WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
Myths of Babylonia and Assyria cover

Myths of Babylonia and Assyria

Chapter 35: J
By Donald A. Mackenzie
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

History - AncientMythology, Legends & Folklore

About This Book

This work presents a compact survey of Babylonian and Assyrian civilization and mythology, tracing racial origins and early city-states and then detailing major deities, rival pantheons, demons, and popular cults such as Tammuz and Ishtar. It retells foundational narratives including creation as Merodach’s dragon-slaying, famed hero-quests of Etana and Gilgamesh, and the flood and underworld traditions, and examines material culture, laws, temple and urban life, astronomical lore, and imperial history from regional ascendancies to Assyrian splendour and decline, highlighting how myth, religion, and shifting peoples shaped political and social institutions.

I

Iberians, the, Sumerians and Egyptians congeners of, 9; goddesses of, 105; folk tales of, 156.
Ibis, demons enter the, 71.
Iceland, wind hag of, 73; Barleycorn a god of, 170n.
Idols, spirit of god or demon in, 61; gods of taken prisoners, 62.
Idun(ee´doon),Germanic goddess, lovers of, 102.
Igigi (i´gig-i), spirits of heaven, 34, 149.
Ilu-bi´di, smith king of Hamath, 457, 458.
Immortality, quest of Gilgamesh, 177; Song of the Sea Lady, 178, 179; Lay of the Harper, 179; Pir-napishtim and Gilgamesh, 181 et seq..; Ea-hani's revelation, 183-184 ; no Babylonian Paradise, 203, 210, 211; Brahmans ask Alexander the Great for, 208; Egyptian Ra and Osirian doctrines, 209.
India, Sumerian myths in, xxvi, xxvii; Mediterranean race in, 7; Brahma-Vishnu and Ea, 27; Babylonian flood myth in, 27, 28, 196; demons of and the Babylonian, 34; mother ghost in, 69; Garuda eagle and Sumerian Zu bird, 74, 75, 165-169 , 330; wedding bracelet of and Ishtar's, 98, 98n.; eternal "mothers" and "dying gods" in, 101; Ribhus the "elves" of, 105; fairies of, 294; Gilgamesh myth in, 187-189 ; Babylonian culture in, 199, 200, 313; face paint of gods in, 211; jungle-dwellers' conception of "Self Power", 291, 304; star myths of, 296; early astronomers of, 300; lunar zodiac of, 309; constellations identified before planets in, 318; horse sacrifice in, 309; sun and moon marriages in, 306; doctrine of World's Ages in, 310 et seq.; "finger counting" at prayer in, 311n.; deities connected with goat in, 333; "man in the eye" belief, 335, 336; cult of "late invaders" of, 338; fire cult in, 346; Solomon's trade with, 389, 390; Jehoshaphat's fleet, 408; swans as love messengers in, 429.
"Indo-Europeans", Mitannians as, 269, 270.
Indra (ind´ră), god of India, a world artisan like Ea and Ptah, 30; Anu's messengers like Maruts of, 34; Enlil and, 35; Ramman, Hadad, Thor, &c, and, 57, 261, 340; in Garuda myth, 74, 75; dies annually like Tammuz, 101; various forms of, 101; as slayer of father, 158, 302; eagle as, 169; Paradise of like Odin's, 209; thunder horn of, 238.
Insects, gods as, 296.
Inspiration, derived from sacred juice, 45; from drinking blood, 48; from incense and breath of Apis bull, 49.
Inundation, the Babylonian, 24.
Inverness, the "sleeper" and fairy mound of, 164.
Ionians, deported from Cilicia to Nineveh, 464.
Iranian sun god, Sumerians and, 55, 56.
Ireland, the corn god and river goddess of, 33, 238; spitting customs in, 47; "calling back" of souls in, 70, 70n.; Anu a wind hag, 73; Tammuz-Diarmid myth in, 85, 87; Angus, the love god of, 90, 238, 428n.; the eternal goddess of, 101, 102, 268; the "morúach" (worm) of, 151; flood legend of, 196; the Hades of, 203; pig as devil in, 293; doctrine of world's ages in, 310 et seq.; origin of culture of, 315, 316; giant gods of, 317; pigeon lore in, 431.
Iron, in northern Mesopotamia, 25; used in folk cures, 236.
Irrigation, in early Sumeria, 23, 39.
Isaac, forbids Jacob to marry a Hittite, 266.
Isaiah, 21; doom of Babylonia, 113, 499; "worm" of, the dragon, 151; use of Babylonian symbolism by, 331, 341; "satyrs" referred to by, 333; on Assyria the Destroyer, 340; on Topher, 350; reference to Jerusalem's water supply, 451; warns Ahaz, 459; destruction of Sennacherib's army, 466; tradition of murder of, 474.
Ishbi-Urra (ish´bi-oor´ra), King of Isin, 132.
Ishtar (ish´tar), Isis cult and, xxxi; hymn to, 18-20 ; Beltu and, 36; water of life given to, 44; as earth goddess, 53; identical with Hathor, 57; in demon war, 76; as "Queen of Heaven", 81, 106, 107; lamentation of for Tammuz, 86, 88, 98; in Sargon of Akkad myth, 91; descent of to Hades poem, 95 et seq.; magical ornaments of, 96; punishment of, 96, 97; rescue of, 98; Belit-sheri associated with, 98; as love goddess, 99; temple women of, 99, 106, 107; absorbs other goddesses, 100, 117, 277, 496; as daughter of Anu and Nannar, 100; as mother of Tammuz, 100; the lovers of, 103, 126, 174-176 ; like Tiamat, 106; under Isin Dynasty, 132; links with Indian and Egyptian goddesses, 157; Damkina and, 160; as a bisexual deity, 161; in Etana legend, 166; in Gilgamesh legend, 172-177 ; in flood legend, 193, 194; Frey's bride and, 204; threat to raise dead, 213; fish goddesses and, 117, 277; Nineveh image of sent to Egypt, 280; star of, 295; changes star forms with Merodach, 299; month of, 305; wheel symbol of, 347; Nineveh temple of destroyed, 363; worshipped by Nebuchadrezzar I, 382; cult of in Assyria, 420; Semiramis and, 425; as a Fate, 433; moon god and, 436; Creatrix and, 437; worshipped by Sargon II, 463; worshipped by Esarhaddon, 471; Persian goddess and, 496.
Ishtarate (ish-tar-ä´te), "Ishtars", goddesses in general called, 100.
Isin, Dynasty of, 131; early kings of, 132 et seq.; last kings of, 133; sun worship and, 240; Dynasty of Pashe, 380.
Isis (ī´sis), goddess of Egypt, Ishtar cult and, xxxi; fish goddess and, 29; as Nile goddess, 33; creative tears of, 45; mourning of for Osiris, 83, 99; as daughter, wife, sister, and mother of Osiris, 99; as corn goddess, 90; as serpent goddess, 150; as bi-sexual deity, 161; male form of, 299; the star of, 296, 300; address of to different forms of Osiris, 297. "Island of the Blessed", in Gilgamesh epic, 180 et seq.; the Greek and Celtic, 203.
Israel, first Egyptian reference to, 379; subject to Damascus, 396; separation of from Judah, 401 et seq.; Abijah's victory over, 402, 403; first conflict with Assyria, 407; tribute to Shalmaneser III, 411, 412; Assyria as "saviour" of, 414, 438, 439; goddess cult in, 421; Aramaeans and mother worship in, 434; war with Judah, 448; Tiglath-pileser harries, 453; the lost ten tribes, 455, 456.

J

"Jack and Jill", the Sumerian lunar, 53.
"Jack with a Lantern", the Babylonian, 66.
Jacob, personal ornaments as charms to, 211; marriage of, 266.
Jah, the Hebrew, Ea as, 31; Dagon as, 31; as dragon slayer, 157; monotheism, 160.
Japan, the Hades of, 206.
Jastrow, Professor, on Ea, 29, 30, 435; on culture and racial fusion, 42; on fire and water ceremonies, 51; on moon names, 52; on female conservatism, 107, 179, 180; on burial customs, 208; on Nebo, 303, 435; on Greek and Babylonian astrology and astronomy, 319 et seq.; on Anshar, Ashir, and Ashur, 354.
Jehoahaz (je-hō´a-haz), King of Judah, 414; Necho deposes, 489.
Jehoash (je-hō´ash), King of Israel, 448, 449.
Jehoiachin (je-hoi´a-chin), King of Judah, carried to Babylon, 490.
Jehoiakim (je-hoi´a-kim), King of Judah, 489, 490, 492.
Jehoram (je-hō´ram), King of Judah, no burning at grave of, 350.
Jehoshaphat (je-hosh´a-phat), King of Judah, 407; navy of wrecked, 408.
Jehu (je´hü), King of Israel, Elisha calls, 409, 410; tribute to Shalmaneser III, 411, 412; mother worship in reign of, 421, 434.
Jeremiah, liver as seat of life, 48; on mother worship, 106, 107, 421; Pharaoh Necho, 489.
Jeremias, Dr. Alfred, on precession of equinoxes, 320 n.
Jeroboam (jer-o-bō´am), revolt of, 402; Abijah defeats, 402, 403; an ally of Assyria, 449.
Jerusalem, the "new", xvii; Palaeolithic collection at, 10; "dragon well" at, 152; "father" of Amorite, "mother" of Hittite, 246; eclipse record from, 323; "Queen of Heaven" worshipped in, 421; wall of destroyed by Jehoash, 449; new wall and water supply of, 451; siege of by Sennacherib, 465, 466; Assyrian ambassador visits, 471, 472; sack of by Nebuchadrezzar II, 490, 491; Cyrus and rebuilding of, 496; return of captives to, 496.
Jewellery, the magic, Ishtar's, 96, 98.
Jewish type, Akkadians of, 1, 2; Arabs not of, 9; the racial blend which produced, 10 et seq.
Jews, Cyrus welcomed in Babylon by, 495; return of to Jerusalem, 496.
Jezebel (jez´e-bel), Queen, 406; murder of, 410.
Jinn, the Arabian, 78.
Joash (jō´ash), King of Judah, concealment of in childhood, 413; coronation of, 413, 414.
Johns, Mr., on Aryans in early Assyria, 278, 279.
Joram (jō´ram), King of Israel, 408, 409; Jehu murders, 410.
Josiah (jo-sī´ah), King of Judah, Necho and, 489.
Jotham (jō´tham), King of Judah, 451.
Judah, subject to Damascus, 396; separation of from Israel, 401 et seq.; Edom revolts against, 409; defeated by Israel, 448; Damascus and Israel plot against, 451; Ahaz appeals to Assyria, 452; Sennacherib deports prisoners from, 465; in Esarhaddon's reign, 474; Pharaoh Necho in, 489; the Captivity, 491; return of captives, 496.
Jupiter, the planet, Ramman and Hadad as, 57; Merodach creates, 147; Merodach as, 296; Horus as, 300, 302; associated with sun and moon, 301; as ghost of sun, 305; as "bull of light", 301; Nin-Girsu (Tammuz) as, 301; month of, 305; Attis as, 305; as "face voice of light" and "star of bronze", 314, 315; in astrology, 318.
Jupiter-Amon, 317.
Jupiter-Belus, Merodach as, 221, 317.