Napoleon and Josephine

INDEX

Abrantès, Duchesse d’, 59
Alexander, Czar, 235, 367, 369, 371, 372
Anne, Grand Duchess of Russia, 320
Arenberg, Mme. d’, see Tascher, Stéphanie
Arnault, author, 60, 63, 64
Artois, Comte d’, 130, 138
Aubenas, author, 11
Augusta of Bavaria, (wife of Eugène), 188, 193, 221, 360
Avrillon, Mlle., author, 155, 171, 173, 288, 293, 354

Bacciochi, Prince Félix, 69
Bacciochi, Princesse, see Bonaparte, Élisa
Barral, Archbishop, 376
Barras, director, 44–46, 48
Bausset, palace prefect, 287–291
Beauharnais, Alexandre, birth (28 May 1760), 8;
his early years, 12;
education, 13;
Mme. Renaudin’s interest in him, 13;
enters the army, 14;
plans for his marriage, 15;
letter of his father, 15;
marriage to Joséphine (19 Dec. 1779), 18;
sails for Martinique (1782), 19;
repudiates Joséphine, 20;
returns to France (1783), 21;
refuses reconciliation, 22;
separation arranged (1785), 22;
elected to States-General (1789), 27;
president of the Assembly (1791), 29;
flight of the Royal family, 29;
retires to the country, 30;
rejoins the army, 30;
commands Army of Rhine, 31;
his disgraceful failure, 32;
resigns command, 32;
retires to Blois, 34;
arrested and imprisoned (1794), 34;
his execution, 35;
his daughter’s pride in him, 107
Beauharnais, Eugène, birth (3 Sept. 1781), 19;
on staff of Hoche, 39;
in school at Saint-Germain, 44;
claims his father’s sword, 49;
intercedes for his mother, 83;
his treatment by the Emperor, 144;
at the Marengo review, 170;
made Viceroy of Italy, 172;
marriage to Augusta, 192–194;
his character and appearance, 192;
adopted by the Emperor, 193, 258;
summoned to Paris (Dec. 1809), 296;
his difficult position, 296;
arranges final conference, 297;
refuses Crown of Italy, 297;
his address to the Senate, 301;
visits his mother at Aix, 334;
also at Navarre, 344;
brings news of birth of King of Rome, 345;
at Paris before Russian campaign, 350;
given command of Grand Army, 356;
attitude towards Napoleon, 359;
the Emperor’s suspicions (1814), 360;
letter from Joséphine, 361;
leaves Italy, 368;
called to Paris, 369;
received by the King, 370;
part in Joséphine’s estate, 382
Beauharnais, François, 6–8, 10, 15
Beauharnais, Hortense, birth (10 April 1783), 20;
repudiated by her father, 20;
goes to Martinique with her mother, 24;
placed in Mme. Campan’s school, 44;
intercedes for her mother, 84;
plans for her marriage, 102;
her appearance and character, 106;
love of her mother, 107;
pride in her father, 107;
early dislike of Napoleon, 107;
fancy for Duroc, 108;
wounded by infernal machine, 109;
marriage to Louis, 112;
hostess at Tuileries, 199;
births of her children, 200;
Queen of Holland, 201;
residence at The Hague, 201;
visit to Mayence, 201;
death of Charles, 225;
her despair, 226;
letters from the Emperor, 228–231;
visit to Cauterêts, 239;
reconciliation with Louis, 239;
return to Fontainebleau, 239;
her illness, 239;
refuses to return to Holland, 247;
birth of Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III), 267;
her interview with Napoleon at time of divorce, 292;
abdication of Louis, 335;
visits her mother at Aix, 336;
also at Navarre, 344, 365;
at Malmaison (1814), 367;
receives the Czar, 367;
created Duchesse de Saint-Leu, 370;
entertains the Czar, 371;
at her mother’s deathbed, 373;
part in Joséphine’s estate, 382;
at Malmaison with Napoleon (1815), 383
Beauharnais, Stéphanie, (Grand Duchess of Baden), 195, 197, 246, 247
Bonaparte, Caroline, (Mme. Murat), 92, 112, 142, 155
Bonaparte, Élisa, (Mme. Bacciochi), 69, 142, 155
Bonaparte, Jérôme, 124, 171, 238, 246
Bonaparte, Joseph, 78, 99, 127, 269
Bonaparte, Letitia, (Mme. Mère), 69, 149
Bonaparte, Louis, 103, 104, 105, 106, 111, 112, 198–201
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon, (Napoleon III), 267, 357
Bonaparte, Lucien, 78, 98, 102–103, 123, 257
Bonaparte, Napoleon-Charles, 200, 225
Bonaparte, Napoleon-Louis, 157, 200
Bonaparte, Pauline, (Mme. Leclerc, later Princesse de Borghèse), 69, 120, 155
Borghèse, Prince de, 121
Bouillé, Marquis de, 19, 29
Bourrienne, secretary, 199
Broc, Mme. de, 358

Cadoudal, Georges, 130–134
Calmelet, 53
Cambacérès, 140, 285, 303
Caprara, Cardinal, 112, 145
Carnot, director, 99
Catherine, of Würtemberg, (wife of Jérôme), 238, 246
Caulaincourt, 135, 320
Charles, Hippolyte, 65, 78
Charles, Grand Duke of Baden, 188, 195, 196
Charles, King, (of Spain), 263–269
Cochelet, Mlle., reader to Hortense, 366
Corvisart, Dr., 381

David, painter, 150
Dénuelle, Mlle., 225
Dupont, General, 270
Duroc, grand marshal, 108, 115, 256

Emmery, merchant, 39
Enghien, Duc d’, 134–137
Eugène, Prince, see Beauharnais

Ferdinand, Prince, (of Spain), 263–269
Fesch, Cardinal, 148, 153, 321
Flahaut, Charles de, 336
Fouché, minister, 100, 102, 139, 252–254, 278, 286
Fourès, Mme., 80

Gazzani, Mme., reader to Joséphine, 246, 380
Georges, Mlle., actress, 119
Girardin, Stanislas, 279
Gohier, director, 86

Hatzfeld, Prince, 206
Hoche, General, 35, 38
Horau, Dr., 381
Hortense, see Beauharnais

Isabey, painter, 152

Joséphine, birth (23 June 1763), 9;
confusion of dates, 9;
childhood, 12;
education, 12;
appearance and character, 12;
she takes her sister’s place, 16;
arrives in France, 17;
first marriage (19 Dec. 1779), 18;
life in Paris, 18;
birth of Eugène (3 Sept. 1781), 19;
departure of Alexandre, 19;
birth of Hortense (10 April 1783), 20;
repudiated by Alexandre, 20;
he returns to France, 21;
refuses reconciliation, 22;
separation arranged (1785), 22;
her sojourn at Panthémont, 23;
residence at Fontainebleau, 24;
voyage to Martinique (1788), 24–26;
returns to France (1790), 28;
residence in Paris, 29;
house at Croissy, 32;
imprisoned in the Carmes (1794), 34;
execution of Alexandre, 35;
she is released, 37;
her behavior in prison, 37;
returns to Croissy, 38;
relations with Hoche, 38;
financial straits, 39–40;
her banker Emmery, 39;
her love of luxury, 41;
intimacy with Mme. Tallien, 41;
their similar tastes, 42;
her new home Rue Chantereine (Oct. 1795), 42;
places children in school, 44;
liaison with Barras, 45–47;
during 13 Vendémiaire, 48;
meets Bonaparte (15 Oct.), 49;
her appearance at that time, 50;
letter to Bonaparte, 51;
her hesitation about marriage, 52;
final consent, 53;
marriage to Bonaparte (9 March 1796), 54;
his departure for Italy, 54;
his first letter, 56;
her indifference, 56;
his second letter, 57;
hesitation to rejoin him, 59;
at of battle flags, 60;
her life at Paris, 63;
starts for Italy (July), 64;
regret at leaving, 64;
arrival at Milan, 65;
her ennui there, 66;
letter to Mme. Renaudin, 66;
her delayed honeymoon, 67;
court at Montebello (1797), 69;
her aid to Napoleon’s policy, 70;
she returns to Paris (Jan. 1798), 72;
attends Talleyrand fête, 73;
suspicious letter to Barras, 74;
accompanies Bonaparte to Toulon (May), 75;
goes to Plombières, 76;
serious accident, 77;
buys Malmaison, 77;
intrigue with Charles, 78;
hears of Bonaparte’s return (Oct. 1799), 83;
fails to meet him, 83;
their reconciliation, 84;
her debts paid, 84;
rôle in coup d’état, 85;
moves to Luxembourg, 87;
life there, 88;
her important rôle, 90;
devotion to Napoleon, 90;
secret of her power, 90;
her royalism, 90;
assistance to émigrés, 91;
importance to Napoleon’s policy, 91;
interest in marriage of Murat, 92;
moves to Tuileries (Feb. 1800), 93;
the new society, 94;
visits to Malmaison, 95;
her fears of divorce, 101;
the disgrace of Lucien, 103;
chooses Louis for Hortense, 103;
the infernal machine (Dec.), 109;
narrow escape, 109;
dismay over public attitude, 110;
visit to Plombières, 112;
marriage of Hortense (Jan. 1802), 112;
trip to Normandie, 116;
her appearance at 40, 117;
her life at Saint-Cloud, 118;
scene of jealousy at Tuileries, 119;
visit to Belgium, 127;
pacific counsels to Bonaparte, 131;
reveals plans regarding Duc d’Enghien, 136;
hailed as Empress (18 May 1804), 141;
her fine attitude, 143;
at the fêtes of 14 July, 144;
visit to Banks of the Rhine, 145;
return to Saint-Cloud, 147;
triumph over the Bonapartes, 149;
religious marriage (Dec.), 153;
at the Coronation, 154–155;
her daily life, 158–168;
places of residence, 158;
frequent changes at Tuileries, 159, 160;
her rooms at Saint-Cloud, 161;
daily routine, 162;
personal attendants, 162;
her toilette, 163;
lingerie and robes, 164;
lavish expenditures, 165;
debts paid by the Emperor, 166;
life at Tuileries, 167;
journey to Italy (1805), 169;
at Milan coronation (26 May), 171;
grief over elevation of Eugène, 172;
her husband’s attachment, 173;
the Genoa fêtes, 174;
return to France, 174;
visit to Plombières, 175;
sojourn at Strasbourg, 177;
Napoleon’s letters, 178–182;
goes to Munich, 184;
her selfishness, 186;
at marriage of Eugène (Jan. 1806), 187–195;
return to Paris, 195;
goes to Mayence (1806), 202;
Napoleon’s letters, 203–212;
return to Paris, 220;
her cordial welcome, 220;
her loneliness, 221;
birth of Eugène’s daughter, 221;
grief at death of Charles (May 1807), 226;
meets Hortense at Laeken, 226;
Napoleon’s letters, 228–231;
return to Paris, 232;
letters to Hortense, 233;
at the Fontainebleau fêtes, 246–247;
the divorce first proposed, 249;
refuses to take initiative, 251;
action in reply to Fouché’s letter, 252–253;
death of her mother, 256;
letters during Napoleon’s trip to Italy, 259;
her fear of divorce, 261;
a remarkable episode, 262;
marriage of her cousin, Mlle. de Tascher, 262;
sojourn at Bayonne (1808), 264;
joins Napoleon at Marrac, 267;
joy over birth of Louis-Napoleon (April), 267;
return to Saint-Cloud, 270;
left at Paris during Erfurt meeting, 272;
also during Spanish campaign, 275;
letters of the Emperor, 276;
she reveals the succession plot, 279;
goes to Strasbourg, 280;
Napoleon’s letters, 281–284;
meets Emperor at Fontainebleau (1809), 286;
her cold reception, 286;
her appearance at 46, 288;
receives announcement of divorce (30 Nov.), 289;
a pretended swoon, 290;
the final fêtes, 294;
arrival of Eugène, 296;
final conference, 297;
address at the divorce (15 Dec.), 299;
departure for Malmaison, 303;
her legend, 304;
her dowry, 306;
her debts paid, 307;
first days at Malmaison, 307;
visits and letters from Emperor, 308–317;
Christmas dinner at Trianon, 311;
her interest in Austrian marriage, 313;
goes to Élysée palace, 318;
returns to Malmaison, 322;
presented with Navarre (1810), 322;
its dilapidated condition, 324;
worried over Paris gossip, 326;
letter to Napoleon and his reply, 327–328;
he agrees to her plans, 329;
she returns to Malmaison, 330;
her Court there, 331;
anxiety about Hortense, 332;
visit from the Emperor, 333;
goes to Aix-les-Bains, 334;
visit from Eugène, 334;
informed of Louis’ abdication, 335;
narrow escape, 336;
arrival of Hortense, 336;
tour of Switzerland, 337;
upset by reports regarding Marie-Louise, 337–339;
rejects advice of Mme. de Rémusat, 340;
returns to Malmaison, 341;
monotonous life at Navarre (1811), 342;
her health improved, 343;
visits from her children, 344;
her fête-day, 344;
news of birth of King of Rome (March), 345;
her debts paid again, 346;
plans new chateau at Malmaison, 349;
exchanges Élysée for Laeken, 349;
passes winter at Malmaison, 350;
visit to Milan (1812), 351;
sojourns at Aix and Prégny, 352;
return to Paris, 352;
hears of Malet plot, 353;
anxiety over Moscow disaster, 353;
meets King of Rome (Dec. 1812), 355;
visit from Hortense’s sons, 357;
news of death of Mme. de Broc, 358;
writes Eugène at request of Emperor (1814), 361;
leaves for Navarre, 363;
arrival of Hortense, 365;
news of abdication (April), 366;
returns to Malmaison, 367;
receives the Czar, 367;
fears for her children, 371;
final illness and death (29 May), 372;
her association with Martinique, 375;
her statue at Fort-de-France, 375;
her legend, 376;
her claims to beauty, 377;
her intellect, 378;
her prodigality, 378;
her magnetism, 379;
her desire to please, 380;
her affections, 380;
her falsehoods, 381;
her final deception, 381;
fate of her homes, 382;
her succession, 382;
her memory, 384
Jouberthou, Mme., (wife of Lucien), 123
Junot, General, 263
Junot, Mme., see Abrantès

La Rochefoucauld, Duc de, 13, 14
Lavalette, General, 67, 275
Lavoisier, 27
Leclerc, General, 69
Leclerc, Mme., see Bonaparte, Pauline
Léon, (son of Napoleon), 225
Louis-Napoleon, see Bonaparte
Louis XVIII, 100
Louisa, Queen, 205, 235

Marie-Louise, Empress, 321, 337, 362
Maximilian, King of Bavaria, 188, 190
Méneval, secretary, 115, 302
Metternich, Mme., 312–313
Metternich, Prince, 314
Moreau, General, 131–133
Murat, General, 92, 112, 207, 264

Napoleon, during 13 Vendémiaire (Oct. 1795), 48;
returns sword to Eugène, 49;
meets Joséphine (15 Oct.), 49;
her letter to him, 51;
his first letter, 51;
decides on marriage, 52;
civil ceremony (9 March 1796), 54;
leaves for Italy, 54;
first letter during campaign, 56;
his victories, 58;
second proclamation, 58;
sends for Joséphine, 59;
victory of Lodi (10 May), 61;
enters Milan (15 May), 62;
his delayed honeymoon, 67;
end of campaign, 68;
his letters to Joséphine, 68;
court of Montebello (1797), 69;
the family reunion (June), 69;
peace of Campo-Formio (Oct.), 71;
leaves for Rastadt, 71;
returns to Paris (Dec.), 71;
at the Talleyrand fête (2 Jan. 1798), 73;
clash with Mme. de Staël, 73;
buys Hôtel Chantereine, 74;
his tour of inspection, 74;
his fortune, 75;
leaves for Toulon, 75;
sails for Egypt (19 May), 76;
hears reports of Joséphine’s infidelity, 79;
liaison with Mme. Fourès, 80;
leaves Egypt (Aug. 1799), 82;
lands at Fréjus (9 Oct.), 83;
reaches Paris (16 Oct.), 83;
pardons Joséphine, 84;
pays her debts, 84;
during the coup d’état (9–10 Nov.), 86–87;
made Consul, 87;
moves to Luxembourg (11 Nov.), 87;
life there, 88;
marries Caroline to Murat (Jan. 1800), 92;
moves to Tuileries (19 Feb.), 93;
life there, 94;
visits to Malmaison, 94;
the château, 95;
his affability, 95;
his problems as First Consul, 96;
success of his administration, 97;
reception after Marengo (July), 97;
the “Conspiracy,” 98;
answers the Pretender, 100;
decision to amend Constitution, 101;
disgraces Lucien, 103;
the infernal machine (24 Dec.), 109;
public demands for an heir, 110;
made Consul for Life (2 Aug. 1802), 114;
takes possession of Saint-Cloud, 114;
his apartments, 115;
establishes court etiquette, 115;
trip to Normandie, 116;
absent at marriage of Pauline, 120;
enraged over marriages of Lucien and Jérôme, 123–124;
celebrated scene with British ambassador, 126;
visit to Belgium, 127;
episode at Mortefontaine, 128;
first suggestions of the Empire, 128;
reception at Brussels, 129;
the Royalist conspiracies, 130;
jealousy of Moreau, 131–132;
his trial and exile, 133;
execution of Duc d’Enghien (21 March 1804), 135–138;
proclaimed Emperor (18 May), 139;
yields to his family, 143;
his treatment of Eugène, 144;
at the 14 July fêtes, 144;
visit to Channel ports and the Rhine, 145;
return to Saint-Cloud, 147;
plans for Coronation, 148;
reception of Pope, 151;
religious marriage (1 Dec. 1804), 153;
ceremony at Notre-Dame, (2 Dec.), 154–156;
baptism of Napoleon-Louis, 157;
payment of Joséphine’s debts, 166;
journey to Italy, 169;
review at Marengo, 170;
reconciliation with Jérôme, 171;
coronation at Milan (26 May 1805), 171;
his satisfaction, 172;
makes Eugène Viceroy of Italy, 172;
his reproof of Joséphine, 172;
his attachment to her, 173;
at the Genoa fêtes, 174;
return to France, 174;
letters during Austerlitz campaign, 178–182;
arrival at Munich (31 Dec.), 187;
plans for family alliances, 188;
overcomes opposition, 190;
summons Eugène, 191;
marries him to Augusta (Jan. 1806), 194;
reception at Paris, 195;
marries Stéphanie to Charles (April), 195;
makes Louis King of Holland (5 June), 198;
during campaign of Jena, 202–207;
letters to Joséphine, 203–207;
enters Berlin, 205;
the Hatzfeld episode, 206;
goes to Poland, 208;
first meeting with Marie Walewska (Jan. 1807), 213;
beginning of their liaison, 215;
he orders Joséphine to return to Paris, 215;
minimizes his losses at Eylau, 217;
quarters at Osterode, 218;
letter to Joseph, 218;
letters to Joséphine, 219;
moves to Finckenstein, 222;
joined by Mme. Walewska, 222;
dictates as to Joséphine’s friends, 223;
birth of his son Léon, 225;
death of his nephew Charles (May), 225;
his apparent indifference, 231;
letters to Joséphine, Hortense and others, 228–231;
letters from Friedland and Tilsit, 234;
declines rose of Queen Louisa, 235;
return to Paris, 236;
makes Talleyrand vice-grand-elector, 237;
his fête (15 August), 238;
marries Jérôme to Catherine, 238;
takes part of Hortense against Louis, 239;
the Court at Fontainebleau, 240–248;
his grandeur described by Mme. de Rémusat, 241;
Napoleon’s power in 1807, 242;
his program of entertainment, 242;
his ennui, 244;
affair with Mme. Gazzani, 246;
reproves Jérôme, 246;
raises question of divorce, 249;
rebukes Fouché for meddling, 254;
goes to Italy, 257;
meets Lucien, 257;
adopts Eugène, 258;
letters to Joséphine, 259;
irresolution as to divorce, 262;
a remarkable scene, 262;
interest in Spanish crisis (1808), 263;
goes to Bayonne (April), 264;
sojourn at Marrac, 265;
letters to Empress, 265;
makes Joseph King of Spain (June), 269;
hears of Baylen disaster, 270;
returns to Saint-Cloud (Aug.), 270;
at the Erfurt conference (Sept.-Oct.), 271–274;
opens his heart to Alexander, 272;
instructs Talleyrand to open negotiations, 273;
letters to Joséphine, 274;
leaves for Spain (Nov.), 275;
his letters during campaign, 276;
return to Paris (Jan. 1809), 278;
scene at Tuileries, 278;
leaves for Strasbourg, 280;
wounded at Ratisbon, 280;
letters to the Empress, 281–284;
returns to Fontainebleau (Oct.), 284;
informs Cambacérès of divorce, 285;
cold reception of Joséphine, 286;
his hesitation, 288;
final announcement of divorce (30 Nov.), 289;
a comic episode, 290;
verdict of History, 290;
his sincere regret, 291;
interview with Hortense, 292;
the final fêtes, 294;
contretemps at Grosbois, 295;
arrival of Eugène, 296;
final conference, 297;
address at divorce (15 Dec.), 298;
leaves for Trianon, 302;
annulment of marriage, 303;
liberality to Joséphine, 306;
pays her debts, 307;
visits to Malmaison, 308–317;
Christmas dinner at Trianon, 311;
allows Joséphine to return to Paris (1810), 313;
his preference for Russian alliance, 319;
calls a conference (Jan.), 320;
marriage arranged with Marie-Louise, 320;
her arrival in Paris (March), 321;
advises Joséphine to leave, 322;
her formal letter, 327;
his cordial reply, 328;
he agrees to Joséphine’s plans, 329;
informs her of Louis’ abdication, 335;
writes about Marie-Louise, 337;
consents to her return, 340;
writes of birth of King of Rome (1811), 345;
again pays Joséphine’s debts, 346;
agrees to exchange Laeken for Élysée, 349;
comments on Malet conspiracy (1812), 354;
returns from Moscow (Dec.), 354;
last meeting with Joséphine (Dec.), 355;
gives Eugène command of Grand Army, 356;
his errors in campaign of 1813, 357;
suspicious of Eugène (1814), 360;
asks Joséphine to write him, 360;
his first abdication (6 April), 366;
his political testament, 366;
news of Joséphine’s death, 374;
his last visits to Malmaison (1815), 374, 383;
his belief in Joséphine, 383
Napoleon II, King of Rome, 345, 355
Napoleon-Charles, see Bonaparte
Napoleon-Louis, see Bonaparte
Nelson, Lord, 76

Patricol, tutor, 13
Patterson, Miss, (wife of Jérôme), 124, 171
Pichegru, 130–134
Pius VII, Pope, 148–157
Provence, Comte de, 100

Rapp, aide de camp, 110
Rémusat, Mme. de, 68, 116, 119, 126, 133, 194, 241, 310, 326, 340
Renaudin, Mme., (aunt of Joséphine), 7, 13, 15, 16, 17, 66

Salicetti, 61
Savary, minister, 137
Staël, Mme. de, 73

Talleyrand, minister, 73, 100, 129, 137, 189, 237, 244, 249, 253, 254, 255, 262, 273, 274, 278
Tallien, 41
Tallien, Mme., 41–42
Tascher de la Pagerie (family of Joséphine), 4–5, 10–11, 15–16, 25
Tascher, Stéphanie (Mme. d’ Arenberg), 262

Walewska, Marie, 213–224, 283, 380
Whitworth, Lord, 126

Napoleon and Josephine

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