Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)

A comprehensive natural-history study of the cottonmouth presents taxonomy and geographic distribution, a detailed morphological description including coloration, scalation and dentition, and habitat preferences and limiting factors. Reproductive biology is treated from courtship and reproductive cycles through embryonic development, birth, litter size and population composition. Growth, shedding patterns and physical measurements are analyzed. The work documents food habits and prey-capture methods, mortality sources including predators, parasites and disease, and behavioral patterns such as basking, coiling, locomotion and defensive displays. Venom composition, yield, toxicity, clinical effects, treatment and a bite case history are summarized and supported by data and literature.