Napoleon: A Sketch of His Life, Character, Struggles, and Achievements

INDEX

• A
• Abensberg, battle of, 440.
• Aboukir, battle of, 219–220.
• Acre, siege of, 215.
• “Act Additional”—amendment to Constitution, 1814, 637–639.
• Adige, French defence, 156–167.
• Ajaccio—
• Birthplace of Napoleon, 17.
• Paoli, see that title.
• Reception of Napoleon, 1799, 230–232.
• Revolutionary movements, 1789, 49–60.
• [See also Corsica.]
• Alexander, Czar of Russia—
• Erfurth conference, 428.
• Successor of Paul, 291.
• Vienna Congress, 620–623.
• [See also Russia.]
• Alexandria taken by Napoleon, 203.
• Alps crossed, 1800, 280.
• Alvinczy, General, defeated by Napoleon, 162–168.
• Amiens, Peace of, 293;
• ruptured, 312.
• Amnesty to political offenders during Consulate, 258.
• Ancients, council of, see Council of Ancients.
• André, Abbé d’, rumors as to movements of Napoleon at Elba, 624–625.
• Antommarchi, death mask of Napoleon, 388.
• Aragon, aid in Corsican struggle for independence, 3, 4.
• Arcis on the Aube, battle of, 576.
• Army of France—
• Creation of new army by Napoleon, 1800, 279–282;
• 1813, 506.
• Destruction in Russia, retreat from Moscow, 1812, 493–499, 504.
• Napoleon in—
• Commander, 112–114, 126.
• Loss of position, name struck from list of generals, 60–64, 104.
• Western transfer, order evaded, 94–96, 104.
• Reorganization by Napoleon, 264, 636.
• Artois, Count of, conspiracy against Napoleon, 317–328.
• Aspern, battle of, 442–443, 450.
• Aube River crossing, incident, 572.
• Aubrey—
• Exile, 258, 259.
• Napoleon transferred to army of the West, 95, 96.
• Auerstädt, battle of, 362, 364.
• Augereau, General—
• Coup d’état of 18th Brumaire, 245, 251.
• Directory supported by, during royalist movement, 182–184, 236.
• Italian campaign, 162–164, 168.
• Austerlitz, battle of, 347, 349.
• Austria—
• 1793, French booty, bargain with England, 83.
• 1796, Napoleon’s Italian Campaign, 144–186.
• 1799–1800, operations in Italy, peace of Lunéville, 224, 279–290.
• 1805, coalition of powers, defeat at Austerlitz, 339–347, 355–357.
• 1809, renewal of war, Wagram, etc., 439–449.
• 1812, ally of France, 476, 477.
• 1813, rising in Germany, mediation offered, 507–521, 554–556.
• 1813–15, coalition of powers and fall of Napoleon, 523–648.
• 1814, Vienna Congress, 620–623.
• Secret treaty with Napoleon alleged, 623, 639.
• [See also Charles, Archduke, and Francis, Emperor.]
• Avignon, Girondin revolt, 70, 71.
• B
• Barras, General—
• Character, and misgovernment as Director, 125–128.
• Directory, movement against, and fall of, 106, 182, 237–247.
• Memoirs of Napoleon, 82.
• Bassano, peace treaty, 1814, 571.
• “Battle of the Nations,” 1813, 534.
• Bautzen, battle of, 510.
• Bavaria—
• Deserts Napoleon in 1813, 534, 537, 541.
• Refusal to enter coalition against France, 1806, 349.
• Baylen, capitulation of, 427.
• Bayonne, Napoleon at, 419–421.
• Beauharnais, Eugène—
• Jaffa massacre, 213.
• Moscow retreat, 491, 494.
• Viceroy of Italy, 336.
• Beauharnais, Josephine, see Josephine.
• Beauharnais, Stephanie, dancing anecdote, 32.
• Beaulieu, Austrian general, defeated by Napoleon, 144, 154, 155, 159.
• Bellerophon, British ship, Napoleon sent to St. Helena, 672, 673.
• Bennigsen, Russian general, campaign against Napoleon, 381–383.
• Bentinck, Lord, duplicity of, 563.
• Beresina, crossed by French troops, 1812, 497–499.
• Berg, Grand Duchy of, created, 1806, 351.
• Berlin—
• Entered by Napoleon, 1806, 366–369.
• March abandoned, 1813, 533–534.
• Berlin Decree, 369–371, 416.
• Bernadotte, General—
• Desertion of Napoleon, 1812–14, 475, 526, 538, 566–573.
• Italian campaign, 175, 176.
• Norway transferred to Swedish dominion, 623.
• Policy, 18th Brumaire, 243, 248, 249.
• Sweden, Prince-Royal of, 1810, 463–465.
• Berthier, General—
• Austrian campaign, 1809, mismanagement, 439, 440.
• Commander-in-chief of army in Italy, 1800, 280.
• Desertion of Napoleon, 1814, 592–594.
• Metternich’s interview with Napoleon, 1813, 517.
• Bessières, commander of Imperial Guard, 155;
• death of, 526.
• Blücher, Prussian general—
• Germany, rising in, 1813, 509.
• Hostilities of 1813, battle of Leipsic, etc., 527, 533, 535.
• War of 1814–15, battle of Waterloo, etc., 566–577, 648–671.
• Bohemia, Congress of Prague, 521–523, 545.
• Bonaparte, Caroline, wife of Murat, Berg, Grand Duchy of, created 1806, 350–351.
• Treachery of, 562, 563.
• Bonaparte, Charles, father of Napoleon, 19–27, 41.
• Bonaparte, Jerome, king of Westphalia, see Westphalia.
• Bonaparte, Joseph—
• Italy, crown refused, 336.
• Naples, King of, 350, 421.
• President of Council of Regency in Paris, betrayal of Napoleon, 1814, 564, 575, 578–579.
• Spain, King of, 421.
• Complaint of interference of Napoleon, 435.
• Driven from throne, 430, 564.
• Bonaparte, Letitia R., mother of Napoleon, 19–21.
• Absence at coronation, 333.
• Life at Elba, 605, 624.
• Bonaparte, Louis—
• Holland, king of, 350.
• Complaint as to interference of Napoleon, 435.
• Vacates throne, 462–464.
• Maintenance and ingratitude during boyhood, 53, 57.
• Bonaparte, Lucien—
• Pamphlet issued by, 289.
• President of Council of Five Hundred on 18th Brumaire, 235, 252–253.
• Refuses bribe offered by Napoleon, 351.
• Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon.
• Bonaparte, Pauline, Life at Elba, 603, 605, 624.
• Borodino, battle of, 483.
• Bourbon restoration, 1814, 583–586, 598–627.
• Bourmont, rise and treason in army of Napoleon, 649.
• Bourrienne—
• Anecdotes of Napoleon, 27, 218, 220, 235, 242, 255, 283.
• Betrayal of Napoleon, 552.
• Brienne—
• College, unpopularity of Napoleon, 26–33.
• Visit to, 1804, 334.
• War of 1814, 335, 568.
• Brougham, Lord, anecdote of Napoleon, 405.
• Brueys, French admiral, defeat by Nelson, 208.
• Brumaire, coup d’état of 18th Brumaire, 241–255.
• Brunswick, Duke of, wounded at Auerstädt, 364.
• Busca, Cardinal, French campaign, 170.
• Bussey, schoolmate of Napoleon, 31, 32, 593.
• Buttafuoco, Corsican representative in France, Napoleon’s “open letter,” 52, 53, 54.
• C
• Cadoudal conspiracy, 318–328.
• Caffarelli, General, French capture of Malta, 202.
• Cairo—
• March to, 203.
• Retreat, 217–219.
• Revolt, war principles of Napoleon, 211.
• Cambacérès, consul, opposition to arrest of Duke d’Enghien, 324.
• Cambronne, royalist commander, return of Napoleon from Elba, 1814, 630.
• Campo Formio, treaty of, 178–187.
• Cannes, landing of Napoleon from Elba, 1814, 626, 629.
• Carnot, Memoirs of, 646, 668.
• Carraccioli, Admiral, murder of, 225, 226.
• Carteaux, abandonment of Toulon command to Napoleon, 73–78.
• Castlereagh, Lord, Vienna Congress, 1814, 620.
• Caulaincourt—
• Abdication of Napoleon, 588–589.
• Peace negotiations, 1813–14, 570–571.
• Cavour, statecraft policy, confession, 374.
• Censorship of the Press, 1814, 614.
• Ceracchi conspiracy, 288.
• Cervoni, Corsican general, Napoleon and Toulon, 75, 76.
• Champ de Mai, 1815, 641.
• Champ-Aubert, battle of, 569.
• Charles, Archduke of Austria—
• Austerlitz defeat, treaty of Presburg, 344, 347.
• Defeat of Jourdan and Masséna, 224.
• Italian campaign, defeated by Napoleon, 162, 175–177.
• Opinion of Napoleon, 1814, 6.
• Renewal of war, 1809, 439–449.
• Charles, Captain Hypolite, and Josephine, 193, 209, 235.
• Charles IV. of Spain, abdication, 418–419, 425.
• “Charter,” issued and violated by Louis XVIII, 1814, 601, 612–618.
• Châtillon Peace Congress, 570.
• Chinese massacres, comparison with Jaffa massacre, etc., 215, 218.
• Choiseul, French minister, purchase of Corsica, 14, 15, 26.
• Church, Concordat of 1801, 302–309, 453.
• Church atrocities, Bourbon restoration, 1814, 614–619.
• Cisalpine Republic—
• Creation of, 195.
• Italian Republic formed, 329.
• Reorganization, 286.
• Coalitions of European powers—
• 1793, 83, 115–121.
• 1798, peace of Lunéville, 222–290.
• 1805, Austerlitz, peace of Presburg, 339–347.
• 1806, Jena, Treaty of Tilsit, 355–385.
• 1813, Dresden, etc., 523–582.
• Armistice, 511–556.
• Desperate position of Napoleon, 525–526, 548–553.
• Determination of Allies to crush Napoleon, 554–557.
• Support of nation weakened by illegitimacy of Napoleon’s kingdom, 548–549.
• 1814–15, 635–670.
• [See also names of Powers, England, Russia, etc.]
• Cobentzel, Austrian diplomat, Campo Formio treaty, 184–187.
• Cockburn, Sir George, treatment of Napoleon during voyage to St. Helena, 677–678.
• Codification of laws—the Code Napoléon, 300–302, 412, 413.
• Commercial war, see Continental system.
• Concordat, work of the First Consul, 302–309, 453.
• Confederation of the Rhine—
• Formation, 350, 352.
• Overthrow, 544.
• Prussian army against, 364.
• Rising in Germany, 1813, 509, 510.
• Constant, valet of Napoleon, anecdotes, 390, 400, 456, 457, 458, 466, 468, 488, 507, 526, 531, 534, 538, 561, 565, 575, 594, 596.
• Constitution, see Consulate, Empire, Republic, etc.
• Consulate—Napoleon as First Consul, 257–271, 280.
• Life tenure of consulship, 310.
• Peace overtures during, 275–278.
• Reforms in the republic, 256–273, 295–302.
• Continental system, 369–371, 385, 416.
• Holland, aid to Great Britain in violating system, 436.
• Tilsit treaty with Russia, violation, 470–478.
• Convention, adjournment and new Constitution, 104–112.
• Corsica—
• Ajaccio, see that title.
• British occupation, failure of French expedition, 92–94.
• British withdrawal, 1796, 195.
• Description, situation, etc., 1.
• Early patriotism of Napoleon, 24–30.
• Incorporation with France, organization of governments, 1789, 50, 51.
• History of foreign supremacy and struggle for independence, 1–16.
• Napoleon’s activity in favor of French Revolution, 49–52.
• Napoleon’s ambition to achieve independence of Corsica, 45, 64.
• National Guard election, arrest of French commissioner, 58, 59.
• Paoli, see that title.
• “Corsican ogre,” name given to Napoleon, 419, 466.
• Corunna, battle of, 433.
• Council of Ancients, fall of the Directory, 18th Brumaire, 241–251.
• Council of Five Hundred—
• Directory, fall of, 18th Brumaire, 241–253.
• Lucien Bonaparte, deputy and president, 235, 252–253.
• Councils, removal of, 236–241.
• Craonne, battle of, 575.
• Cumberland, Duke of, massacre of Highlanders after Culloden, 214.
• Czernischeff, Russian general, spy on French army, 1812, 474.
• D
• Danube—
• Cession of provinces to Russia, 1808, 429.
• Crossed by French forces, 1809, 441–446.
• War between Russia and Turkey, 1812, 473, 475, 481.
• D’Argenteau, Napoleon’s victory of Montenotte, 138–140.
• Daru, coalition of 1813, 524–525.
• Davidovitch, defeat of, 161–168.
• Davoust, French general—
• Austrian campaign, 1809, Wagram, 440–448.
• Berlin, entry into, 1806, 366.
• Campaign of 1814, Napoleon’s error in overlooking Davoust, 648, 657.
• Defeat of Prussian forces, 362.
• Moscow retreat, 494.
• De Barrin—French Revolution, Napoleon’s movements, 49, 50.
• Dejean, General, messenger to Joseph Bonaparte, fall of Paris, 1814, 578–579.
• Della Rocca, A., G., and R., Corsican struggle, 3, 5.
• D’Enghien, Duke, execution of, 322–327.
• Denmark, British seizure of fleet, 415–416.
• D’Erlon, mistake at Ligny, 652–653.
• Des Mazis, aid to Napoleon, 101.
• Desaix, death of, 285.
• Desgenettes, surgeon of French army in Egypt, 218.
• Directory—
• Napoleon’s success and power feared, 147, 193, 194.
• Misgovernment under Barras and others, 123–125, 135.
• Organization of, 112.
• Supported by Napoleon during royalist insurrection, 182–184.
• Weakness and overthrow of, 236–255, 273.
• Djezzar, Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt, 213, 216–217.
• Dolgorouki, demands surrender of Italy, etc. from Napoleon, 344.
• Doria, S., Corsican struggle, 7.
• Dresden—
• Battle of, 1813, 527–532.
• Conferences, 1812, 1813, 476–479, 516–519.
• Dubois de Crancé, warning to Directory against Napoleon, 243, 246.
• Dugomier, General, siege of Toulon, 78.
• Dumas—reforms by Napoleon, 1814, 636.
• Dumont, J., recognition by Napoleon, 1814, 603.
• Duroc, General, death of, 526.
• Dutch delegation, congratulations on Jena victory, 379–380.
• E
• Eckmühl, battle of, 440, 441.
• Education reform during Consulate, 295, 298.
• Egypt—
• British conquest, 292.
• French invasion, 199–227.
• Napoleonic improvements, 207, 411.
• Religious observances, 206, 689.
• Elba, Napoleon’s exile—
• Departure for, 596.
• Journey, 601–602;
• landing, 605.
• Life at, 605–610.
• Return of Napoleon, 623–628.
• Political position in France, 627.
• Reception in France, 623–636.
• War with Allies, 635, 639–640.
• Terms of Treaty of Fontainebleau, 595, 608.
• Elbe, concentration of French forces, 1813, 530, 533.
• Elchingen, battle of, 341.
• Elster bridge, French retreat, 1813, 538, 540.
• Émigrés, release of, 258, 587.
• Empire, French—
• Dreams of empire, 305.
• Napoleon proclaimed Emperor, coronation, 331–333;
• anniversary of coronation, 346.
• Enghien, Duke d’, execution of, 322–327.
• England—
• Austerlitz, battle of, consternation at result of, 349.
• Coalitions, 1793, 83, 115–121;
• 1798, 222;
• 1805, 339;
• 1813, 523;
• 1814, 566;
• 1815, 648.
• Continental system, see that title.
• Corsica, occupation of, 92–94;
• withdrawal, 195.
• Danish fleet seized by, 415–416.
• Egypt and Malta taken, 292, 312.
• Encouragement to Austria to war against France, 290, 439.
• French Invasion of England, 1805, preparations and defeat of Napoleon, 339–340.
• Napoleon’s hatred of, 83–85.
• Nelson, see that title.
• Newspaper abuse of Napoleon, 314.
• Northern confederation against, treaty of Tilsit, 385.
• Peace offered by Napoleon, and rejected, 275–277, 339, 430.
• Portugal, British defeat of French, 427.
• St. Helena, Napoleon as prisoner of war, 672–676.
• Vienna Congress, 1814, dispute as to division of territory, 620–623.
• War declared, 1804, seizures of French property, 315.
• War loans and paper currency, 353.
• Waterloo, battle of, 660–667.
• Wellington, see that title.
• Enzersdorf, battle of, 446.
• Erfurth conference, 428.
• Essling, battle of, 442.
• Eylau, battle of, 381.
• F
• Ferdinand of Naples, entry into Rome, 1798, 222, 223.
• Ferdinand of Spain—
• Disputes with Charles IV, 418–419, 425.
• Proclaimed king of Spain, surrender of crown to Napoleon, 418–421.
• Release refused, 1813, 558;
• granted, 1814, 612, 613.
• Financial reforms, 297, 352–354.
• First Consul, see Consulate.
• Five Hundred, Council of, see Council of Five Hundred.
• Fleury, Cardinal, Corsican struggle, 12.
• Fontainebleau—
• Abdication of Napoleon, 1814, 588–594.
• Conference with Pope, 1813, 508.
• Departure for Elba, 1814, 596.
• Napoleon at, 1814, news of fall of Paris, 581, 583.
• Fontainebleau, Treaty of, terms and violation of, 595, 606–608.
• Fouché—
• Betrayal of Napoleon, 553.
• Provisional government after Waterloo, 668–670.
• Fox, British ministry, 1806, 359, 363.
• Francis, Emperor of Austria—
• Centre of Austrian loyalty, 549.
• Conduct regarding Maria Louisa, 606, 607.
• Frankfort proposals, insincerity of, 555–562.
• Frederick the Great, tomb of, sash and sword taken by Napoleon, 368, 369.
• Frederick, King of Prussia, centre of Prussian loyalty, 548.
• French revolution—
• Foreign intervention feared, 1791, 56.
• Napoleon sides with nation, activity in Corsica, 47–52.
• Swiss defence and Westermann attack, Napoleon’s attitude, 61–63.
• Valence ceremonies, new oath of allegiance, 1791, 55.
• Friedland, battle of, 383.
• Fructidor, coup d’état of, 183, 258.
• Fulton steamboat invention, 402.
• G
• Gaffori, Corsican chief, fall of, 13.
• Gap, return of Napoleon from Elba, 1814, 630.
• Genoa—
• Annexation to France, 1804, 338.
• Corsican struggle, 2–14.
• Disturbances, 1796, 156.
• Napoleon’s mission in, 1794, 88.
• George IV. of England, Napoleon’s appeal for British protection, 1815, 674.
• Georges conspiracy, 318–328, 417.
• Germany—
• Aid to Corsica, 10.
• Confederation of the Rhine, see that title.
• Hatred of French principles by feudal powers, origin of Prussian war, 364.
• Redistribution of lands, 329–331.
• Rising against France, 1813, 506–522, 543–545.
• Giampolo, Corsican independence, 5.
• Girondin revolt, 70, 71.
• Godoy, Spanish minister, fall of, 417–421.
• Gohier, fall of the Directory, 239–247.
• Gourgand, General, complaints of neglect, 569.
• Government of France—
• Legislative body, see that title.
• Louis XVIII, see that title.
• Provisional government, 1815, 667–671.
• Reorganizations, 256–273, 636–641.
• [See also Consulate, Directory, etc.]
• Great Britain, see England.
• Great St. Bernard, crossed 1800, 280.
• Grenoble, reception of Napoleon in 1814, 630–631.
• Grenville, Lord, Napoleon’s peace overtures, 276.
• Grossbeeren, battle of, 530.
• Grouchy, conduct of, 1814–15, 648–667.
• Guadamara mountains, crossed, 1808, 432.
• H
• Hanau, battle of, 542.
• Hanover, ceded to Prussia, 1806, 357, 359, 363.
• Hatzfeldt, Prince, treachery of, 367.
• Haugwitz, Prussian envoy to Napoleon, 357.
• Hautefort, Marquis de—Thellusson ball, 133.
• Heilsberg, battle of, 383.
• Helvetic republic established, 222.
• Hinton, sailor on board the Undaunted, 604–605.
• Hobhouse, writings of, 642, 682.
• Hoche, General—
• Directory, support to, 182.
• Italian campaign, 177.
• Hohenlinden, Moreau’s victory, 290.
• Hohenlohe, Prussian general, defeated at Jena, 361.
• Holland, monarchy under Louis Bonaparte, 1806, 350.
• Dependency on France, complaint, 435.
• Throne vacated, Holland annexed to France, 1810, 462–464.
• Honors, distribution of, enthronement of members of Bonaparte family, 350–352.
• Hougomont fortress, British defence, 1815, 660.
• House of Lords, created 1814, 638–639.
• Houssaye incidents of Napoleon, 1815, 653–655.
• Hundred Days of Napoleon, 1814, 635, 675, 684.
• I
• Imperial guard formed, 155.
• Inquisition, 173, 612.
• Invasion of France, 1813, and fall of Paris, 1814, 557–582.
• Inventions ignored by Napoleon, 402.
• Italy—
• Army, Napoleon in, 86, 103.
• Commander-in-chief, 132, 136–138.
• Transfer order, evasion of, 94–96.
• Campaigns of Napoleon, 87, 138–195, 278–290.
• Coalition against French republic, 221–227.
• Monarchy under Napoleon, 335–338.
• Reforms by Napoleon, 410.
• Republic created, 171, 194, 195.
• Troops in Paris favorable to Napoleon, 18th Brumaire, 242.
• J
• Jaffa massacre, 213–215.
• Jena, battle of, 361, 403.
• Jomini, desertion to allied forces, 525.
• Josephine, wife of Napoleon—
• Character and infidelity of, 127–134, 191–193, 209–210.
• Coronation, 333.
• Death of, Napoleon’s visit to Malmaison, 643–644.
• Divorce, 130, 455–457.
• Fall of Napoleon, attitude of Josephine, 593–594.
• First meeting, 109–110.
• Italy, Josephine joins Napoleon in 1796, 192.
• Marrac, château of, life at, 419–420.
• Marriage, 130, 132.
• Napoleon’s return from Egypt, 234–235.
• Son of Napoleon secretly shown to, 468.
• Joubert, defeat of Austrians in Italy, 167, 168.
• Jourdan, defeated by Archduke Charles, 224.
• Junot—
• Anecdotes of Napoleon, 79, 209, 292, 345, 346, 393–395.
• Portugal, French invasion, 418, 427.
• K
• Katzbach, battle of, 530.
• Keralio, de, impression of Napoleon, 30, 33.
• Kléber, General, assassination in Egypt, 207, 216, 291.
• Knights of St. John, capture of Malta by Napoleon, 201–202.
• Kremlin of Moscow, Napoleon at, 485–488.
• Kulm, battle of, 530, 531.
• Kubusoff, Russian general, French retreat from Moscow, 488, 492, 495, 497.
• L
• Labédoyère, Colonel—
• Execution of, 691.
• Napoleon’s return from Elba, 631.
• La Belle Alliance, British position in, 1815, 658, 666.
• Lafayette provisional government, abdication of Napoleon, 1815, 667, 669, 671.
• Lafayette, release of, 186.
• Lafon conspiracy, 503.
• Lainé, opposition to Napoleon, 1813, 559–560.
• Landshut, battle of, 440.
• Lannes, General—
• Death of, at Essling, 443–445.
• Hostilities of, 1805, 343–343.
• Italian campaign, 170.
• Montebello victory, 283.
• Laon, battle of, 574, 576.
• La Rothière, battle of, 569.
• La Vendée, pacification of, 265, 275.
• Leclerc, invasion of St. Domingo, 311.
• Lefebvre won over to Napoleon’s side against Directory, 246, 247.
• Leghorn, seizure of English goods, 158.
• Legislative body of France—
• Abolition, creation of House of Lords, 1814, 638–639.
• Deposition of Napoleon by Senate, 1814, 588.
• Opposition to Napoleon, 1813, 560.
• Sieyès’ plan of government, 1800, 266.
• Leipsic, battle of, 534–541.
• Lepelletier Section insurrection, 105, 107.
• Ligny, battle of, 651–653.
• Limited Monarchy under Louis XVIII, 599, 611.
• “Little Corporal”—nickname of Napoleon, 146, 191, 420.
• Lodi—victory of Napoleon, 144–146.
• Lombardy—
• Invasion of, 146, 150.
• Italian republic formed, Napoleon as president, 329.
• Republic formed, 194.
• Lonato, battle of, 190.
• Loretto, shrines, 171.
• Louis XVIII, king of France—
• Called from England to France, 1814, 596, 599.
• Consternation at return of Napoleon from Elba, 626–627.
• Government of, violations of the “Charter” and departure from France, 600, 601, 612–627.
• Limited monarchy, 599, 611.
• Louisa, queen of Prussia, activity in war of 1806, 360–366, 384–385.
• Louisiana, sale to United States, 316, 317.
• Lowe, Sir Hudson, treatment of Napoleon at St. Helena, 679–701.
• Lucca, republic of, gift from Napoleon to his sister, 338.
• Lunéville, Peace of, 290.
• Lützen, battle of, 510.
• Lyons, reception of Napoleon, 1799, 232, 286;
• 1814, 632.
• M
• Macdonald, Marshal, abdication of Napoleon, 589, 592.
• Mack, Austrian general, campaign against French republic, 222.
• Madrid, riot, 425. [See also Spain.]
• Mahometans, Napoleon’s policy in Egypt, 205–207.
• Maida, battle of, 349.
• Maitland, Captain, Napoleon on board the Bellerophon, 671–677.
• Malet conspiracy, 503.
• Malmaison—
• Anecdotes of Napoleon, 396–399.
• Death of Josephine—Napoleon’s visit in 1815, 643–644.
• Napoleon at, after Waterloo, 670, 671.
• Malta—
• British conquest, 292.
• Rupture of Peace of Amiens, 312.
• Capture by Napoleon, 201–202.
• Mamelukes, rulers of Egypt, defeated by Napoleon, 200–205, 216.
• Mantua, siege and capitulation, 160–169.
• Marbeuf, General, friendship during boyhood of Napoleon, 24, 30.
• Marbois, mismanagement of finances, 352–354.
• Marbot, General—
• Madrid riot, 425.
• Memoirs, 232, 233, 278, 347.
• Marengo, battle of, 278–287, 404.
• Marguerite, peasant at Brienne, visit to, 334.
• Maria Louisa, wife of Napoleon—
• Character of, 460–461, 468.
• Desertion of Napoleon, 606, 611, 642, 690, 696.
• Empress Regent in 1814, betrayal of Napoleon, 564, 575.
• King of Rome born, 1811, 465–467.
• Marriage, 457–460, 472.
• Marmont, General—
• Leipsic, battle of, 535.
• Operations in 1814, 573–578.
• Treachery of, 590–591.
• Marrac, château of, anecdotes of life at, 1808, 419–420.
• Masséna, General—
• Austrian campaign, 1809, Wagram, 410–448.
• Genoa, siege and evacuation, 279, 282, 283.
• Italian campaign, 162, 163, 168, 175, 176.
• Melas, defeated at Marengo, 280–286.
• Menou, General—
• English conquest of Egypt, 291.
• Revolt of the Sections, 106.
• Méry village, Napoleon at, 1814, 573.
• Metternich, Austrian diplomat—
• Austrian mediation—policy, and interview with Napoleon, 524, 554–562.
• Memoirs, 512–521, 545.
• Milan—
• Claim on Corsica, 4.
• French occupation of, 151–153.
• Josephine joins Napoleon, 1796, 192.
• Napoleon crowned King of Italy, 336.
• Milan Decree, 416.
• Military of France, see Army.
• Miot de Melito—designs of Napoleon, 181, 182.
• Modena, union with papal legations and Cisalpine, 195.
• Modena, Duke of, peace terms offered to Napoleon, 151, 152, 182.
• Monarchy, French—
• Empire, see that title.
• Limited monarchy under Louis XVIII, 599, 611.
• Montebello, Lannes’s victory, 283.
• Montenotte victory, 139–140.
• Montmirail, battle of, 570.
• Mont St. Jean, battle of, 657.
• Moore, Sir J., retreat and death at Corunna, 432, 433.
• Moreau, General—
• Conspiracy against Napoleon, 319–328.
• Coup d’état of 18th Brumaire, 243.
• Death of, 532.
• Defeated by Archduke Charles, 161, 162.
• Desertion of Napoleon, 525–532.
• Pichegru’s arrest by Augereau, captured despatches, 183.
• Soissons surrender, 563.
• War with Austria, Hohenlinden victory, 279, 290.
• Moscow—
• Fire, 486.
• Retreat of French army, 482–499, 504.
• Moulins, fall of Directory, 18th Brumaire, 239–247.
• Muiron, saves life of Napoleon, 164.
• Murad Bey, Mameluke chief, defeat of, 204.
• Murat, General—
• Bourbon restoration, 1814, 624.
• Cavalry leader, qualities as, 155, 640.
• Desertion and betrayal of Napoleon, 507, 541, 562, 563.
• Discontent of, desire to become king, 426, 437, 461.
• Dresden, battle of, 1813, 529.
• Execution of, 691.
• Eylau, battle of, 381.
• Grand Duchy of Berg created, 1806, 351.
• Italian colors conveyed to France, 1796, 144, 147.
• Italian independence proclaimed by, failure of, 639–640.
• Madrid riot, 425.
• Moscow, advance and retreat, 483–499.
• Naples, king of, 437.
• Russians, defeat of, 1805, 343–345.
• Spain, campaign in, 1808, 419, 421.
• Turkish commander Mustapha, defeat of, 219.
• Warsaw gayeties, 375–380.
• Mustapha defeated by Murat, 219.
• N
• Naples—
• Joseph Bonaparte as King of, 350.
• Murat succeeds Joseph as King, 437.
• Napoleon’s policy in 1796, 157.
• Parthenopean republic proclaimed, 223.
• Napoleon—
• Abdication, 589–594, 669–670.
• Ajaccio, see that title.
• Army of France, see that title.
• Arrest, overthrow of Robespierre, 1794, 89–91.
• Birth and parentage, 17–22.
• Birth of King of Rome, 465–467.
• Boyhood, anecdotes of, 22–42.
• Brienne, see that title.
• Campaigns, see names of countries, Italy, Egypt, etc.
• Coalitions, see that title.
• Comparison with rulers, etc., of same period, 289, 423, 430, 654.
• Consulate, see that title.
• Coronation, 331–333;
• anniversary of, 346.
• Corsica, see that title.
• Death, 696–697.
• Deserted and betrayed, 587, 590–595.
• Directory, see that title.
• Education, 22–38.
• Elba, see that title.
• Empire, see that title.
• England, see that title.
• Europe, Napoleon’s relations with, conditions existing at commencement of career, 121, 122.
• European monarchs, antagonism of, 355–358.
• Exhaustion, 653–656, 666, 669–670, 675.
• Family affairs 41, 65, 70, 87.
• French Revolution, see that title.
• Funeral at St. Helena, 1821, 697–698;
• Paris ceremonies, 1840, 700–703.
• Germany, see that title.
• Habits and characteristics, 196–199, 294–295, 389–411, 683–694.
• High-water mark of power, 412.
• Honors, distribution, 350.
• Hundred days, 635, 675, 684.
• Hunting, 507.
• Illness, 530, 531, 694–696.
• Immortality, 18, 690–704.
• Italy, see that title.
• Jacobin denunciation of Napoleon, 86.
• Josephine, see that title.
• Maria Louisa, see that title.
• Marriage with Josephine, 130–132, 198;
• divorce, 455–457.
• Marriage with Maria Louisa, 457–460, 472.
• Paoli, see that title.
• Paris, see that title.
• Personal appearance, 1785, 39, 40;
• 1795, 100;
• 1807, 386–388;
• 1814, 644–646.
• Plots against life of Napoleon, 197, 288–289, 317–328, 451.
• Poverty and economy, 53, 54, 61.
• Prussia, see that title.
• Religious views at St. Helena, 687–690.
• Republic, see that title.
• Results of victories of Napoleon, 413.
• Russia, see that title.
• St. Helena, see that title.
• Spain, see that title.
• Studies and writings, 34–45, 53, 54, 65, 67, 72.
• Succession, speculations as to, 451.
• Turkey, see that title.
• Valence, see that title.
• Will, 696–697.
• [See also names of countries, and political events.]
• Napoleon, son of Hortense and Louis Bonaparte, death of, 452, 463.
• Napoleon II, see Rome, king of.
• Narbonne, Count, French invasion of Russia, 1812, 478.
• Neipperg and Maria Louisa, 606, 643, 690.
• Nelson, Lord—
• Death at Trafalgar, 342.
• Hatred of the French, 84.
• Italy, murder of Carraccioli, 226.
• Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition, battle of the Nile, etc., 201, 208.
• Neuhoff, T. de, King of Corsica, 11–13.
• Ney, General—
• Abdication of Napoleon, 589–590.
• Dresden, battle of, 529.
• Campaign of 1814–15, battle of Waterloo, etc., 649, 651–669.
• Elchingen, battle of, 343.
• Execution of, 691.
• Germany, rising in, 1813, 510.
• Marshal, 332.
• Moscow retreat, 495, 496.
• Return of Napoleon from Elba, 627, 632, 633.
• Russian campaign, 1807, 381, 383.
• Niemen—
• Interview with Czar of Russia, 1807, 383.
• Passage across, 1812, 479, 481.
• Nile, battle of, 208.
• Norway, transference to Swedish rule, 623.
• O
• Oldenburg taken by Napoleon, 472.
• Orezzo, Corsican general assembly, 51, 52.
• Oudinot, Marshal, Memoirs, Erfurth conference, 428.
• P
• Paoli, Corsican general—
• British protectorate plan for Corsica, 92.
• First meeting with Napoleon, 52.
• Independence struggle, 12–16.
• Quarrel and struggle with Napoleon, 60–68, 198.
• Return to Corsica, 1790, after exile, 51.
• “Parallel between Cæsar, Cromwell, Monk, and Bonaparte,” pamphlet, 289.
• Paris—
• Bourbon restoration, 1814, 583–586.
• Coronation of Napoleon, 333.
• Exile of Napoleon from Corsica, 61–63.
• Fall of, 1814, 576–581.
• Farewell of Napoleon to National Guard, 1814, 564.
• Funeral of Napoleon, 1840, 700–703.
• Military school, Napoleon at, 33–35.
• Reception of Napoleon, 1800, 287;
• return from Elba, 633.
• Return of Napoleon from Russia, 1812, 499–500, 504.
• Parma, Duke of, contribution to Napoleon, 146, 147.
• Parthenopean republic proclaimed, 223.
• Pasquier records, 560, 565.
• Peninsular war, 417–434.
• Permon family, early intimacy with Napoleon, 33–36, 64, 98–100, 113, 337, 406.
• Phélippeaux, aid to Turks against Napoleon, 212.
• Pichegru—
• Banishment of, 183, 258.
• Brienne college, 30.
• Conspiracy against Napoleon, 318–328.
• Suicide of, 328.
• Piedmont, invasion of, 87, 138–143, 146, 150.
• Pisa, war with Genoa over Corsica, 2.
• Pitt, W.—
• Administration and policy, 116, 117.
• Death of, 359.
• Plague among troops in Egypt, 217, 218.
• Pleiswitz, armistice of, 511, 545, 554.
• Poland—
• Aid to Napoleon in Spain, etc., 374–377, 431.
• Independence, Napoleon’s policy, 372–377, 473, 480–481.
• Napoleon at Warsaw, 372–381.
• Princess Potocka, memoirs, 375–380.
• Russian possession—Vienna Congress, 1814, 622, 623.
• Walewski, Mme., see that title.
• Pope—
• Concordat sanctioned, 302–309.
• Coronation of Napoleon, 333.
• Loosed from Fontainebleau, 1814, 613.
• Quarrel with Napoleon, 337, 453–455;
• reconciliation, 508–509.
• Temporal power abolished, 222, 453, 454, 558.
• Terms with Napoleon, 1796, violation, 157–173.
• Portugal—
• English invasion, 1808, defeat of the French, 427.
• French invasion, 1808, 417–418.
• Pouzet, General, death of, 444–445.
• Pozzo di Borgo—
• British occupation of Corsica, 92, 93.
• Enmity to Napoleon, 58–60.
• Prague, Congress of, 521–523, 545.
• Presburg, treaty of, 347.
• Press censorship, 1814, 614.
• Provera, Austrian general—Italian defeat, 167–169.
• Prussia—
• Ally of France in war of 1812, 476.
• Berlin entered by Napoleon, 1806, 366–369.
• Hanover ceded to, 357, 359, 363.
• Neutrality of, 1799, 277.
• Policy denounced, 363.
• Reorganization, 413.
• Tilsit, Treaty of, 384.
• Vienna Congress, 1814, dispute as to division of territory, 620–623.
• War threatened, 1804, 357.
• War with Napoleon, 1806, overthrow of Prussian monarchy, battle of Jena, 359–366, 403.
• War of 1814–15, battle of Waterloo, etc., 566, 648–671.
• Pultusk, battle of, 378, 383.
• Pyramids, battle of, 204–205.
• Q
• Quasdanovitch, Austrian general, defeat of, 160.
• Quatre-Bras, battle of, 650–654.
• R
• Rampon, Napoleon’s victory of Montenotte, 139–140.
• Rastadt, Congress of, 330.
• Ratisbonne, battle of, 440, 451.
• Red sea incident, 207.
• Reichenbach, treaty of, 516.
• Republic of France—
• Consulate, Directory, etc., see those titles.
• European leagues to restore Old Order in France, 115–121.
• First organized, 13th Vendémiaire, 107.
• Reorganization, 256–273, 295–302.
• Rheims, battle of, 574.
• Rhine, see Confederation of the Rhine.
• Robespierre, Napoleon denounced as friend of, 71, 89, 90.
• Rocca, see Della Rocca.
• Roman Catholic Church, see Church.
• Rome—
• Neapolitan army in, 222–223.
• Pope, see that title.
• Republic, 221–224.
• Rome, King of, Napoleon’s son—
• Abdication of Napoleon in favor of, 589–592.
• Austrian treatment of, palace of Schönbrunn, 611.
• Birth of, 465–467.
• Message to Napoleon at Elba, 643.
• Terms of treaty of Fontainebleau violated by Allies, 606–607.
• Rose, J. H., Napoleon’s seizures of British ships, 316.
• Ruffo, attack on republicans of Naples, treaty of peace, 225–226.
• Russia—
• Alexander, see that title.
• Alliance to Prussia, 358, 429.
• Bourbon restoration in France, 1814, 583–586.
• Coalitions, 1799, 224;
• 1805, 339–348;
• 1813, 525–541;
• 1814–15, 566–648.
• Continental system opposed, 470–478.
• Erfurth conference, 428.
• French invasion, Moscow, etc., 1812, 470–504.
• Lukewarm support to Napoleon in war of 1809, 441, 472.
• Rising in Germany against France, 1813, 507–514.
• Tilsit, Treaty of, 1807, 383–385, 470–478.
• Vienna Congress, 1814, dispute as to division of territories, 620–623.
• War with Turkey on the Danube, 473, 475, 481.
• S
• St. Cloud, coup d’état of 18th Brumaire, 241–255.
• St. Cyr, Dresden defence and Leipsic defeat, 1813, 527, 535.
• Saint-Denis school, visit to, 561.
• St. Dizier, battle of, 568, 577.
• St. Domingo, negro revolt, failure of French expedition, 310.
• St. Helena, Napoleon’s exile—
• British deception, 672–676.
• Death and funeral of Napoleon, 696–698.
• Farewell of Napoleon at Malmaison, 671.
• Life at St. Helena, 679–699.
• Negotiations for removal of Napoleon from Elba, 1814, 607, 608.
• St. Jean, battle of, 657.
• St. Jean d’Acre, siege of, 215.
• Salamanca, battle of, 522.
• Salicetti, intimacy with Napoleon, 71, 77, 87, 89, 91, 93, 98, 99.
• Sambuccio, Corsican leader, organization of village confederation, 2.
• Sampiero, Corsican leader, 5–8, 692.
• San Marino, rights of, respected by Napoleon, 173.
• Sardinia, French invasion of, 66, 138–143.
• Saxony—
• Desertion to enemies of Napoleon, 1813, 537.
• Prussian possession, Vienna Congress, 1814, 622, 623.
• Saxony, Queen of, reproaches Metternich for deserting Napoleon, 546.
• Schérer, in command of army of Italy, succeeded by Napoleon, 135, 136.
• Schwarzenberg, Austrian Prince—
• Dresden hostilities, 1813, 527, 529, 534, 536.
• Invasion of France, 1814, 566–577.
• Paris fête in honor of Napoleon and Maria Louisa, 460.
• Scotchman’s story of Napoleon at Elba, 608–610.
• Sébastiani, General—
• Military situation, 1813, 524.
• Turkey refuses to join coalition against France, 415.
• Sections, revolt and disarmament, 105–109.
• Ségur—
• Memoirs of Napoleon, 341.
• Wounded in Spain, 431.
• Seine overflow, Napoleon’s embankment, 410.
• Sémonville, French commissioner,—
• Napoleon’s defence of France in Corsica, 68.
• Senate, French—
• Deposition of Napoleon, 1814, 588.
• Sieyès’ plan of government, 1800, 266.
• Sérurier, Italian campaign, 169, 170.
• Sheridan, R. B., speech in British House of Commons, 614.
• Sieyès’ new constitution after overthrow of Directory, 237–253, 265–270.
• Smolensk, advance on, 482.
• Smith, Sir S., aid to Arabs against Napoleon, 212, 215, 220.
• Social conditions in France—
• Reform of, 295.
• Thellusson ball, 132–134.
• Soissons surrender—treachery of Moreau, 573.
• Sommo Sierra mountain pass, blockade by Spanish bands, 431.
• Spain—
• Alliance with France violated, 1807, 417.
• Bonaparte, Joseph, see that title.
• Ferdinand, see that title.
• French invasion, 1807–8, 419–434.
• Crown surrendered to Napoleon, 419–424.
• Progress of the war, neglect of Napoleon, 452, 455.
• Unpopularity of the war in France, 437.
• Improvements by Napoleon, 410.
• Internal disputes, Godoy and Ferdinand, 418–421.
• Madrid, riot, 425.
• Reorganization of government by Napoleon, complaint of Joseph Bonaparte, 1809, 435.
• Staël, Mme. de, banishment of, 399, 408, 414
• “Supper of Beaucaire,” pamphlet by Napoleon, 65, 72.
• Suwarow, Russian general, victories in Italy, 224.
• Sweden—
• Bernadotte, see that title.
• Coalition of 1805 against France, 339.
• Switzerland, Helvetic republic proclaimed, 222.
• Syria, invasion of, 213.
• T
• Talleyrand, French diplomat—
• Betrayal of Napoleon and conspiracy against, 437–439, 552, 579.
• Bourbon restoration, abdication of Napoleon, 1814, 583–588.
• Death of, 688.
• Execution of Duke d’Enghien, 324–327.
• Germany, reorganization, 330.
• Turkish mission proposal, 200.
• Vienna Congress, 1814, 620–623.
• Warsaw gayeties, 377.
• Tallien, Mme., character of, 127, 128, 130, 134.
• Tariff, see Continental system.
• Taxation reforms during Consulate, 261–262, 271.
• Thames embankment, Napoleon’s suggestion, 410.
• Thellusson ball, society conditions, 132–134.
• Theodore, King of Corsica, 11–13.
• Theosophy, sect, 260.
• Thiébault, Memoirs of, 108, 110, 434, 645.
• Tilsit, Treaty of, 1807, 383–385.
• Continental system supported by Russia, 385;
• violation, 470–478.
• Tolentino, treaty of, 1797, 173.
• Toulon, siege of, military genius of Napoleon, 72–83.
• Toussaint L’Ouverture—
• Revolt of St. Domingo against France, 311.
• Treatment of, by Napoleon, 408.
• Trafalgar, battle of, 342.
• Transpadane republic established, 194.
• Turkey—
• Coalition, refusal to join in, 1807, 415.
• Defeated by Napoleon in Egypt, 212–220.
• Invasion of Corsica, 6.
• Military system reorganized, 103, 104.
• War with Russia on the Danube, 473, 475, 481.
• Turreau, wife of, battle incident, 92.
• Tyrolese revolt, 450.
• U
• Ulm campaign, 341.
• Undaunted, British ship, conveyance of Napoleon to Elba, 601, 604–605.
• United States, sale of Louisiana to, 316, 317.
• Ushant, Napoleon’s last sight of France, 678, 679.
• V
• Valeggio, narrow escape of Napoleon from Austrians, 154.
• Valence—
• Napoleon joins regiment of La Fère, social life, etc., 35.
• National oath ceremonies, 1791, 55.
• Reception of Napoleon, 1799, 233.
• Valette, General, troops condemned by Napoleon, 189.
• Valladolid, Napoleon’s ride to Bayonne, 1809, 433, 434.
• Vandamme, defeated at Kulm, 530, 531.
• Vannina, wife of Sampiero, 6, 7.
• Vaubois, defeat of, 162, 166.
• Vendémiaire [13th] Napoleon acting chief in, 107.
• Venice, Napoleon’s policy, disturbances in Venetia, 155, 156, 178–180.
• Victor, General, captured by Prussians, 379.
• Vienna—
• Fall of, 1809, 441.
• Marriage of Napoleon and Maria Louisa by proxy, 1810, 458.
• Vienna Congress, 620–626.
• Consternation at return of Napoleon from Elba, 626, 639.
• Dispute between four powers, 620–623.
• Vienna, Treaty of, 357, 472.
• Villeneuve, Admiral, failure of expedition to England, 340.
• Vimeiro, battle of, 427.
• Vincentello, Corsican struggle, 3, 4.
• Vitebsk, delay at, war of 1812, 481, 482.
• Vittolo, Corsican struggle, 8.
• Vittoria, battle of, 430, 522.
• W
• Wagram, battle of, 447–448.
• Walewski, Mme., favorite of Napoleon, 378–383.
• Visit to Napoleon at Fontainebleau, 1814, 594.
• Warsaw—
• Grand Duchy of, 374, 472, 480.
• Napoleon at, 1806–7, 372–381.
• Waterloo, battle of, 660–667.
• Regrets at St. Helena, 634–685.
• Wellington, Duke of—
• Canova’s statue of Napoleon, anecdote, 368.
• Invasion of France, 1814, 566.
• Napoleon’s hatred of, 685.
• Vimeiro, battle of, 427.
• Waterloo, battle of, Blücher’s coöperation in war of 1814–15, 648–671.
• Westphalia, monarchy under Jerome Bonaparte, 351, 384.
• Napoleon’s policy and advice to Jerome, 412, 413.
• Old Order restored, 1814, 612, 613.
• Whitworth, Lord, British ambassador to Paris, 1804, 313.
• Wilna, delay at—French invasion of Russia, 1812, 481.
• Wolseley, Lord, opinion of Napoleon, 411.
• Wurmser, Austrian general, defeated by Napoleon, 159–169.