N
- Nabonidus (na-bo´nid-us), King of Babylonia, religious innovations of, 492, 493; relations with Cyrus, 494, 495.
- Näbo-pol-äs´sar, King of Babylon, 487; alliance of with Medes, 488; fall of Nineveh, 488; Cyaxares the ally of, 493.
- Nabu (nä´bü). See Nebo.
- Nabu-aplu-iddin (na´bu-ap-lu-id´din), King of Babylon, 408.
- Nabu-na´id, King of Babylonia. See Nabonidus.
- Nadab (na´dab), King of Israel, 403.
- Nahum, the doom of Nineveh, 477, 478, 488.
- Naki´a, queen mother of Esarhaddon, 470; reigns in absence of Esarhaddon, 472; coronation of Ashur-bani-pal, 480.
- Namtar (näm´tar), demon of disease, smites Ishtar in Hades, 97.
- Nana (nä´nä), goddess of Erech, 124, 125; statue of 1635 years in Elam, 485.
- Nannar (nän´nar), moon god, origin of name of, 52; consort and children of, 53; as father of Isis, 100; as a bisexual deity, 161, 299; cult of in Kish, 241; as bull of heaven, 334; Ishtar and, 436. See Moon and Sin.
- Naram-Sin (nä´ram-sin), King of Akkad, famous stele of, 128; great empire of, 129; pigtails worn by enemies of, 265.
- Naturalism, xxxiii; the conception of "self power", 291; Sumerian and Indian beliefs, 291, 292, 304, 328, 329; Totemism and, 293 et seq.; various co-existing forms of deities, 297.
- Navigation, Sumerians and, 2.
- Nebo (nā´bo), protector of Ashur-bani-pal's library, xxii, xxiii, 303; as Mercury, the messenger, 302; Merodach and Ea and, 303, 435, 436; as Mermer-Ramman, 303; month of, 305; Semiramis inscription, 419, 422; mother worship and, 434; spouse of, 436; small Kalkhi temple of, 487.
- Nebuchadrezzar I (ne-bü-chad-rez´zar) of Babylonia, 380; conquests of, 381; power of, 382.
- Nebuchadrezzar II, Hanging Gardens of, 220, 489; fiery furnace of, 349; monotheistic hymn of, 479; Egyptians routed by, 489; King of Judah captured by, 490; takes Jews captive, 491, 492.
- Necho, the Pharaoh, Asiatic campaigns of, 489; rout of by Nebuchadrezzar, 489, 490.
- Necho of Sais, Assyrian governor in Egypt, 475; Ashur-bani-pal and, 482; slain by Ethiopians, 483.
- Neheb-Kau (ne´heb-kä´ü), Egyptian serpent goddess, 150.
- Nehemiah in the Susan palace, III; restoration of Jews, 496.
- Neith, Egyptian cult of, 105; her arrows of fertility, 337; "shuttle" of a thunderbolt, 337 n.
- Neolithic Age. See Stone Age, the Late.
- Neolithic folk tales, 156.
- Nepthys (nep´thys) mourning for Osiris, 83; laments with Isis for Osiris, 99; as joint mother of Osiris, 99; as serpent goddess, 150.
- Neptune, connection of with Ea, Dagon, &c, 33; the horn of, 238.
- Nereids (nē´rē-ids), the, 33; the Babylonian, 34; as demon lovers, 68.
- Nergal (ner´gäl), solar god of disease, 53; as King of Hades, 53, 54; Yama and, 56; as Destroyer, 62, 63, 303; like Teutonic Bell, 95; as form of Merodach, 160; conflict with Eresh-ki-gal, 205; as planet Mars, 303; Horus and Ares and, 304; like Agni, 304; Osiris and Tammuz and, 304; month of, 305; as "high head", 334; worship of in Samaria, 455.
- Nergal-shar-utsur (ü´tsür), King of Babylonia, 492.
- Nidaba (ni´da-ba), goddess of Lugal-zaggisi, 124.
- Nightmare, Babylonian demon of, 68, 69.
- Nimrod, eagle myth regarding, 167; agricultural myth of, 170; John Barleycorn and, 170, 170n.; the Biblical "mighty hunter", 276; as Ni-Marad (Merodach), 277, 343; the fires of, 350; Asshur and, 354.
- Nimrud. See Kalkhi.
- Nina (ni´na), the fish goddess, Ishtar as, 100; at Lagash, 117, 118, 327; Derceto and Atargatis and, 277; goddess of Nineveh, 327, 423; creatrix and, 437; Persian Anahita and, 496.
- Nineveh, excavations at, xix; called after Nina, fish goddess, 100, 423; King Ninus and, 424; Biblical reference to origin of, 276, 277; Semiramis legend of origin of, 277; plundered by King of Mitanni, 280; observatory at, 321; Ashur and, 354; palace of Ashur-natsir-pal III at, 399; Ionians deported from Cilicia to, 464; as Babylon's rival, 469; Esarhaddon's Ashur temple at, 476; Nahum's prophecy, 477, 478; Ashur-bani-pal's palace and library at, 487; fall of, 488; Scythian legend, 488.
- Nin-Girsu (nin-gir´su), the god of Lagash, Ninip and Tammuz and, 53, 115, 116, 333; Ur-Nina and, 117, 118; Urukagina, the reformer, and, 121 et seq.; famous silver vase from temple of, 120; lion-headed eagle of, 120; Gudea's temple to, 130; Shamash and Babbar and, 132; development of, 135; eagle of, 168; Merodach and Zamama and, 126, 241.
- Ninip (nin´ip, or Nin´ib), as Nirig and destroying sun, 53; Zamama identified with, 126; during Isin Dynasty, 132; in flood legend, 190 et seq.; father and son myth, 158, 302; as bull god and boar god, 302, 334; month of, 305; the boar and, 315; as Kronos and Saturn, as elder and younger Horus, 316.
- Nin´-shach, Babylonian boar god, 86.
- Nin´-sun, as destroying goddess, 57, 100.
- Nin´tü, the Babylonian serpent mother, 76; Tiamat and, 150.
- Ninus, king, legendary founder of Nineveh, 277, 424; Semiramis and, 424, 425.
- Nin´yas, son of Semiramis, 426.
- Nippur (nip´pur), Enlil god of, 35; Ninip the Destroyer advances against, 53; Ramman, Hadad or Dadu and, 57; Ur-Nina and, 116, 117; Lugal-zaggisi and, 124; Ur moon god at, 130; Ea's temple at, 131; Isin kings from, 132, 133; Kassites showed preference for, 218; observatory at, 321; Kheber (Chebar) canal near, 344. Nirig (ni´rig), as Ninip and destroying sun, 53. See Ninip.
- Nisroch, the Biblical, Ashur as, 343, 470.
- Njord (nyerd), the Eddic sea god, 33.
- Noah, the Babylonian, 27.
- Nü, the Egyptian god, the crocodile as 29; Sumerian form of, 36, 37; vaguer than Nut, 106.
- Nudimmud (nü´dim-müd). See Ea.
- Nüsk´ü, the god, as fire deity, 49, 50, 51; as messenger of gods, 50, 53; connection of with sea fire, 50, 51; association of with sun and moon gods, 50, 353; identified with Nirig and Tammuz, 354.
- Nut (noo´it), the Egyptian goddess, 36; Tiamat as, 37; as mother of Osiris, 101; Nu vaguer than, 106.
O
- Oak, Saul buried under, 350; association of with thunder gods, 350.
- Oannes (ō-än´nes), as Ea, 27, 30.
- Odin (ō´din), 64; lovers of wife of, 103; Gilgamesh and, 184, 185; the mythical Ages and, 202; Paradise of like Indra's, 209.
- Olympus, the Babylonian, 332.
- Omri, King of Israel, 405.
- Opener, the, Horus as, 302. See Apuata and Patriarch.
- Opis, Kish swayed by, 114; King of captured by Eannatum of Lagash, 119; Entemena's sack of, 120.
- Ops, 103.
- Ori´on, the Constellation, as form of Osiris, 297; Nin-Girsu and Tammuz as, 301; as form of the sun, 305.
- Orion, the Greek giant, origin of, 45.
- Osiris (ō-sī´ris), Tammuz cult and cult of, xxxi, 81. Yama and Gilgamesh and, xxxii; as god of the Nile, 33; creative tears of, 45; as a "dangerous god", 63; as patriarch, 52, 82, 83, 84, 86, 90; weeping for, 83, twin goddesses mourn for, 99; Adonis myth, 83, 84; origin of, 84; blood of in Nile, 85; swine associated with, 85; as the lunar babe, 89; as child, husband, brother, and father of Isis, &c, 99, 297; as son with two mothers, 99; Nut as mother of, 101; Paradise of, 209; fusion of Ptah with Seb and, 264; Isis star and, 296; the grave of, 296; makes Isis a male, 299; Nergal and, 304; in star lore, 315; backbone symbol of world mountain, 332; Merodach and Ashur and, 354.
- Osiris-Sokar, Merodach like, 299.
- Owl, as ghost of sorrowful mother, 65; Arabian belief regarding, 70; reference to in Isaiah., 114.
- Ox, the wild, in eagle and serpent myth, 75. 76.
P
- Palaeolithic Age, skull forms of in France, 8; Palestine in, 10.
- Palestine, early races in, 10; Palaeolithic finds in, 10; cave dwellers of, 10, 11; in empire of Naram Sin, 129; Abraham's wanderings in, 245; tribes he found in, 245, 246; Elamites in, 247, 248, 249; Necho's campaigns in, 489.
- Pan, Ea-bani and, 135; the pipes of, 238.
- Pantheon, the National, during Isin Dynasty, 132.
- Pap-sukal (pap-sü´kal), messenger of gods, rescues Ishtar from Hades, 97.
- Paradise, childless ghosts excluded from, 71; the Indian, Germanic, and Egyptian, 209; Babylonian beliefs, 210. See Hades.
- Patesi (pa´te-si), priest king, 1.
- Patriarch, the, Apuatu as, xxxii; Sargon of Akkad as, xxxiii, 91; Yama as, xxxii, 56, 200; Osiris and Tammuz as, xxxii, 82, 86, 90, 297; Scyld or Sceaf as, 92; Yngve, Frey, Hermod, and Heimdal as, 93; the mythical "sleepers" and, 164; Nimrod as, 170, 277, 354; Gilgamesh as, xxxii, 200; Mitra as, 201; the Biblical Asshur, 276, 327, 354; King Ninus of Nineveh and, 424, 425; the Persian and Cyrus, 493.
- Paul, Mars' hill sermon of, 59, 60.
- Pekah, King of Israel, 450, 451; Assyrian king overthrows, 453.
- Pelasgians, the, Sumerian kinship with, 9; Achaeans and, 393.
- Pennsylvania, University of, expedition of, xxiv.
- Penrith, "Long Meg's" stone circle near, 156.
- Persephone (per-sef´on-ē), the Babylonian, 53; as lover of Adonis, 90.
- Perseus, legend of, 152; the Babylonian, 159, 164.
- Persia, fire worship in, 50; Yama of India and Gilgamesh, and Yima of, 200, 201; the mythical Ages of, 202; eagle symbol of great god of, 347, 493; Ashur cult and, 355; Britain and Russia in, 357; Cyrus King of, 493; religion of and Babylonian influence, 496.
- Persian Gulf, early Sumerians traded on, 2; Eridu once a port on, 22.
- Petrie, Professor Flinders, dating of, xxv, 212; alien pottery in Egypt found by, 263; on Egypt's culture debt to Syria, 275.
- Pharaoh, "Piru" theory, 458, 458 n[526].
- Philistines, the, their god Dagon, 32, 33; "way of" an ancient trade route, 357; invasion of Palestine by, 379; as overlords of Hebrews, 379, 380; Hittites and, 386; civilization of, 387, 403, 405; as vassals of Damascus, 414; tribute from to Assyria, 439.
- Phoenicians, Baau, mother goddess of, 150; traditional racial cradle of, 244; appearance of on Mediterranean coast, 245; Melkarth, god of, 346; as allies of Hebrews, 388.
- Phrygia, thunder god of, 261; Cybele and Attis of, 267; Muski and, 395; King Midas of, 460; Cimmerians overrun, 472; Lydia absorbs, 494.
- Picts, why they painted themselves, 212.
- Pig, demon in, 71; sacrificed to Tammuz, 85; associated with Osiris, 85; sacrifice of to cure disease, 236; totemic significance of, 293; as the devil in Egypt and Britain, 293; Ninip as boar god, 302.
- Pigeons. See Doves.
- Pillar worship, "world tree" and "world spine", 334.
- Pinches, Professor, on Ea, Ya or Jah, and Dagan, 31; on Babylonian "Will-o'-the-wisp", 66; on Babylonian boar god, 86; on flocks of Tammuz, 93; on Creation hymn, 149, 150; on Babylonian monotheism, 160; on names of Hammurabi, Tidal, &c, 248; on Merodach as Nimrod, 277; on Nebo and Ramman, 303; on Ashur worship, 352, 353; on Nusku and Tammuz, 353, 354; on Ashur, Merodach, and Osiris, 354; on the sacred doves, 427.
- Pir-na-pish´tim, the Babylonian Noah, 27; sun god and, 55; Gilgamesh's journey to island of, 177, 178, 180; revelation of, 181, 182; the flood legend of, 190 et seq.; the Indian Yama and, 200; the Persian Yima and, 201.
- Planets, deities identified with, 296; Merodach as Jupiter and Mercury, 299; Venus female at sunset and male at sunrise, 299; when gods were first associated with, 300; Horus identified with three, 300; the seven included sun and moon, 301; Jupiter as "bull of light", 301; the "bearded Aphrodite" and Ishtar, 301; Ninip (Nirig) and Horus as Saturn, 302; Nebo and Merodach as Mercury, 303; Nergal and Horus as Mars, 303, 304; in doctrine of mythical Ages, 313 et seq.; the Babylonian and Greek, 316; in astrology, 318.
- Plant of Birth, Etana's quest for, 164.
- Plant of Life, Gilgamesh's quest for, 164, 177.
- Plato, the dance of the stars, 333.
- Pleiades (plī´a-dēz), the. See Constellations.
- Pleistocene (plīst´o-sēn) Age, the, Palestinian races of, 10.
- Pliny, on the "Will-o'-the-wisp", 67.
- Plutarch, the Osirian bull myth, 89; on Babylonian astrology, 318.
- Poetry, magical origin of, 236 et seq.
- Poets, inspired by sacred mead, 45.
- Polar star, as "world spike", 332; Lucifer as, 331, 332.
- Pork, tabooed by races, 293.
- Poseidon (pō-sī´don), 64, 105.
- Postal arrangements, in Hammurabi Age, 251.
- Pottery, linking specimens of in Turkestan, Elam, Asia Minor, and Southern Europe, 5, 263.
- Prajapati (prăjä´păti), the Indian god, creative tears of, 45.
- Preservers, the, mother goddesses as, 100.
- Priests, En-we-dur-an-ki of Sippar, 42; the sorcerer's spell, 46; Dudu of Lagash, 120; as rulers of Lagash, 121; and burial ceremonies, 208, 209; fees of cut down by reformer, 210, 211; as patrons of culture, 287, 288, 289.
- Pritha (preet´hä), mother of Indian Karna, 126.
- Prophecy, blood-drinking ceremony and, 48; breath of Apis bull and, 49.
- Prophets, clothing of, 213, 214.
- Psamtik (sam´tik), Pharaoh of Egypt under Assyrians, 483; throws off Assyrian yoke, 486.
- Ptah (tä), the Egyptian god, Ea compared to, 30; cult of and mother worshippers, 105; deities that link with, 263, 264.
- Pül, Assyrian king called in Bible, 444.
- Pumpelly expedition, Turkestan discoveries of, 5, 6, 263.
- Punt, the land of, as "cradle" of Mediterranean race, 39.
- Purusha (pür-üsh´ă), the Indian chaos giant, 429.