Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor

Minton, S., Jr.

1944. Introduction to the study of reptiles in Indiana. Amer. Midl. Nat., 32:438-477.

1949. An ectopic egg in Coluber. Herpetologica, 5:96.

Mossiman, J. E. and Rabb, G. B.

1952. The herpetology of the Tiber River area, Montana. Copeia, 1952(1):23-27.

Mulaik, S. and Mulaik, D.

1942. A neglected species of Coluber. Copeia, 1942:13-15.

Munro, D. F.

1948. Comparative sizes of two female blue racers and their eggs. Herpetologica, 4:199-200.

1949. Eating habits of young Coluber constrictor flaviventris. Herpetologica, 5:72-73.

1950a. Incubation and hatching of eggs of Coluber c. flaviventris. Herpetologica, 6:122-124.

1950b. Juvenile pattern in a mature Coluber c. flaviventris. Herpetologica, 6:124.

Neill, W. T.

1948. Hibernation of amphibians and reptiles in Richmond County, Georgia. Herpetologica, 4:107-114.

Odum, E. P. and Kuenzler, E. J.

1955. Measurement of territory and home range size in birds. Auk, 72:128-137.

Ortenburger, A. I.

1928. The whip snakes and racers, genera Masticophis and Coluber. Mem. Univ. Michigan Mus., vol. 1, pp. xviii + 247.

Owens, V.

1949. An overwintering colony of Coluber c. constrictor (Say) and Elaphe o. obsoleta (Say). Herpetologica, 5:90.

Parker, M. V.

1941. The trematode parasites from a collection of amphibians and reptiles. Jour. Tennessee Acad. Sci., 16(1):27-45.

Peters, J. A.

1942. Reptiles and amphibians of Cumberland County, Illinois. Copeia, 1942(3):182-183.

Pope, C. H.

1935. The reptiles of China. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, v. 10, lii + 604 pp.

1944. Amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago area. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. Press, 275 pp., 12 pls.

Pope, T. E. B. and Dickinson, W. E.

1928. The amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin. Bull. Pub. Mus. City of Milwaukee, 8(1):1-138.

Richmond, N. D. and Goin, C. J.

1938. Notes on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from New Kent County, Virginia. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 27:301-310.

Rossman, D. A.

1960. Herpetological survey of the pine hills area of southern Illinois. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. (1959), 22(4):207-225.

Schmidt, K. P. and Necker, W. L.

1935. Amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago region. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 5(4):57-77.

Schroder, R. C.

1950. Hibernation of blue racers and bull snakes in western Illinois. Nat. Hist. Misc., 75:1-2.

Shannon, F. A.

1950. Coluber constrictor mormon—a state record for Arizona. Herpetologica, 6:59.

Smith, H. M.

1956. Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ., 9:357 pp.

Smith, P. W.

1947. The reptiles and amphibians of east central Illinois. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 8(2):21-40.

1961. The amphibians and reptiles of Illinois. Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., 28(1):1-298.

Stains, H. J.

1956. The raccoon in Kansas. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ., No. 10, pp. 1-76, pls. 1-4.

Stewart, P. L.

1959. Lung flukes of Thamnophis and Coluber in Kansas. Unpublished thesis University of Kansas Library, pp. 1-62.

Stickel, W. H. and Cope, J. B.

1947. The home ranges and wandering of snakes. Copeia, 1947:127-136.

Storer, D. H.

1839. Reports on the ichthyology and herpetology of Massachusetts. Comm. Zool. and Bot. Surv. Mass., Boston, 201-258.

Surface, H. A.

1906. The serpents of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull., Div. Zool., 4(4 and 5):113-208.

Tinkle, D. W.

1959. Observations of reptiles and amphibians in a Louisiana swamp. Amer. Midl. Nat, 62 (11):189-205.

Trowbridge, A. H.

1937. Ecological observations on amphibians and reptiles collected in southeastern Oklahoma during the summer of 1934. Amer. Midl. Nat. 18(2):285-303.

Uhler, F. M., Cottam, C. and Clarke, T. E.

1939. Food of snakes of the George Washington National Forest, Virginia. Trans. 4th Amer. Wildlife Conf., Amer. Wildlife Inst., Washington, D. C., 1939:605-632.

Van Denburgh, J.

1923. The reptiles of western North America. Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., 10:1-1028.

Van de Velde, R. L., Martan, J. and Risley, P. L.

1962. Eggs and hatchlings of the snake Coluber constrictor mormon from Oregon. Copeia (1):212-213.

Verrill, A. E.

1869. The biter bitten. Amer. Nat., 3:158-159.

Welter, W. A. and Carr, K.

1939. Amphibians and reptiles of northeastern Kentucky. Copeia (3):128-130.

Werler, J. E. and McCallion, J.

1951. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Princess Anne County, Virginia. Amer. Midl. Nat., 45(1):245-252.

Woodbury, A. M.

1931. A descriptive catalog of the reptiles of Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah, 21 (no. 5):x + 129 pp.

Woods, G. T.

1944. Black snake attacks a boy. Copeia, 1944(4):257.

Wright, A. H. and Bishop, S. C.

1915. A biological reconnaissance of the Okefinokee Swamp in Georgia. II. Snakes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 67:139-192.

Wright, A. H. and Wright, A. A.

1957. Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada. Comstock Publ. Associates, Cornell Univ. Press, vol. I, xviii + 564 pp.

Transmitted June 3, 1963.

29-7864

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. Nevertheless, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1.	Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.
*Vol. 2.	(Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.
Vol. 3.	*1.	The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951.
	*2.	A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951.
	3.	Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10, 1951.
	*4.	Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.
	Index. Pp. 651-681.
*Vol. 4.	(Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.
Vol. 5.	Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.
*Vol. 6.	(Complete) Mammals of Utah, taxonomy and distribution. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952.
Vol. 7.	Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955.
Vol. 8.	Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956.
Vol. 9.	*1.	Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.
	2.	Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.
	3.	A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.
	4.	Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956.
	5.	The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.
	6.	Additional remains of the multituberculate genus Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in text. May 19, 1956.
	7.	Mammals of Coahulia, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.
	8.	Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae, with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table. August 15, 1956.
	9.	Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.
	10.	A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahulia. By Howard J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.
	11.	A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January 21, 1957.
	12.	Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7 figures in text. February 21, 1958.
	13.	New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.
	14.	Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958.
	15.	New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, 1958.
	16.	Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text, May 20, 1959.
	17.	Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 415-511, 12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959.
	18.	Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie. Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14 1960.
	19.	Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central America, with description of a new subspecies from Nicaragua. By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. January 14, 1960.
	20.	Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.
	21.	Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.
	22.	Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960.
	23.	Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baimoys. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures in text. June 16, 1960.
	Index. Pp. 671-690
Vol. 10.	1.	Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.
	2.	Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956.
	3.	The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956.
	4.	Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957.
	5.	Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. March 12, 1958.
	*6.	The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.
	7.	Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures in text. May 4, 1959.
	8.	Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October 8, 1959.
	9.	A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.
	10.	A taxonomic study of the middle American snake, Pituophis deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure in text. May 2, 1960.
	Index. Pp. 611-626.
Vol. 11.		Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-703, 1958-1960.
Vol. 12.	1.	Functional morphology of three bats: Sumops, Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959.
	*2.	The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. July 10, 1959.
	3.	The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960.
	*4.	A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960.
	5.	Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962.
	6.	Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962.
	7.	Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.
	8.	Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962.
	9.	Variation in the muscles and nerves of the leg in two genera of grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes). By E. Bruce Holmes. Pp. 363-474, 20 figs. October 25, 1963.
	10.	A new genus of Pennsylvanian Fish (Crossopterygii, Coelacanthiformes) from Kansas. By Joan Echols. Pp. 475-501, 7 figures. October 25, 1963.
	11.	Observations on the Mississippi Kite in southwestern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 503-519. October 25, 1963.
	12.	Jaw musculature of the Mourning and White-winged doves. By Robert L. Merz. Pp. 521-551, 22 figures. October 25, 1963.
	More numbers will appear in volume 12.
Vol. 13.	1.	Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.
	2.	A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.
	3.	A new subspecies of the slider tutdre (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahulia, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.
	4.	Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.
	5.	Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, 1961.
	6.	Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961.
	7.	Geographic variation in the North American cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961.
	8.	Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.
	9.	Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figs. August 11, 1961.
	10.	Recent soft-shelled tutdres of North America (family Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text, February 16, 1962.
	Index. Pp. 613-624.
Vol. 14.	1.	Neotropical bats from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.
	2.	Geographic variation in the harvest mouse. Reithrodontomys megalotis, on the central Great Plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.
	3.	Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961.
	4.	A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.
	5.	North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figures in text. December 29, 1961.
	6.	Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-111, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.
	7.	Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 113-120, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.
	8.	A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.
	9.	Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.
	10.	A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynaretus, from the Clarendonian Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, 1962.
	11.	A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962.
	12.	Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-159, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.
	13.	A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.
	14.	The mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures. May 20, 1963.
	15.	The recent mammals of Tamaulipas, México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963.
	More numbers will appear in volume 14.
Vol. 15.	1.	The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961.
	2.	Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.
	3.	A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western México. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.
	4.	Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204. October 26, 1962.
	5.	Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern El Petén, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249, pls. 7-10, 6 figures in text. October 4, 1963.
	6.	A revision of snakes of the genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America). By John Wellman. Pp. 251-295, 9 figures in text. October 4, 1963.
	7.	A review of the Middle American tree frogs of the genus Ptychohyla. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 297-349, pls. 11-18, 7 figures in text. October 18, 1963.
	8.	Natural history of the racer, Coluber constrictor. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 351-468, pls. 19-22, 20 figures. December 30, 1963.
	More numbers will appear in volume 15.

Transcriber's Note

Where tables or images split them, the text was moved to rejoin paragraphs. The List of Publications before the article was moved down to rejoin the portion after the end of the article.

Table 6 re-arranged due to use of vertically printed text.

Page 451 may have a typo "...wide range of error arising from insufficiently small samples..." should probably have been "...large samples..." (emphasis added here). This was left as is.

Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor

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