mêng K’o, or Mêng Tzŭ. Teacher and philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and the First Cause, 90
Mêng K’o. See Mencius
Mêng Tzŭ. See Mencius
Merchants. Shang; the fourth class of the people, 28
Mercy, Goddess of. See Kuan Yin and Miao Shan
Mi-lo. A river; Ch’ü Yüan drowns himself in, 152
Mi-lo Fo. Maitrêya; the successor of Shâkyamuni, 120
Miao. Creation legends of the, 406 sq.; legend of the tailed tribes, 422 n.
Miao Chi. A Taoist priest; and T’ai I, 142–143
Miao Ch’ing. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Chao K’uei, 258; canonized, 286
Miao Chuang, or P’o Chia. First name Lo Yü; kinglet of Hsi Yü, 253; Hsing Lin kingdom of, 253; Chao Chên minister to, 253; Ch’u Chieh general to, 253; Pao Tê (Po Ya) Queen of, 253; prays for a son, 253–254; birth of daughters to, 256–257; exiles Miao Shan, 260; orders destruction of the Nunnery of the White Bird, 264; orders death of Miao Shan, 265 sq.; is punished for burning the nunnery, 274 sq.; is healed by Miao Shan, 276 sq.; conspiracy against, 277 sq.; goes to Hsiang Shan, 283; his repentance, 284 sq.; canonized, 287
Miao Shan, Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; her ambition, 257–258; her renunciation, 258 sq.; at the Nunnery of the White Bird, 261 sq.; worships Buddha, 262; receives spiritual aid, 262–263; saves the nunnery, 264; her execution ordered, 265 sq.; visits the infernal regions, 267–268; makes Hell a paradise, 268; her virtue is tested, 269; and Ju Lai, 269–270; attains to perfection, 271; becomes a Buddha, 271, 286; and Shan Ts’ai, 271 sq.; tests Shan Ts’ai’s fidelity, 272–273; sends help to son of Lung Wang, 273–274; disguises herself as a priest-doctor, 275 sq.; suffers in order that her father may be cured, 277, 279 sq.; defeats conspiracy of the King’s sons-in-law, 278–279. See also Kuan Yin
Miao Yin. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Ho Fêng, 258; canonized, 286
Mid-autumn Festival (All Souls’-Day), 35, 44–45
Middle Kingdom. A term for the Chinese Empire, 29
Middle Spirit Festival, 44
Military System. In primitive times, 32–33; in relation to the ruler, 33; weapons, 33; standing armies, 33; changes in, 33–34
Ministry-ies. Of Agriculture, 50–51; celestial, 164, 198–199; of Epidemics, 240–241; of Exorcism, 248; of Fire, 236; of Medicine, 246–247; of Smallpox, 246–247; of Thunder and Storms, 198; of Time, 194; of Waters, 212
Ming Huang. Emperor; and Hsü Hao, 249–250
Mo Ti. See Mo Tzŭ
Mo Tzŭ, Mu Tzŭ, or Mo Ti A philosopher; and creation, 89–90; apotheosized, 148
Mo-li. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven, 120 sq.
Mohammedans. Represented in Chinese Republican flag, 28
Monarchical Period. Duration of, 18; marriage in, 24; establishment of, 27; administrative system in, 29; appointment to Page 443office in, 29; funeral rites in, 40–41
Mongolia. A dependency of China, 27
Mongols. Their rule over China, 21
Monism. Transition to, from dualism, 85–86; Chu Hsi and, 86–87; Lao Tzŭ and, 87–88
Monkey. Becomes a god, 325 sq.
Moon. P’an Ku and the, 77–78; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; hare in the, 176, 179; worship of the, 176; Shên I visits the, 187–188
Moon-queen. See Ch’ang Ô
Mother. The Earth-mother, 82, 109–110, 165; Golden, of the Tortoise, 136; Bushel—see Tou Mu; of Heaven, 150; Old, of the Waters, 220 sq.
Mountain-s. Sacrifices offered on T’ai Shan, 127; ‘the Five,’ Wu Yüeh, 242; Hua Shan, sacred, 253; monkey under the, 345–346
Mourning. Methods of, 40
Mu Kung, Tung Wang Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-chün. God of the Immortals, 136; how formed, 136; and yang principle, 136; sovereign of the Eastern Air, 136–137; his servants, Hsien T’ung and Yü Nü, 136; and Shên I, 185–186. See also Tung Wang Kung
Mu Tzŭ. See Mo Tzŭ
Mu-cha. See Li Mu-cha
Mulberry-trees. Goddess of, 169
Mutilations. Practised by the Chinese, 38–39
Mythology, 60 sq.; definition of, 60; Chinese rigidity and, 61, 63–64; intellect and, 61; effect of Confucianism on, 61–62; influence of religion on, 62–63; effect of Buddhism on, 62–63; history and, 63; character of Chinese, 67–68, 423; sources of Chinese, 69 sq.; doubt and, 73–74; legend and, 74–75; parallelisms between Chinese and Hebrew, 79 n.; cosmogony and, 92
Myth-s. Prerequisites to, 64 sq.; periods fertile in, 68–69; phases of, 71 sq.; Sung philosophers and, 73; a nature myth, 133; myths of the stars, 176 sq.; of time, 194 sq.; of thunder, 198 sq.; of lightning, 203–204; of wind, 204–205; of rain, 205 sq.; of the waters, 208; of fire, 236 sq.; of epidemics, medicine, exorcism, etc., 240 sq.; effect of philosophy on, 423
N
Nagas. Mountain dragons, 208
Nails. See Finger-nails
Nameless. Universe originated from, 91
“Nan K’o Mêng.” Dream of the South Branch; story of, 410 sq.
Nan-chi Hsien-wêng. Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 154; helps Chiang Tzŭ-ya against Shên Kung-pao, 156–157; orders White Crane Youth to seize Shên Kung-pao’s head, 156; has it restored, 157; reproves Shên Kung-pao, 157; fights with Chang Shao, 158–159
Nature Myth. Yü Huang and a, 133
Navy. Modern Chinese, 34
Neptune, The Chinese. See Dragon-king-s
New Territory. See Sinkiang
New Year. Festival of, 43
New Year’s Eve. Festival of, 45
Niang-tzŭ. And the origin of the Liang-ti Lake, 405–406
Niu Huang. Ox-yellow, or bezoar, 146
No-cha. See Li No-cha
North Star. Goddess of the—see Tou Mu
Nü. First woman, 82
Nü Hsi. See Nü Kua
Nü Kua Shih, Nü Hsi, or Nü Wa. A mythical sovereign, one of the alleged progenitors of the Chinese race; sister and successor of Fu Hsi, 16, 81–82; repairer of the heavens, 72, 81–82, 224–225; description of, 81; Nü and Kua legend, 82
Nü Wa. See Nü Kua
Nung. The Agriculturists; the second class of the people, 28 Page 544
O
Ô-Mei Shan. Mountain in Saŭ-ch’uan, 171, 179, 180
O-mi-t’o Fo. Amida, Amita, Buddha; the guide who conducts to the Western Paradise, 120
Oath in the Peach-orchard, The, 114 sq.
Officers. Shih; the first class of the people in early times, 28
Officials. Ch’ên; a social division, 28
One, The Great. First of the celestial spirits, 142–143
One-eyed People, 389
One-legged Bird, 206
One-legged People, 389
One-sided People, 389
Origin-s. Of the Chinese race, 13 sq.; of name China, 27; of worship, 93; of deification, 93; of T’ien, 94; the Three Origins, 125, and see also San Yüan, Shun, Yao, and Yü; legend of origin of a lake, 405–406; origin of dog-worship of Jung tribe, 422
Other Self. Idea of the, 93, 97 sq. See also Second Self
Otherworld. Parallel to this world, 93–94; populous, 93
Ox-yellow. See Niu Huang
Ox-head, King. Father of the Red Child Demon; Sun Hou-tzŭ and, 351, 358 sq.