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Negritos of Zambales

Chapter 52: Availability
By William Allan Reed
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About This Book

This study presents an ethnographic survey of a short-statured indigenous population in a Philippine province, mapping distribution, habitat, and contacts with neighboring peoples. It describes physical appearance, personal adornment, clothing, dwellings, subsistence and craft activities, and provides accounts of hunting, agriculture, manufacture, games, music, and ritual dances. Social organization and customs are examined through discussions of marriage, ceremonial practices, burial rites, family arrangements, slavery, and local beliefs. The report also notes colonial administrative encounters and includes anthropometric data, vocabulary lists, and numerous photographs and illustrations to support the field observations.

Appendix A

Anthropometric Measurements

The paucity of measurements has already been explained, but those that were taken are given here for what they are worth. I do not attempt to draw any conclusions from them or undertake any discussion other than that already given in the chapter on physical features.

In the following tables it should be noted that where the age is given the number indicates only an estimate, as no Negrito knows his age. It has been thought better to give these approximate ages than to leave them out entirely, in order to distinguish the very young from the middle aged and old:

Measurements of Negritos

No. Sex Age Standing height Span of arms Length of nose Breadth of nose Nasal index Length of ear
1 Female 18 1,408 1,456 35 38 108 57
2 do 35 1,487 1,487 38 38 100 64
3 do 14 1,325 1,325 36 30 83 55
4 do 30 1,440 1,462 36 38 105 55
5 do 40 1,388 1,400 40 43 107 58
6 Male 27 1,520 1,580 41 43 104 60
7 do 20 1,491 1,503 39 47 130 57
8 do 1,440 1,464 40 43 107 57
9 do 1,500 1,538 43 40 93 60
10 do 15 1,357 1,347 34 40 117 54
11 do 1,426 1,483 40 47 117 57
12 Female 20 1,390 1,380 30 37 123
13 do 19 1,265 1,170 35 35 100
14 do 20 1,400 1,410 35 40 114
15 do 1,410 1,375 35 42 120
16 do 1,430 1,435 35 40 114
17 Male 22 1,465 1,485 37 46 124 60
18 do 1,472 1,470 44 40 90 60
19 do 24 1,363 1,404 38 36 94 57
20 do 18 1,473 1,493 40 43 107 57
21 do 19 1,390 1,412 40 42 105 56
22 do 25 1,490 1,490 37 43 116 57
23 do 14 1,282 1,315 35 35 100 52
24 do 1,404 1,438 42 38 90 65
25 Female 19 1,302 1,313 27 38 140 55
26 do 20 1,472 1,538 40 38 95 58
27 Male 1,434 1,497 37 42 113 56
28 do 50 1,421 1,519 40 40 100 60
29 Female 28 1,358 1,418 35 37 105 58
30 do 55 1,333 1,350 40 40 100 60
31 do 1,383 1,435 41 38 92 62
32 do 30 1,285 1,285 34 38 111 55
33 do 50 1,318 1,302 35 40 114 69
34 Male 40 1,342 1,448 38 46 121 62
35 do 20 1,458 1,582 40 42 105 58
36 do 18 1,480 1,536 44 44 100 60
37 do 15 1,500 1,547 41 45 109 60
38 do 28 1,365 1,390 41 49 119 58
39 do 30 1,535 1,570 43 47 109 63
40 Female 15 1,308 1,354 41 35 85 54
41 do 35 1,373 1,368 36 38 105 59
42 do 35 1,355 1,370 40 40 100 60
43 do 16 1,407 1,430 36 36 100 56
44 do 22 1,420 1,466 40 43 107 64
45 Male 1,535 1,581 43 39 90 57
46 do 1,448 1,532 41 40 97 55
47 do 1,476 1,540 40 40 100 59
48 Female 1,396 1,415 40 35 107 60
49 do 20 1,368 1,400 35 40 117 53
50 Male 1,570 1,625 46 43 93 58
51 do 22 1,480 1,545 42 49 116 60
52 do 30 1,600 1,634 49 42 85 62
53 do 35 1,521 1,566 42 47 111 60
54 Female 1,502 1,520 41 39 95 58
55 do 1,410 1,410 32 38 118 60
56 do 16 1,316 1,336 34 38 111 56
57 Male 18 1,425 1,445 42 42 100 56
58 do 23 1,380 1,430 36 45 125 62

No. Sex Age Standing height Height of shoulders Span of arms Width of Shoulders Length of hand Length of arm Height sitting Length of foot Length of head Breadth of head Cephalic index Length of nose Breadth of nose Nasal index Length of ear
59 Male 28 1,480 1,227 1,530 375 163 600 1,200 215 189 150 79.3 38 39 102.6 58
60 do 16 1,470 1,227 1,510 370 165 623 1,180 230 175 144 82.2 35 35 100 55
61 do 40 1,520 1,295 1,530 356 170 640 1,224 225 176 145 82.3 39 37 94.8 61
62 do 17 1,490 1,247 1,500 425 145 600 1,203 230 190 153 80.5 33 40 121.2 51
63 do 25 1,510 1,245 1,545 386 175 635 1,215 226 190 150 78.9 40 42 165 54
64 do 18 1,445 1,218 1,500 350 160 600 1,235 220 175 150 85.7 35 37 105.7 50
65 do 28 1,444 1,210 1,540 350 170 605 223 176 141 80 47 40 85.1 64
66 do 30 1,524 1,275 1,620 390 180 675 245 171 158 92.3 40 49 122.5 54
67 do 35 1,550 1,324 1,410 384 180 655 1,255 240 182 145 79.7 40 41 102.5 60
68 do 40 1,500 1,248 1,465 364 180 640 1,290 245 174 145 83.5 46 46 100 66
69 do 35 1,480 1,227 1,550 383 175 650 1,272 225 180 152 84.4 37 37 100 53
70 do 60 1,586 1,370 1,635 373 177 625 246 191 83.2 43 44 102.3 54
71 do 25 1,395 1,169 1,469 342 149 586 207 180 142 78.8 43 36 83.7 58
72 Female 35 1,420 1,165 1,460 334 159 528 211 171 148 86.5 44 35 79.5 52
73 do 33 1,337 1,140 1,380 293 155 539 208 166 141 84.9 41 41 100 55
74 do 27 1,362 1,137 1,407 330 150 558 199 168 147 87.5 42 36 85.9 55
75 Male 30 1,526 1,281 1,524 370 163 616 230 174 140 80.4 42 38 90.4 52
76 do 17 1,435 1,197 1,447 350 160 586 210 170 135 79.3 42 35 83.3 56
77 do 45 1,450 1,270 1,480 322 162 571 213 175 148 84.5 39 38 97.4 64

Appendix B

Vocabularies

As has been pointed out already, the Negritos of Zambales seem to have lost entirely their own language and to have adopted that of the Christianized Zambal. A study of the vocabularies here given will show that in various sections of the province Zambal is to-day the language of the Negritos. Differences will be found, of course, in the dialects of regions which do not come much into contact with each other, and contact with other dialects creates different changes in different localities.

The chief difference between the Bolinao dialect and that of the region south is the substitution of the letter “r” in the former for “l”; as “arong” for “along,” nose; “dira” for “dila,” tongue. Yet not a few words are entirely different. These differences may arise from the use of synonyms or from misinformation, as I was able to take the Bolinao vocabulary from only two individuals. This dialect is spoken in the towns of Bolinao, Anda, Bani, and Zaragoza, although I am informed that there are even slight differences in the speech of the people of some of these towns. The towns from Infanta to Iba have the second dialect.

When the Aeta element enters the differences become more apparent, although the relationship between the differing words may often be seen; for instance, “sabot,” hair, becomes “habot;” “along,” nose, becomes “balongo.” But the number of words which bear no relationship is greater than in the case of the first two dialects. It is possible that here we find traces of an original Negrito language, but I believe that all these words can be traced to Malay roots. It will be noticed also that the two following vocabularies taken from Negritos at Santa Fé and Subig do not differ materially from the Zambal-Aeta—in fact, they may be regarded as identical.

The writer can not vouch for the vocabularies from Bataan and Bulacan, but gives them for the sake of comparison. The words collected by Montano are mostly Tagalog and differ somewhat from Cooke’s. The latter states that he verified his seven times. The two sets are probably from different parts of the province. The Dumagat vocabulary from Bulacan Province, while offering greater differences, is plainly of Malay origin like all the others.

English Zambal of Bolinao Zambal of Iba Zambal—Aeta Aeta of Santa Fé Aeta of Subig Aeta, Bataan Province Dumagat, Bulacan Province
Man la-la′-ki la-la′-ki la-la′-ki la-la′-ki ya′-ki la-la-ke′* ta′-nun-gu′-bat
Woman ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e* mow′-na
Father a′-ma a′-ma a′-ma ba′-pa ba′-pa ba′-pa, ama*
Mother i′-na i′-na na′-na in′-do in′-do in′do, inang*
Brother bu′-sat ta-la-sa′-ka pa′-tel ka-pa-tel ka′-ka, kapatid*
Sister bu′-sat ta-la-sa′-ka pa′-tel ka-pa-tel o-pa-tel′, kapatid*
Uncle ba′-pa ba′-pa ba′-pa da′-ra ale′*
Aunt da′-da da′-ra in′-do da′-ra mama*
Son a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak* anak
Daughter a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak* anak na mowna
Head o′-ro o′-lo o′-lo o′-lo la′-bo o′-o, ulo* pun′-tuk
Hair sa-bot′ sa-bot′ ha-bot′ ha-bot′ ha-bot′ la-buk′, bohoc*
Mouth bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y ba-lu′-go, bebec* un′-suk
Eye ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta*
Nose a′-rong a′-long ba-loñg′-o ba-long′-o ba-long′-o ba-tong′, ilong* an-gut
Teeth ni′-pen ni′-pen ni′-pin n-i′-pen ni′-pen nil-pul ni′-pon
Tongue di′-ra di′-la di′-la di′-la di′-la gi′-lo
Ear to-tor′-yan to-tol′-yan tu′-li tu′-li to′-ok tu′-uk, taenga* ta-ling′-a
Arm ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ tu-ki-ay′, camay* co-mot′
Leg pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pam′-pa, paa′ pa′-a
Chest ke-rep′ ke-lep′ nib′-nib nib′-nib dub′-dub dub′-dub, debdeb* dib′-dib
Back gu-rot′ bo-kot′ bo-kot′ bo-kot′ li′-kul
Foot ay′-e ay′-e bi′-ti bi′-ti ta-lim-pa-pa′-kan ta-lan-pa′-kin
Hand ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met a′-ma-kam′-a-ha
Finger ga-ra-may′-e ga-la-may′-e ga-la-may′-e ga-la-may′-e da-le′-di da-li-ri, dalin*
Earth lu′-ta lu′-ta lu′-ta lu-ta lu′-ta lul-ta pu′-tok
Sky rañg′-it lañg-it lañg′-it lang′-it lang′-it lang′-ot
Sun au′-ro au′-lo al′-lo al′-lo al′-lo u′-lo a-da′-o
Moon bu′-ran bu′-lan bu′-an bu′-an bu′-yan ina-tal′-lung
Star bi-tu′-un bi-tu′-un bi-tu′-in bi′-tu-in bi′-tu-in ba′-tu-in bu′-ta-tul′-ya
Cloud re′-rem a-la-pa′-ap da′-yim lo′-om ta′-la u′-wip
Rain ra′-peg a-ba-gat′ u′-ran u′-ran a-ba′-gat ulan*
Thunder ko′-dor cu′-rol ku′-rol ki′-lot da-ug-dug′
Lightning ki′-mat ki′-mat ki′-mat ki′-mat ma-la′-wut
Water ra′-nom la′-nom la′-nom la′-nom la′-num la′-num, tubig* o′-rat
Fire a-po′-y a-po′-y a-po′-y a′-po-y a′-po-y a′-po-y* a′-po-y
White ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti maputi* ma-lup′-say
Black mañg-i′-sit mañg-í′-tit mañg-i′-tit mang-i′-tit ma′-o-lin maltim* mal-a-ton′
Red ma-o-dit′ ma-ti-bi′-a ma-o-rit′ ma-o-rit′ mapula* mat-la
Yellow ma-sil-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o sa-la-kut′
Cooked rice ka′-nen ka′-nen ka′-nin ka′-un ka′-nen
Uncooked rice bu′-yas bu′-yas bu′-ya bu′-ya bu′-ya bigas* a′-moy
Day au′-ro au′-lo al′-lo al′-lo al′-lo u′-lo adio
Night ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi du′-mong
Cold ma-ra-yep′ ma-la-yep′ ma-la-yip′ mal-a-yep′ mal-a-yep′ ma-lam′-ig, maginao* mag′-id-non
Hot ma-mot′ ma-mot′ ma-mot′ ma-o-mot′ ma-o-mot′ may-a-nit′
Large a-la-ki′ ma-hi-ban′ mal-hay′ mal-hay′ mal-hay′ hun′-ga
Small da-i-te′ ma-ca-lug′ may-a′-mo may-a-mo′ may-a-mo′ ma-sa-ninp′
Good ma-ong′ la′-bas ma′-ham-pat′ ma-ham′-pat ma-ham′-pat ma-sam′-pat
Bad ma-ra-yet′ ma-la-yet′ ma-la-yit′ ma-la-yit′ ma-la-yit′ ma-lot′
Rich may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′
Poor ma-i-dap′ ma-i-rap′ ma-i-rap′ ma-i-rap′ ma′-i-rap′
Sick ma-sa-kit′ ma-sa-kit′ ma-ha-kit′ ma-ha-kit′ ma-in-ha′-kit teoram
Dead na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti nalebon
Here i′-ti i′-ti a-ka-lung′-un bi-er′-i a-ri′-di dian
There i′-sen i′-sen ba′-hen bay′-hen a-ri′-do dedeyaya
No ka′-i ka′-i a′-he a′-he a′-he ayaw* ayenok
Yes ó ya a′-o a′-o a-o o-o′* abu-kogid
To sleep ma′-rek ma′-lek ma-to-lo′-i ma-to-lo′-i ma-to-lo′-i matulog* napediak
To jump ru-mok′-zo lu-mok′-zo mi-tok-tok-pa′-o mag-tok-pa′-o lu-mo′-ko lemokso lumowat
To run mo-ray′-o mo-lay′-o may′-o may′-o may′-o takumbao* gumekan
To fight mi-a-wa′-y, raban la′-ban mi-a-wa′-y mi-awa′-y ina-ki′-a-wa′-y sullo-sum-to-yan
To eat mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg-an caïn* mumungan
To drink mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom minum* neniomok
Tree ka′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo ka-hoy* kayo
Mountain ba′-ker ba′-kil ba′-kil ba′-kil ba′-kil bu′-kil
River i′-log i′-lug ka-bu-la-san′ ba′-la sa′-num
Stone ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba-to*
Grass di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot
Dog a′-so a′-so a′-ho a′-ho
Rooster ma-nuk′ ma-nook′ ma-nook′ ma-nok′ ma-nook′
Hen o′-pa tu′-a tu′-a
One sa′-ya a′-sa mi′-ha mi′-ha mi′-ha isa isin
Two ru′-a lu′-a lu′-a lu′-a lu′-a delawa* adua
Three ta′-ro to′-lo tat′-lo tat′-lo tat′-lo tatlo* telewan
Four a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat apat*
Five ri′-ma li′-ma li′-ma li′-ma li′-ma lima*
Six a′-nem a′-nem a′-nam a′-nem a′-nem anem*
Seven pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pito*
Eight ca′-ro ca′-lo ca′-lo oa′-lo oa′-lo oalo*
Nine si′-am si′-am si′-am si′-am si-am siam*
Ten ma-pu′-ro ma-po′-lo ma′-po ma,-po ham′-po sampo* isin-a-mapolo
Eleven la′-bin-sa′-ya la′-bin-a′-sa la′-bin-mi′-ha la′-bin-mi-ha la′-bin-mi′-ha isin-a-mopolo-a-isin
Twelve la′-bin-ru′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la-bin-lu′-a isin-o-mopolo-adua
Thirteen la′-bin-ta′-ro la′-bin-to′-lo la′-bin-tat′-lo la′-bin-tat′-lo la-bin-tat′-lo
Fourteen la′-bin-a′-pat la′-bin-a′-pat lal-bin-a′-pat la′-bin-a′-pat la-bin-a′-pat
Twenty ru′-an-pu′-ro lu′-am-po′-lo lu-am′-po lu-am′-po lu-am′-pa aduamapolo
Twenty-one rul-an-pu′-ro-sa′-ya lu′-am-po′-lo-a′-sa lu-am-po-mi′-ha lu-am′-po-mi′-ha lu-am′-po-mi′-ba
Thirty ta-ron-pu′-ro to′-lom-po′-lo tat-lom-po′ tat-lom′-po tat-lom′-po
Forty a′-pat-a-pu′-ro a′-pat-a-po′-lo a′-pat-a-po′ a′-pat-a-po′ a′-pat-a-po′
One hundred san-ya′-sot say-a-tos′ mi′-hun-ga′-to mi-hun-ga′-to ma-ga′-to sandaan* isinadian
I si′-ko si′-ko hi′-ko hi′-co a′-co*
You si′-ka kay′-o kay′-o hi′-ca icao
He si-tao′ hi′-a
We si-ka′-mi hi-ta′-mo hi-ta′-mo
They sa′-ra hi′-la hi′-la
Our i′-ko-mi i-kun′-ta-mo i-kun-ta′-mo
My i-kon′-ko i-kon′-ko i-kon′-ko
Near a′-dam ma-ra′-mi ma-ra′-mi
Far a-day′-o ma-day′-yo ma-ro′-yo

The words marked (*) were taken from Montano’s vocabulary in his Mission aux Philippines. The others were collected by C. J. Cooke, MS. of The Ethnological Survey, and E. J. Simons, MS. of The Ethnological Survey.

Plates

Outline map of Zambales, showing distribution of Negritos.

Negrito women of Bataan on a rock in a stream.

Photo by Worcester.

Negrito man from Nangsol, near Subig, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man from Aglao, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito woman of Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

View near Santa Fé, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Capitán of Villar.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Showing the relative height of American, mixed blood and pure Negrito.

Photo by Diamond.

Group of Negritos and Constabulary at Cabayan, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Old man of Zambales (pure Negrito).

Photo by Diamond.

Old man of Zambales (pure Negrito), showing hair on face and chest.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin and skin disease on the arm.

Photo by Diamond.

Pure Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito Man of Zambales, showing hair on the face.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito girls. (One with hair clipped behind to eradicate vermin.)

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales (pure blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales, (mixed blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales (pure blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales (mixed blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito girl of Zambales (pure blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito woman of Zambales (mixed blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Old Negrito woman of Zambales (pure blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales (pure blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Negros (mixed blood).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negritos of Maao, Occidental Negros (emigrants from Panay, Mixed bloods).

Photo by Reed.

Group of Negrito men at Santa Fé, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Principal men of Tagiltil, Zambales (pure Zambal and mixed Negrito).

Photo by Diamond.

Negritos of Zambales (mixed bloods).

Photo by Diamond.

Group of people called Aburlin (non-Christian Zambal and Negrito mixed bloods).

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito women of Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Group of Negrito women at Santa Fé, Zambales, showing dress.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito girls of Zambales, one wearing necklace of dried berries.

Photo by Diamond.

Combs worn by Negritos of Zambales.

Ornaments worn by Negritos of Zambales.

Negrito man, wife, and hut, Bataan.

Photo by Worcester.

Better class of Negrito hut, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Bataan making fire with bamboo.

Photo by Worcester.

Negrito men of Bataan making fire with bamboo.

Photo by Worcester.

Bows and arrows used by Negritos of Zambales.

Position taken by Negritos of Zambales in shooting.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Bataan drawing a bow; hog-bristle ornaments on the legs.

Photo by Worcester.

Negrito man of Negros (emigrant from Panay) drawing a bow.

Photo by Reed.

Musical instruments used by Negritos of Zambales.

Negritos of Zambales singing the “talbun.”

Photo by Diamond.

Negritos of Zambales dancing.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito men of Bataan beating gongs and dancing.

Photo by Worcester.

Negritos of Zambales dancing the “torture dance.”

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito woman and daughter, Bataan.

Photo by Worcester.

Pure Negrito woman and mixed blood, with babies, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito women and children, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito children, Santa Fé, Zambales.

Photo by Diamond.

Capitán of Cabayan, Zambales, with Negrito and Zambal wives.

Photo by Diamond.

Boys of Zambales, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing skin disease.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito boy of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.

Photo by Diamond.

Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.

Photo by Diamond.

“Capitán-General del Monte,” Negrito of Zambales.

Colophon

Availability

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org.

Reed, William Allan.
Negritos of Zambales by William Allan Reed.
Manila, Bureau of Public Print., 1904.
90 p.; ill., map (folded); 27 cm.
Ethnological survey publications, Department of the Interior; v. 2, pt. 1

Details for Copyright Research

Country of origin: Philippines
Year of publication: 1904
Author: Reed, William Allan (no dates) US?
Photographer: Worcester, Dean C. (Dean Conant) (1866–1924) US
Photographer: Diamond, J. (no dates) US?

Copyright Status.

Jursidiction Copyright Status Reason
U.S. public domain Published 1904.
E.U. unclear no dates for author.
Berne Convention unclear no dates for author.

Parts II and III apparently where never published. They do not appear in the Library of Congress.

Encoding

Italic text has been marked high lighted without further analysis. Text in small caps and bold has been marked idem ditto.

Apparent errors in the text have been corrected. Corrections have been marked with the <corr> tag, and the original text has been given with the sic attribute. Where no correction can be supplied, or the text appears to be strange, but not erroneous, this has been marked with the <sic> tag.

End-of-line hyphens in the source have been silently removed. Where a hyphenated word was on a page boundary, the page break is indicated after such a word.

Revision History

  • 15-MAR-2002 Added TEI tagging and header.
  • 23-DEC-2006 Updated TEI tagging; corrected few scannos.

Corrections

The following corrections have been applied to the text:

Location Source Correction
Page 7 girls girl
Page 7 bloods blood
Page 18 runing running
Page 19 Zuñiga Zúñiga
Page 46 imbedded embedded
Page 57 kidnaped kidnapped