INDEX.
- A
- Acacia Cavenia, 157
- Aconcagua, 192
- —— valley, vegetation of, 195
- Adesmia, 182
- Agassiz, Professor Alexander, 342
- Ajulla, Promontory of, 51
- Albatross, 215
- Alligators, 41
- Alpine zone in Andes, 91
- Amancais, 71
- Amatapi, Sierra, 52
- Ancud, 145
- Andean Flora, Alpine zone, 104
- ——, divisions of the, 104
- ——, European genera common to, 101
- Andean railways, 63
- Andes, 49
- ——, Alpine zone in, 91
- ——, cactoid plant in, 92
- ——, Chilian, view of, 183
- ——, climate of Peruvian, 99
- ——, Compositæ in, 102
- ——, cosmopolitan weeds in, 101
- Aneroid barometers, 353, 354
- Angol, 213
- Antarctic beech, 256
- —— Flora, range of, 219
- Anthopterus Wardii, 34
- Anticosti, 273
- Apoquinto, baths of, 188
- Araucanian Indians, 212
- ——, language of, 213
- Araucaria Brasiliensis, 311
- Argentaria, climate of, 300
- ——, emigration to, 298, 299
- ——, forests of, 295
- ——, progress of agriculture, 298
- ——, frontier of Chili and, 258
- Arica, vegetation of, 121
- Armeria maritima, var. andina, 263
- Artichoke, wild, 168
- Atacama, desert of, 124, 131
- Atlantic, colour of, 7
- ——, summer temperature of, 362
- ——, temperature of, 5
- ——, winds of, 345
- Ayacucho steamship, 118
- Azores, 5
- B
- Baccharis, 157
- Bahia Blanca, 298, 357, 358
- Bahia de Todos Santos, 346
- Baillonia spartioides, 202
- Balmacedo, Don F., 191
- Banda Oriental, 281
- ——, vegetation of, 293
- Barbadoes, absence of venomous snakes in, 14
- ——, black population of, 11
- —— harbour police, 9
- —— planters, 13
- ——, productiveness of, 8
- Barometer, high, 4
- ——, tables for, 4
- Beagle Channel, 273
- Belem, Tower of, 363
- Berberis buxifolia, 263
- —— empetrifolia, 263
- —— ilicifolia, 263
- Berberry, 225
- Bentos, Fray, 287
- Bio-Bio river, 213
- Black-fish, 7
- Blue Mountains, Jamaica, 17
- Bombax pubescens, 328
- Borya Bay, 241
- Bossi, Signor Bartolomeo, 281
- Botafogo, 322
- Bove, Lieutenant, 252
- Bramble in Chili, 150
- Brazil, ancient mountains of, 317
- ——, coffee-planting in, 341
- ——, geology of, 313, 314
- ——, glacial deposits in, 342
- ——, rainfall in coast region of, 334
- Brazilian physicians, their fees, 340
- Bridges, suspension, in the Andes, 85
- Buenaventura, 32
- Buenos Ayres, 293–295, 299
- C
- Cabo Blanco, 43
- —— San Lorenzo, 37
- —— Santa Elena, 38
- Cachapoal river, 178
- Cactoid plant in Andes, 92
- Caldera, 133
- Callao, 61
- ——, quarantine at, 57
- Canary Islands, 362
- Cape Froward, 243
- —— Parinas, 44
- —— pigeon (Daption capensis), 214
- —— Pillar, 238
- —— Verde Islands, 359
- Capricorn, Tropic of, 132
- Cardoon, 164
- Casapalta, 91
- Catamarans, 352
- Cathartes atratus, 112
- Caudivilla, 109
- Cauquenes, Morro de, 182
- ——, town of, 169
- Cauquenes Baths, 172
- ——, railway to, 163
- Celery, wild, 221
- Cereus Quisco, 151, 176
- Cerro de Pasco, 72
- —— del Roble, 151
- Chacao, Canal de, 216
- Chagres river, 22
- Chañeral, 133
- Channels of Patagonia, 222, 223
- Chicla, hotel at, 80
- ——, scenery at, 84
- ——, vegetation of, 98
- Chili and Argentaria, frontier of, 258
- —— and Peru, naval war of, 58
- ——, bramble in, 150
- ——, Central, flora of, 141
- —— ——, climate of, 143–145
- —— ——, rainfall in, 144
- ——, European plants in, 164
- ——, physical geography of, 170
- ——, Southern, glaciers of, 229
- —— ——, rainfall of, 229
- Chilian elections, cumulative vote, 191
- —— mines, 161
- Chiliotrichium amelloides, 234
- Chiloe, island of, 215
- Chimborazo, 38
- Chonos Archipelago, 216
- Chosica, 73
- Chuquiraga spinosa, 91
- Churches in Lima, 62
- Chusquea, 152
- Cigars, Guayaquil, 41
- Cinnamon tree, 10
- Claraz, M. Georges, 357, 358
- Clarence Island, 243
- Climate, effects of tropical, 39
- Cnicus lanceolatus, 164
- Cobeja, 131
- Coffee-planting in Brazil, 341
- Colletia spinosa, 177
- Colomba, 214
- Colon, 21, 22, 27
- Commercial travellers, German, 309
- Compositæ in Andes, 102
- Concepcion del Uruguay, 288
- Condor, 87, 93
- Condors, captive, 185
- Copiapò, 133
- ——, Rio de, 133
- Coquimbo, vegetation of, 136, 138
- Corbett, Mr., 328
- Cordillera de la Costa, 218
- Cordillera Grande, of Goyaz, 315
- Cordillera Pelada, 218, 219
- Cordillera in Peru, 49
- Corrientes, 294, 300
- Cosmos Line, German steamers of, 205
- Cousiño, Madame, 207
- Crab, red, 227
- Croll, Dr. James, 271
- ——, remarks on his theory of secular changes of climate, 393
- Cryptocarya Peumus, 160
- Cuyabà, 279, 310
- D
- Dandelion (Taraxacum lævigatum), 263
- Daption capensis, 214
- Darwin, Mount, 267, 270
- Dawson Island, 245
- Desfontainea spinosa, 225
- Desolation, Land of, 235, 241
- Diomedea exulans, 215
- —— fuliginosa, 215
- Don, Royal Mail steamer, 2
- Doterel, wreck of the, 267
- Drimys Winteri, 147
- Drummond-Hay, Mr., 148
- Dungeness, 271
- Duvaua dependens, 293
- E
- Earthquake-waves, 122
- Eccremocarpus scaber, 199
- Ecuador, 36, 40
- Eden harbour, 224
- Education, Chilian zeal for, 265
- Elections, Chilian, cumulative vote, 191
- Encelia canescens, 134
- Engler, Dr., 34, 106
- English Narrows, 223
- English the lingua franca of America, 88
- Ensenada, 302
- Entrerios, 288
- Equator, cold current near, 356
- ——, path of the sun, 37
- Equatorial rains, 352
- —— vegetation, 33
- Erodium cicutarium, 165
- Escallonia, 181
- Espiritu Santo, Cape, 271
- Eucalyptus globulus, 160, 292
- Evergreen beech (Fagus betuloides), 225
- Existence, struggle for, 330
- Eyre Sound, 228
- F
- Fagus betuloides, 225
- —— obliqua, 151
- Falkland Islands, 247, 273
- Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 349
- Fenton, Dr., 250, 262, 269
- Fernando Noronha, 354, 355
- Feuillée, Father, 184
- Flint, Mr., 153
- Flowering plants, origin of, 318
- Flying-fish, 5
- —— of Pacific, 53
- Fogs on Peruvian coast, 54
- Francoa sonchifolia, 210
- French, Dr., 289, 291
- Fruit-sellers, migratory, 42
- Fuegians, 233, 242, 260, 261
- G
- Gallinazo, 87
- ——, scavenger bird, 112
- Galvesia limensis, 45
- Gillies, Captain, 344
- Glacial deposits in Brazil, 342
- Glaciers in South Patagonia, 239
- —— of Southern Chili, 229
- Glaziou, Dr., 324
- Gleichenia, 226, 311
- Glyptodon, 358
- Gongo Seco, 316
- Gordontown, Jamaica, 18
- ——, cool climate of, 19
- Graham, Mr. J. R., 67
- Granite, disintegration of, 315
- Grisebach, 34, 145
- Gualtro, 168
- Guanacos, 131, 253
- Guano Islands, 53
- Guayaquil cigars, 41
- Guayaquil, city of, 40, 41
- ——, Gulf of, 38, 40
- Guayas river, 38, 41, 42
- Gynopleura linearifolia, 157
- H
- Hale Cove, 220
- Hann, Dr. Julius, 144, 305, 349
- Hanover Island, 236
- Hayti, island of, 15
- ——, cannibalism in, 16
- Haze, opacity of, 158
- Heights above sea-level, fall of temperature in ascending to, 369
- Henderson’s Inlet, 231
- Hess, Mr., 163
- Hippeastrum equestre, 19
- Hopedale, in Labrador, 273
- Huanillos, 127
- Humboldt current, 50
- Humming-birds, 209
- Hura crepitans, 10
- Hymenophylla, 226
- I
- Iberia steamship, 269
- Ice-axe, 226
- Ice, floating, 228
- Illiluk, 274
- Immigrant plants, Darwin’s view of, 166
- ——, checks on their extension, 167
- Indians, Araucanian, 212
- ——, Patagonian, 260
- Iquique, 121
- ——, sea-fight at, 127
- Isla de Santa Maria, 211
- Islay steamship, 29
- Itamariti, Falls of, 329
- J
- Jamaica, 16
- ——, black population of, 20
- ——, vegetation of, 18
- Jacmel harbour, 15
- K
- Kageneckia oblonga, 175
- Kingston, Jamaica, 16
- L
- Lapageria rosea, 209
- La Plata, estuary of, 277, 283
- Las Condes, 163
- La Serena, 136, 145
- Lavapie Promontory, 211
- Liais, M., 342
- Libocedrus, 235
- Lichens, 221
- Lima, 61
- ——, a dinner-party at, 108
- ——, ancient beaches near, 113
- ——, meteorological observations at, 99
- Liriodendron, 344
- Lisbon, Rock of, 363
- Llaillai, 150
- Llama in Peru, 95
- Loa river, 127
- Lobelia gigantea, 184
- Lobelia tupa, 184
- ——, poisonous species of, 76
- Lobos de tierra, 53
- —— de afuera, 53
- Lomaria magellanica, 226
- Lombardi, Signor M., 109
- Lombardy poplar, 160
- Loranthus, 176, 202
- Lord Nelson Strait, 236
- Lota, coal deposits of, 207
- ——, parque of, 208
- Lynch, Don Patricio, 67
- ——, his administration, 68
- M
- Maceio, 347
- Magellan, Straits of, 238, 239, 367
- ——, forests in the, 240
- ——, variable climate in, 240, 254
- Maipo river, 134
- Maldonado, 304
- Malesherbiaceæ, 157
- Mango tree, 10
- Mapocho river, 157
- Markham, Captain Albert, 135
- Marrubium vulgare, 138
- Matto Grosso, 279
- Matucana, San Juan de, 76
- Mayne Channel, 237
- Maytenus magellanica, 263
- Meiggs, Mr., 65
- Mejillones, 132
- Memory, lapses of, 26
- Mendoza, 300
- Mercator’s projection, 30
- Messier’s Channel, 220, 231
- Mist, clearing of, 333
- Mitraria coccinea, 225
- Molina, 175
- Mollendo, 119
- ——, a bad port, 120
- Monkeys, domesticated, 332
- Monson, Mr., 280
- Montaña of Eastern Peru, 97
- Monte Video, 277, 279
- Morro de Cauquenes, 182
- Mountain-sickness, 81
- Mulinum, 189
- Mutisia, 177
- Mutisiaceæ, 102
- Myzodendron punctulatum, 256
- N
- Napp, Mr. Richard, 300
- Nation, Mr. W., 70, 108
- Naval war of Chili and Peru, 58
- New Granada, 32
- Nicotiana glauca, 360
- Nikolaiewsk, 273
- North Atlantic, trade-wind of, 361
- Northern hemisphere, temperature of, 273, 274
- O
- O’Higgins, General, 154
- Olfactory nerve, fugitive impressions, 190
- Oreodoxa regia, 324
- Organ Mountains, 325
- Oroya railway, 64
- ——, spiral tunnel of, 79
- ——, viaducts of, 74
- Ostrich, South American, 261
- Oxalis lobata, 146
- P
- Pacific coast-steamers, 31
- Pacific, colour of water of, 31
- ——, first view of, 25
- ——, flying-fish of, 53
- ——, high seas in Southern, 211
- —— steamer, delay of, 269
- Paisandu, 288, 289
- Palms, avenue of, 323
- Panama, 21
- —— Bay, birds in, 29
- —— Grand Hotel, 27
- —— railway, 25
- —— ship-canal, 23
- ——, vegetation of, 24
- Paraguay river-steamers, 279
- Paranà, 317
- ——, basin of the, 312
- —— river, 284
- Paranagua, Bay of, 308
- Paranahyba, 313
- —— valley, 320
- Parasites and climbers, 330
- Patagonia, 300
- —— Channels, scenery of, 222, 227
- ——, vegetation of, 225, 235
- ——, women of, 253
- Patagonian coast, winter climate, 276
- Patagonian Indians, 260
- Payta, climate and vegetation of, 45
- Peckett Harbour, 262, 270
- Pedro, Dom, Emperor of Brazil, 337
- Pelicans, black, 59
- Peñas, Gulf of, 218
- Pernambuco, 351
- Pernettya, 225
- Peru, 44
- —— and Chili, naval war of, 58
- ——, climate of Northern, 47
- ——, future of, 117
- Peruvian coast, fogs on, 54
- ——, low temperature of, 55
- —— sugar-plantation, 110
- Pessimism, 365, 366
- Petrel, giant, 215
- Petropolis, 326, 327, 335
- ——, hermit of, 331
- ——, winter climate of, 334
- Peumo tree, 159, 175
- Philippi, Dr., 154
- ——, Professor Federigo, 155, 219
- Physicians, Brazilian, their fees, 340
- Pierola, Dictator of Peru, 117
- Pietrabona, Commander, 257
- Pimento tree, 10
- Pisagua, 123
- ——, white rocks at, 125
- Pisco, 119
- Plantago maritima, 263
- Pleroma arboreum, 342
- —— granulosum, 336
- Podocarpus nubigena, 235
- Poncho, 179
- Porliera hygrometrica, 199
- Port Famine, 245, 250
- —— Gallant, 241
- Potato, wild, in Andes, 93
- Prado, General, 36
- Prosopis limensis, 46
- Proustia Baccharoides, 195
- Pteris aquilina, 329
- Puente Infernillo, 78
- Puerto Bueno, 233
- Punta Arenas, 145, 246, 273
- Puya, 151
- Q
- Quadras in Santiago, 153
- Quarantine at Callao, 57
- —— at St. Vincent, 359
- Quaresma, 336
- Queen Adelaide Island, 236, 238
- Quillaja saponaria, 175
- Quillota, Valley of, 150
- Quinta Normal at Santiago, 155
- R
- Railways, Andean, 63
- ——, Oroya, 64
- ——, spiral tunnel of, 79
- ——, viaducts of, 74
- Rancagua, 168
- Reed, Mr. Edwin, 204
- Reilly, Mr., 210
- Resguardo del Rio Colorado, 200
- Rhamses, the, 205
- Rhea Darwinii, habits of, 261
- Rimac, valley of the, 71
- ——, ancient terraces in, 75
- ——, Compositæ in, 76
- ——, effects of sea-breeze in, 98
- Rio Claro, 171
- —— Colorado, 276
- —— Janeiro, Bay of, 321, 322, 325
- —— Parahyba do Sul, 313
- —— San Francisco, 314
- Rocks, disintegration of, 115
- ——, ice-action on, 228
- Rumex acetosella, 263
- S
- Sagittaria Montevidensis, 297
- Saladeros, 287
- Salix Humboldtiana, 77
- Salta, 294
- Salto, 291
- Sambucus Peruviana, 101
- Sampayo, Don Francisco, 257
- San Bartolomé, 73
- —— Cristobal, Cerro, 156
- Sand-box tree (Hura crepitans), 10
- Sandy Point, 246, 250
- ——, burnt forest at, 256
- ——, mutiny of convicts at, 251
- ——, the hotel at, 249
- ——, vegetation of, 255, 263
- San Felipe, 192
- Sanitary rules, neglect of, 87
- San José, Promontory of, 276
- —— volcano, 164
- San Lorenzo, island of, 59
- San Matias, Bay of, 276
- San Paulo, 308–310
- —— and Rio Janeiro railway, 312
- ——, railway from Santos to, 307, 308
- San Ramon, Salto de, 190
- Santa Clara, 72
- Santa Cruz settlement, 246
- Santa Lucia, Rock of, 162
- Santa Rosa de los Andes, 193, 196
- Santiago, 145, 153, 156, 161
- ——, railway to, 149
- ——, sunset at, 186
- Santos, 305, 306
- ——, tropical vegetation at, 307
- São João da Barra, 312
- São Salvador, 346
- Sarmiento Channel, 231
- Sarmiento, Mount, 243, 244, 267, 270
- Scavenger bird, 112
- Schinus molle, 77
- Sea-sickness, 217
- Seaweed, bands of, 6
- Senecio, the genus, 268
- Serra da Mantiqueira, 313, 314
- Serra do Mar, 308, 314
- Shannon, Captain, 269
- Simpson, Captain, 207
- Sitka, 274
- Smyth’s Channel, 231, 237
- Solanum mammosum, 33
- Soroche, mountain-sickness, 81
- Soto, Don Olegario, 171
- South America, tropical, origin of flora, 35
- ——, rainless zone of, 48
- South Brazil, plateau of, flora, 311
- South Patagonia, glaciers in, 239
- Southern Atlantic, climate of, 305
- Southern Cross, 7, 253
- Southern hemisphere, temperature of, 272–274
- Spanish-Americans, indolence of, 89
- Species, groups of incomplete, 181
- Staten Island, 252, 258
- St. Antão Island, 359
- Steamers, Pacific coast, 31
- Straits of Magellan, 270
- Sunstroke, causes of, 349, 350
- Surco station, 75
- Swinburne, Don Carlos, 154
- T
- Taforò, Dr., 191
- Tagus steamship, 344
- Talca, 145
- Taltal, 133
- Tamar, Cape, 240
- Tambo de Mora, 119
- Tarapacà, 125
- Taraxacum lævigatum, 263
- Telephone, use of, in South America, 290
- Tierra del Fuego, 245, 267
- Tijuca, 338
- ——, giant tree near, 343
- ——, vegetation of, 341
- Tillandsia, 307
- Titicaca, Lake of, 63, 66
- Tocantins river, 315
- Tocopilla, 128, 133
- ——, scenery of the moon, 129
- Trade wind, north-east, 6
- Trescott, Mr., 60
- Tres Montes, Cape, 218
- Trinidad, Gulf of, 231
- Triumph, the ship, 135
- Tropæolum tuberosum, 78
- Trumpet-flower (Bignonia venusta), 307, 311
- Tucuman, 294
- Tumaco, 36
- Tumbez, 43
- Tupa Berterii, 184
- —— secunda, 184
- Tupungato, the Peak of, 153
- U
- Ucayali river, English settler at, 96
- Unalaschka, 274
- Uruguay, climate of, 279
- ——, fossil remains in, 291
- ——, islands of the, 287
- —— Republic of, chronic disorder, 282, 284, 285
- Ushuaia, mission station at, 260
- Ushuaja, 273
- Uspallata Pass, 200
- Utricularia, 33
- V
- Valdivia, 145
- Valparaiso, 138, 145
- ——, danger of earthquakes at, 139
- Vegetation, equatorial, 33
- Verbena family, 201
- Viaducts, Oroya railway, 74
- Vicuña Mackenna, Don Benjamin, 158
- Villages, remains of ancient Peruvian, 73
- Viña del Mar, 149
- Vincent, St., aspect of, 360
- ——, quarantine at, 359
- Vinciguerra, Signor, 252
- Virgenes, Cape, 271
- Volcano de Chana, 219
- W
- Wellington Island, 222
- Willsen, Captain, 205
- Winter’s bark (Drimys Winteri), 147
- Y
- Yellow fever, treatment of, 339