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Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847 cover

Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847

Chapter 23: FOOTNOTES:
By John Rae
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About This Book

A firsthand narrative of an Arctic expedition launched from a Hudson Bay outpost that follows coastal navigation, repeated blockages by sea ice, and strategic overwintering onshore. The account details sled and boat journeys across isthmuses and peninsulas, surveyed routes, and the routine challenges of cold, storms, and scarce provisions. Frequent interaction with local Inuit groups is recorded, including assistance, trade, and indigenous knowledge that informs travel and hunting. Natural-history observations and practical survival techniques accompany mapped discoveries, and extensive appendices catalogue mammals, birds, fishes, plants, meteorological logs, and magnetic and geological data.

FOOTNOTES:

[5] The dovekie, or black guillemot (Uria grylle), breeds in great numbers in the Orkney islands. I believe ornithologists are mistaken in supposing that this bird becomes white or rather grey during the winter. It is only the young birds that are so; the old ones are seen in winter without any change in the colour of their summer plumage.

[6] This place is laid down on the chart as an island, but is a peninsula according to the account we received from the Esquimaux.

APPENDIX.

LIST OF MAMMALIA,

Collected during Mr. Rae's Expedition, with Observations by J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S. &c.

1. Mus Musculus. Linn. York Factory. Probably introduced from Europe.

2. Arctomys Parryi. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 158, tab. 10.

3. Lepus Glacialis. Leach. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 221.

Myodes.—The specimens brought by the expedition have enabled me to make some corrections in the characters assigned to these species. I may observe that the large size or peculiar form of the claws which has been regarded as a character of the species, appears to be peculiar to one sex—probably the males.

1. The upper cutting teeth narrow, smooth without any longitudinal groove. Thumb with a compressed curved acute claw. (Lemnus).

Myodes, Lemnus Pallas. Glires 77 of Sweden.

Myodes Helvolus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 128, belong to this section. All the museum specimens of these species have small, simple, curved, acute claws.

4. Myodes Hudsonius. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 132.

Grey, black washed beneath white, sides reddish, sides of the neck red, nose with a central black streak, claws of male(?) very large, compressed, equal, broad to the end, and notched; of female small, acute. In winter with very long black white-tipped hairs. Mr. Rae brought home two males, one in winter and one in change fur, and two females in summer fur.

5. Myodes Greenlandicus.

Reddish-grey, brown, black varied, back with a longitudinal black streak, beneath grey brown, chest, nape, and sides ruffous. Front claw of males(?) compressed, curved, the under surface (especially of the middle one) with a broad, round, expanded tubercle. I have not seen this species showing any change in its winter fur.

2. Upper cutting teeth broader, with a central longitudinal groove. The claw of the front thumb strap-shaped, truncated, and notched at the tip.

6. Myodes Helvolus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 128. (female?)

Fur very long, black, grey-brown; black grizzled, hinder part of the body reddish, beneath grey, sides yellowish. Claws of the fore feet (of the males?) large, thick, rounded, curved, bluntly truncated at the tip; of the female compressed, curved, acute.

7. Myodes Trimuconatus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 130.

Bright red brown, head blackish-grey, sides and beneath pale ruffous, chin white, claws moderate, compressed. This species is best distinguished from the former by its larger size and the great brightness of the colour, and the fur being much shorter and less fluffy.

LIST OF THE SPECIES OF BIRDS

Collected by Mr. Rae during his late Expedition, named according to the "Fauna Boreali-Americana," by G. R. Gray, Esq., F.L.S.

Falconidæ.

Aquila (Pandion) haliæeta.
Falco peregrinus.
"  islandicus.
Accipiter (Astur) palumbarius.
Buteo lagopus.
"  (Circus) cyaneus.

Strigidæ.

Strix brachyota.
"  funerea.
"  Tengmalmi.

Janiadæ.

Tyrannula pusilla.

Merulidæ.

Merula solitaria.

Sylviadæ.

Sylvicola æstiva.
"      coronata.
"      striata.
"      (Vermivora) rubricapilla.
"            "      peregrina.
Seiurus aquaticus.
Anthus aquaticus.

Fringillidæ.

Alauda cornuta.
Emberiza (Plectrophanes) nivalis.
"              "        lapponica.
"              "        picta.
"        canadensis.
"        (Zonotrichia) leucophrys.
"              "        pennsylvanica.
"              "        iliaca.
Fringilla hyemalis.
Pyrrhula (Corythus) enucleator.
Logia leucoptera.
Linaria minor.

Sturnidæ.

Quiscalus versicolor.
Scolecophagus ferrugineus.

Corvidæ.

Garrulus canadensis.

Picidæ.

Picus (Apternus) tridactylus.
Colaptes auratus.

Rasores.

Tetrao canadensis.
"    (Lagopus) mutus.
"        "    saliceti.
"    (Centrocercus) phasianellus.

Grallatores.

Calidris arenaria.
Charadrius semipalmata.
Vanellus melanogaster.
Strepsilas interpres.
Tringa Douglassii.
"    maritima.
"    alpina.
"    Schinzii.
"    pusilla.
"    cinerea.
Totanus flavipes.
"    macularius.
Limosa hudsonica.
Scolopax Wilsoni.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
"        fulicarius.

Natatores.

Podiceps cornutus.
Larus argentatoides.
Lestris pomarina.
"    parasitica.
"    Richardsoni.
Anas (Boschas) crecca, var.
"      "    discors.
Somateria spectabilis.
"      mollissima.
Oidemia perspicillata.
"    americana.
Harelda glacialis.
Mergus serrator.
Anser albifrons.
"  hyperboreus.
"  Hutchinsii.
"  bernicla.
Colymbus arcticus.
"    septentrionalis.
Myiodioctes pusilla.
Regulus calendula.
Sitta canadensis.
Linaria borealis.
Tringa rufescens.
"    pectoralis.
Totanus solitarius.

FISHES,

Collected during Mr. Rae's Expedition. By J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S.

Gadidæ.

Lota Maculosus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 248. Male and female.

Esocidæ.

Esox. Lucius. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 124. Female.

Cyprinidæ.

Catastomus Forsterianus? Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 116. Female. Lakes near York Factory. The "Red Sucker."
Catastomus Hudsonius. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 112. River near York Factory. "The Grey Sucker."

Salmonidæ.

Salmo. Salar?? Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 145. Repulse Bay.
Salmo Hoodii. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 173, t. 82, f. 2, t. 83, f. 2, t. 87, f. 1. Male and female. Lakes near York Factory.
Salmo Coregonus Albus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 195. t. 89, f. 2, a. b. Male. The Attihawmeg. Lower jaw shortest; ridge behind the eye becoming close to the orbit beneath the eye.
Salmo (Coregonus) Tullibee. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 201. Lakes near York Factory. "The Tullibee." Lower jaw shortest, ridge behind continued distant from the orbit and produced towards the nostrils.
Salmo Coregonus Harengus? Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 210. t. 90, f. 2, a. b. Lower jaw longest, ridge behind the eyes becoming rather nearer to, but distinct from, the orbit beneath. River near York Factory.

PLANTS,

Named by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H., D.C.L., F.R.A. & L.S. &c. &c. &c.

Plants collected on the Coast between York Factory and Churchill, and in the neighbourhood of Churchill.

DICOTYLEDONES.

Ranunculaceæ, Juss.

1. Anemone Richardsoni, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 6, Tab. 4, A.
2. Ranunculus Lapponicus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 16.

Cruciferæ, Juss.

3. Nasturtium palustre, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 39.
4. Arabis petræa, Lam.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 42.
5. Cardamine pratensis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 45.
6. Draba hirta, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 52.
7. Draba alpina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.

Caryophylleæ, Juss.

8. Stellaria Edwardsii, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 96, Tab. 31.
9. Cerastium alpinum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.
10. Silene acaulis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 87.
11. Arenaria peploides, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 102.

Leguminosæ, Juss.

12. Phaca astragalina, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
13. Oxytropis campestris, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 147.
14. Oxytropis deflexa, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 148.
15. Hedysarum Mackenzii, Rich.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 155.

Rosaceæ, Juss.

16. Dryas integrifolia, Vahl.—Hook. Ex. Fl. Tab. 200, Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
17. Rubus acaulis, Mich.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 182.
18. Potentilla anserina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 189.
19. Potentilla pulchella, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 191.
20. Potentilla nivea, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 195.

Onagrarieæ, Juss.

21. Epilobium latifolium, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 205.
Saxifrageæ, Juss.
22. Saxifraga oppositifolia, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
23. Saxifraga cæspitosa, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 244.
24. Saxifraga Hirculus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252.
25. Saxifraga tricuspidata, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 254.

Compositæ, Juss.

26. Nardosmia corymbosa, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 307 (Tussilago corymbosa, Br.)
27. Achillæa millefolium, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 318.
28. Chrysanthemum arcticum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 319.
29. Pyrethrum inodorum, Sm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 320.
30. Senecio aureus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 333. var. nanus.
31. Arnica montana, L.—β. angustifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 330.

Campanulaceæ, Juss.

32. Campanula uniflora, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 29.

Ericeæ, L.

33. Ledum palustre, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44.—var. α. angustifolium; and var. β. latifolium.
34. Azalea procumbens, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44.
35. Rhododendron Lapponicum, Wahl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 43.
36. Vaccinium Vitis Idæa, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 34.

Monotropeæ, Nutt.

37. Pyrola rotundifolia, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 46.

Boragineæ, Juss.

38. Lithospermum maritimum, Lehm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 86.

Schophularineæ, Juss.

39. Castilleja pallida, Benth.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 105.
40. Bartsia alpina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 106.
41. Pedicularis Wlassoviana, Stev.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 107.
42. Pedicularis Lapponica, L.—Hook. Fl. Am. ii. p. 108.
43. Pedicularis Sudetica, Willd.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.
44. Pedicularis flammea, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 110.
45. Pedicularis euphrasioides, Stev.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 108.

Primulaceæ, Juss.

46. Androsace septentrionalis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 119.
47. Primula Hornemanniana, Lehm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 120.

Polygoneæ, Juss.

48. Polygonum viviparum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 130.

Amentaceæ, Juss.

49. Salix Richardsoni, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 147, Tab. 182.
50. Salix vestita, Ph.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
51. Salix Arctica, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.
52. Betula glandulosa, Mx.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 156.
53. Betula nana, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 156.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Melanthaceæ, Br.

54. Tofieldia palustris, Huds.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 179.

Orchideæ, Juss.

55. Platanthera obtusata, Lindl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 196, Tab. 199.
56. Platanthera rotundifolia, Lindl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 200, Tab. 201.

Cyperaceæ, Juss.

57. Carex dioica, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 208.
58. Carex fuliginosa, Sternb. and Hoppe.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 224.
59. Eriophorum capitatum, Host.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
60. Eriophorum polystachyon, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.
Collected between Churchill and Repulse Bay.

DICOTYLEDONES.

Ranunculaceæ, Juss.

1. Ranunculus affinis, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 12, Tab. 6 A.

Papaveraceæ, Juss.

2. Papaver nudicaule, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 34.
3. Arabis petræa, Lam.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 42.
4. Cardamine pratensis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 45.
5. Draba alpina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.
6. Eutrema Edwardsii, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 67.

Caryophylleæ, Juss.

7. Silene acaulis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 89.
8. Lychnis apetala, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 94.
9. Stellaria Edwardsii, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 96. Tab. 31.
10. Cerastium alpinum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.

Leguminosæ, Juss.

11. Oxytropis campestris, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 146.
12. Oxytropis Uralensis, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
13. Phaca astragalina, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.

Rosaceæ, Juss.

14. Dryas integrifolia, Vahl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
15. Rubus Chamæmorus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 183.
16. Potentilla nana, Lehm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 194.

Onagrarieæ, Juss.

17. Epilobium latifolium, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 205.

Saxifrageæ, Juss.

18. Saxifraga oppositifolia, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
19. Saxifraga cæspitosa, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
20. Saxifraga cernua, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
21. Saxifraga rivularis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
22. Saxifraga Hirculus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252. and var. bi-triflora.
23. Saxifraga tricuspidata, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 253.

Compositæ, Juss.

24. Leontodon Taraxacum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 296.
25. Chrysanthemum integrifolium, Rich.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 319, Tab. 109.
26. Erigeron uniflorus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 17.

Campanulaceæ, Juss.

27. Campanula uniflora, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 29.

Ericeæ, Juss.

28. Andromeda tetragona, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 38.
29. Ledum palustre, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 44. var. angustifolium.

Diapensiaceæ, Lindl.

30. Diapensia Lapponica, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 76.

Boragineæ, Juss.

31. Lithospermum maritimum, Lehm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 36.

Scrophularineæ, Juss.

32. Pedicularis hirsuta, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.
33. Pedicularis Langsdorffii, Fisch.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.

Plumbagineæ, Juss.

34. Statice Armeria, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 123.

Amentaceæ, Juss.

35. Salix Myrsinites, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 151.
36. Salix Arctica, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Junceæ, Juss.

37. Luzula hyperborea, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 188.

Cyperaceæ, Juss.

38. Carex membranacea,—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 220.
39. Eriophorum polystachyon, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.

Gramineæ, Juss.

40. Alopecurus alpinus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 234.
41. Hierochloe alpina, Rœm. et Sch.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 234.
42. Colpodium latifolium, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 238.
43. Poa Arctica, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
44. Festuca brevifolia, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 250.
45. Elymus arenarius, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 255.
Plants collected between Repulse Bay and Cape Lady Pelly.

DICOTYLEDONES.

Ranunculaceæ, Juss.

1. Ranunculus Lapponicus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 16.

Papaveraceæ, Juss.

2. Papaver nudicaule, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 34.

Cruciferæ, Juss.

3. Cardamine pratensis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 44.
4. Draba alpina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50.
5. Draba stellata, Jacq.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 53.

Caryophylleæ, Juss.

6. Stellaria humifusa, Rottb.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 97.
7. Cerastium alpinum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 104.

Leguminosæ, Juss.

8. Oxytropis Uralensis, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 145.
9. Oxytropis campestris, De Cand.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 147.

Rosaceæ, Juss.

10. Dryas integrifolia, Vahl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 174.
11. Potentilla nana, Lehm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 190.

Onagrarieæ, Juss.

12. Epilobium latifolium, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 204.

Saxifrageæ, Juss.

13. Saxifraga oppositifolia, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 242.
14. Saxifraga cernua, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 245.
15. Saxifraga rivularis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 246.
16. Saxifraga nivalis, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 248.
17. Saxifraga foliolosa, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 251.
18. Saxifraga Hirculus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 252.

Compositæ, Juss.

19. Leontodon Taraxacum, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 296.
20. Pyrethrum inodorum, Sm.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 320.
21. Arnica montana, L.—β. angustifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 330.
22. Erigeron uniflorus, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 17.

Ericeæ, Juss.

23. Andromeda tetragona, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 38.

Monotropeæ, Nutt.

24. Pyrola rotundifolia, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 46.

Scrophularineæ, Juss.

25. Pedicularis hirsuta, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 109.

Amentaceæ, Juss.

26. Salix Arctica, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 152.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Junceæ, Juss.

27. Luzula hyperborea, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 188.

Cyperaceæ, Juss.

28. Carex dioica, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 208.
29. Carex membranacea, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 220.
30. Carex cæspitosa, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 217.
31. Carex ustulata, Wahl.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 224.
32. Eriophorum capitatum, Host.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 231.

Gramineæ, Juss.

33. Hierochloe alpina, Rœm. and Sch.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 234.
34. Colpodium latifolium, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 238.
35. Dupontia Fischeri, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 242.
36. Poa Arctica, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
37. Poa angustata, Br.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.
38. Poa alpina, L.—Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 246.

SPECIMENS OF ROCKS,

Described by James Tennant, Esq., Professor of Mineralogy in King's College, London.

Cape Lady Pelly, 67° 30' N. 88° W.

Gneiss.

Near Point Hargrave, 67° 25' N. 87° 35' W.

Gneiss.

Cape T. Simpson, 67° 22' N. 87° W.

Gneiss with chlorite.
Mica-slate.
Mica-slate, with indistinct crystals of precious Garnets.

Isthmus connecting Ross's Peninsula with the Continent.

Felspar.

Simpson's Peninsula, 68° 1/3' N. 88° 20' W.

Compact argillaceous Limestone.

A Hill on the western shore of Halkett's Inlet, 69° 14' N. 90° 50' W.

Cellular Quartz, coloured by oxide of Iron.
Mica-slate full of Garnets.

Helen Island, one of the Harrison Group in Pelly Bay, 68° 54' N. 89° 52' W.

Felspar—red colour.
Gneiss; the Felspar, Mica, and Quartz distinctly stratified.
Gneiss; the Felspar red and greatly predominating.

Beacon Hill, near Fort Hope, 66° 32' N. 86° 56' W.

Granite.
Ditto, with a small quantity of Mica; the Felspar red, and constituting four-fifths of the mass.
Gneiss, with veins of red Felspar running diagonally to the stratification.
Mica-slate.

North Pole River.

Mica-slate.
Ditto, with veins of Quartz.
Gneiss.
Ditto, the Felspar red and greatly predominating.
Ditto, the Felspar very friable.
Quartz rock with Felspar.
Argillaceous Limestone, compact.

North Pole Lake, 66° 40' N. 87° 2' W.

Gneiss.
Mica-slate.

Repulse Bay, 66° 32' N. 86° 56' W.

Quartz, coloured by oxide of Iron, and containing minute particles of Gold.

Melville Peninsula, 68° 27' N. 85° 24' W.

Hornblende-slate.

Munro Inlet.

Granite, the Felspar greatly predominating.

Island near the north point of Rankin's Inlet.

Quartz, enclosing chlorite and Copper Pyrites.
Talcose-slate.
Carbonate and silicate of Copper, with Copper Pyrites on argillaceous slate.
Ditto, with a thin coating of green carbonate of Copper.
Mica-slate.
Chlorite-slate, friable.
Ditto, with very thin veins of Calcareous Spar running diagonally in stratification.

Island near the south point of Rankin's Inlet.

Quartz and Iron Pyrites; the latter crystallized in cubes, the faces of which are not above one-sixteenth of an inch.
Quartz, with Iron Pyrites, and superficially coloured by oxide of Iron.
Hornblende-slate.
Mica-slate.
Chlorite-slate.

Dip of the needle and force of magnetic attraction at various stations along the west shore of Hudson's Bay,
and at Fort Hope, Repulse Bay.

Name ofLatitudeLongitudeDate.Times.DipTime of 10Therm.Variation of
StationW.N.Mean.Vibrations.Compass.
 
deg. mi. sec.deg. mi. sec.h. mi.deg. mi. sec.Needle No. 2deg. mi.deg. mi. sec.
deflected, 20
deg. from dip.
York Factory    57 0 2    92 26 0        5 Nov. 1845      9 0 AM    83 47 0 +31 0
"57 0 092 26 0 8  "     9 0    " 83 43 0 +25 0
""" 12  "     2 30 PM83 37 0 +25 0
""" 15  "     9 0 AM83 41 0 +33 0
"57 0 092 26 0 19  "     9 0    " 83 42 5 +25 0
""" 22  "     9 30    " 83 43 4 + 3 0
""" 26  "     9 30    " 83 48 7 - 4 0
""" 29  "     9 30    " 83 42 5 -13 0
""" 3 Dec.  "     9 30    " 83 54 2 - 6 0
""" 6  "     9 30    " 83 43 2 + 8 0
""" 10  "     9 30    " 83 43 5 -19 0
""" 13  "     9 30    " 83 48 2 0 0
York Factory57 0 092 26 0 17 Dec. 1845 9 35 AM83 40 9 -11 0
""" 20  "     9 30    " 83 39 1 -16 0
""" 24  "    10 10    " 83 45 5 -23 0
""" 31  "    10 30    " 83 46 0 + 7 0
""" 3 Jan. 1846 10 30    " 83 46 1 +20 0
""" 7  "    10 30    " 83 47 0 + 5 0
""" 10  "    10 30    " 83 45 5 + 7 0
""" 14  "    10 30    " 83 43 9 - 2 0
""" 21  "    10 30    " 83 44 8 -10 0
""" 24  "    10 30    " 83 41 7 +23 5
""" 28  "    10 30    " 83 45 8 +15 0
""" 31  "   {10 0 AM83 45 8 {-15 0
{ 3 0 PM {- 3 0
""" 4 Feb.  "   {10 0 AM83 50 5 {-12 5
{ 3 0 PM {-14 0
""" 7  "    10 0 AM83 45 5 -11 5
York Factory57 0 092 26 0 11 Feb. 1846 {10 0 AM83 44 8 {- 5 0
{ 3 30 PM {-11 3
""" 14  "   { 9 30 AM83 41 6 -23 0
{ 3 20 PM83 38 1 - 8 0
""" 18  "   { 9 30 AM83 36 6 {+ 6 0
{ 3 30 PM {- 3 0
""" 21  "   { 9 30 AM83 41 0 {-11 5
{ 3 30 PM {+ 6 0
""" 25  "   { 9 30 AM83 40 9 {-23 0
{ 3 30 PM {-10 5
""" 28  "   { 9 30 AM83 39 7 {-13 0
{ 3 30 PM {+ 4 0
""" 4 Mar.  "   { 9 30 AM83 44 1 {+ 6 5
{ 3 30 PM {+ 4 0
""" 7  "   { 9 30 AM83 42 5 {+29 0
{ 3 40 PM {+37 0
""" 11  "   { 9 30 AM83 44 6 {+26 0
{ 3 30 PM {+25 0
""" 14  "   { 9 30 AM83 40 9 {+12 5
{ 3 30 PM {+22 0
""" 18  "   { 9 30 AM83 39 6 {+15 5
{ 3 40 PM {+21 0
""" 21  "   { 9 30 AM83 37 7 {- 2 5
{ 3 30 PM {+ 5 8
""" 25  "   { 9 40 AM83 47 0 {+30 0
{ 3 30 PM {+30 0
""" 28  "   { 9 35 AM83 43 8 {+ 8 5
{ 3 30 PM {+ 8 0
York Factory57 0 092 26 0 1 April 1846 { 9 30 AM83 42 8 {+ 8 0
{ 3 30 PM {+15 0
""" 4  "   { 9 30 AM83 45 2 {+35 0
{ 3 30 PM {+25 0
""" 11  "   { 9 40 AM83 40 6 {+41 0
{ 3 30 PM {+42 0
""" 15  "   { 9 35 AM83 35 7 {- 3 5
{ 3 30 PM {- 6 0
""" 18  "   { 9 30 AM83 40 2 {+ 9 0
{ 3 30 PM {+29 0
""" 22  "   { 0 30 AM83 38 9 {+45 0
{ 3 35 PM {+40 0
""" 25  "   { 0 0 AM83 35 5     Ther.     {+43 0
{     +40° 0'    {
{ 3 30 PM      21s.—34  {+32 0
""" 29  "   { 9 45 AM83 38 0      Ther.      {+42 0
{     +46° 0'    {
{ 3 30 PM    21s.—23  {+43 0
""" 2 May  "   { 9 30 AM83 38 5 {+39 0
{ 3 30 PM {+47 0
""" 6  "   { 9 30 AM83 37 9      Ther.      {+51 0
{     +66° 0'    {
{ 3 30 PM    21s.—31  {+67 0
""" 16  "   { 9 35 AM83 39 0      Ther.      {+36 0
{     +43° 0'    {
{ 3 35 PM    21s.—13  {+44 0
Creek 58 2 092 20 20 June  "     3 45 PM84 46 4 +49 0
Churchill 58 43 5094 14 29  "   { 9 47 AM84 50 8      Ther.      {+60 0
{     +61° 0'    {
{ 3 35 PM    21s.—14  {+61 0
""" 1 July  "   {10 30 AM84 43 9 {+88 0
{ 3 0 PM {+60 0
Churchill 58 43 5094 14 0 4 July 1846   8 10 PM84 44 5 +41 0
Knapp's Bay 61 9 42" 8  "    10 45 AM86 18 3 {+52 0
{+51 0
""" 8  "     3 0 PM
""" 12  "     5 15 PM87 16 3 {+58 0
{+52 0
"64 6 088 0 0 18  "     Noon. 86 36 5      Ther.      {+54 0
{ +54° 0'
20s.—84
Near Wager 65 10 0" 21  "     4 5 PM87 10 6      Ther.      +52 0
River { +65° 0'
21s.—03
"65 15 3687 10 0 22  "    11 35 AM +52 0
Repulse Bay 66 32 0" 27  "    11 15 AM88 16 7      Ther.      {+55 0
{ +57° 0' {
     21s.—7   {+57 0
Flett's " 28  "   { 2 40 PM {+90 0
Portage { 3 15 PM {+82 0
Descent "" 31  "   { 6 20 PM +53 0
Portage { 6 50 PM
Cape Lady "" 3 Aug.  "    
Pelly
3 Miles N.W."" " 5 30 PM88 27 1      Ther.      +52 0
of do. { +52° 0'
{ 21s.—8
Fort Hope 66 32 086 56 0 18 Nov.  "   {11 15 AM87 51 5 {-6 0West
{ 2 0 PM {-5 0  62 50 30
""" 21  "   { 9 45 AM88 11 4       Ther.       {+6 0
{      +10° 5'     {
{ 2 15 PM     22s.—66   {+10 0
Fort Hope 66 32 086 56 0 25 Nov. 1846   2 10 PM88 8 9 {-21 0
{-15 0
""" 5 Dec.  "   {10 0 AM88 13 9       Ther.       {-13 0
{       +9° 0'      {
{ 2 0 PM      22s.—6    {-16 0
""" 12  "   {10 10 AM88 13 3 {+ 6 0
{ 2 5 PM {+ 8 0
""" 16  "   {10 0 AM88 12 7 { 0 0
{ 2 20 PM {+ 2 0
""" 23  "   {10 0 AM88 16 3 {- 7 0
{ 2 0 PM {- 8 0
""" 2 Jan. 1847 {10 10 AM88 17 5 {-23 0
{ 2 30 PM {-21 5
""" 10 Feb.  "   { 9 50 AM88 10 9 {-22 0
{ 2 10 PM {-20 0
""" 13  "   { 9 50 AM88 13 5 {-28 0
{ 2 10 PM {-26 0
""" 17  "   { 9 50 AM {-36 0
{ 2 15 PM {-33 0
""" 24  "   { 9 55 AM {-22 0
{ 2 10 PM {-22 0
York Factory57 0 092 26 0 18 Sept.  "   { 9 15 AM83 47 0 +52 0
{ 3 10 PM