Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific Between 1896 and 1899, Volume 2 / Plant-Dispersal

Note.—Several subjects are worked up in this index, which, on account of the plan of the book, are not dealt with connectedly in the text. As examples may be cited the entries under the heads of “Hawaiian Flora”; “Species, their development”; “Fruit-pigeons”; “Polymorphous Species”; &c.

The figures in larger type indicate the pages where the subject is treated at length or where the most important points are discussed. This sign is not often used where the references can be classed, or where several references of importance belong to the same subject.

• Abrus precatorius, 531, 605
• Acacia farnesiana, 478, 552, 555, 556, 557, 559
• Acacia heterophylla, 200
• Acacia koa, 151, 200, 533, 604
• Acacia laurifolia, 45, 133, 134, 164, 166, 200, 529, 551
• Acacia richii, 531, 549
• Acæna exigua, 253, 275;
  • genus, 270-2, 275, 276
• Acalypha, 395, 603
• Acer campestre, 536
• Achillea millefolium, 536
• Achras, 373
• Achyranthes aspera, 605
• Acorus;
  • home of the genus, 396
• Acrostichum squamosum, 593
• Adaptation in relation to means of dispersal, 11, 99-103, 105, 119-129, 324, 516, 522
• Adenanthera pavonina, 159, 420
• Adenostemma viscosum, 240, 417, 568, 605
• Ægiceras, 470-1
• Æthusa cynapium, 28, 536
• Afzelia bijuga, 21, 93, 107, 170-6, 436, 529, 563
• Agapetes, 265
• Agathis: see Dammara
• Ageratum conyzoides, 417, 531, 605
• Aglaia, 376
• Agrostemma, 471
• Agrostis, 272, 275, 538
• Aira cæspitosa, 417, 418
• Ajuga reptans, 28, 537
• Alchemilla arvensis, 418, 536
• Alchemilla vulgaris, 417
• Aleurites moluccana, 59, 61, 361, 418, 435, 438, 533, 549, 554, 558-9, 560, 604
• Alexander, Prof., 587
• Algaroba, 485, 557
• Algerian beach-flora, 34
• Alisma natans, 537
• Alisma plantago, 38, 92, 537
• Alisma ranunculoides, 537
• Alliaria officinalis, 536
• Alnus glutinosa, 31, 37, 430, 537
• Alphitonia, 333, 346, 357, 531
• Alpine floras, 4, 34, 238;
  • see under Mountain floras
• Alpinia, 531
• Alopecurus, 538
• Alsinidendron, 262-3
• Alstonia, 381, 384, 548
• Alyssum maritimum, 536
• Alyxia, 334, 344, 531, 533
• Amarantus melancholicus, 605
• Amarouria, 265
• America, as the home of tropical shore-plants, 67-75;
  • see under Hawaiian flora and under Tahitian flora for the American plants in those islands
• Amorphophallus, 412, 414
• Anagallis arvensis, 537
• Ancon (Peru), 482, 497;
  • climate, 492, 598
• Angelica sylvestris, 28, 536
• Aniseia uniflora, 530, 563
• Anona paludosa, 68, 77, 109, 115, 435, 438, 486, 488-9, 498
• Antarctic flora, represented in the Pacific islands, 271-3, 287, 292, 294, 305, 503-4, 518
• Anthyllis vulneraria, 536
• Antidesma, 371-2, 603
• Antofagasta (Chile), beach-drift, 480
• Apetahia, 252, 256-7
• Apium graveolens, 28, 536
• Apium inundatum, 28, 536
• Apium nodiflorum, 28, 37, 536
• Arabis albida, 568
• Arabis hirsuta, 536, 568
• Arabis thaliana, 536, 567
• Arachis hypogæa, 479
• Araliaceæ, 261-3
• Araucaria, 298
• Arcangeli, Prof., on the Italian species of Medicago, 431
• Arenaria peploides, 35, 36, 107, 116, 429-32, 536, 541, 544
• Argemone mexicana, 533
• Argyreia tiliæfolia, 20, 106, 110, 533-4, 558
• Argyroxiphium, 236-8, 240, 243-4
• Arica (Chile), 481-2, 497
• Armeria vulgaris, 33, 34, 36, 511, 537, 540
• Armeria maritima, 477
• Artemisia, 238, 240, 269, 272, 278-9, 540
• Artemisia absinthium, 279, 536, 540
• Artemisia maritima, 33
• Artemisia tridentata, 279
• Artemisia vulgaris, 279, 536, 540
• Artocarpus incisa, 531
• Artocarpus integrifolia, 531
• Arum maculatum, 537
• Arundel, Mr., 49, 179
• Arundo phragmites, 538
• Asparagus, 538
• Aspidium aculeatum, 226
• Aspidium caryotideum, 593
• Aspidium filix mas, 225, 593
• Asplenium adiantum nigrum, 225, 593
• Asplenium aspidioides, 593
• Asplenium contiguum, 593
• Asplenium fragile, 593
• Asplenium monanthemum, 593
• Asplenium nidus, 554, 604
• Asplenium trichomanes, 225, 593
• Astelia, 270-2, 274, 290, 291, 292-4, 305
• Aster tripolium, 28, 34-6, 89, 536, 540, 545, 581, 605
• Astrocaryum, 499
• Astronia, 376
• Atlas, Great;
  • flora, 238, 277
• Atriplex patula, 537, 544;
  • genus, 284, 416, 546
• Avicennia, 68, 69, 77, 78, 438, 484-5, 489, 498
• Azolla, 488
• Azores, 505
• Bäckström, Helge, 601
• Baillon, on the Lobeliaceæ, 251
• Baker, Mr., on Fijian ferns, 224, 592
• Bakeria, 265
• Ball, Mr., 238, 476
• Ballota nigra, 28, 537
• Bananas: see Musa
• Banyans, 387
• Barbarea vulgaris, 536
• Bark, in beach-drift, 430
• Barratt, Mr., 215
• Barringtonia formation, 550
• Barringtonia, genus;
  • buoyancy and structure of fruits, 17, 18, 121, 160;
  • mode of dispersal, 161;
  • seed-structure and vivipary, 132, 168, 573;
  • relation between coast and inland species, 134, 166
• Barringtonia edulis, 19, 161, 531, 573
• Barringtonia excelsa, 19, 108, 574
• Barringtonia racemosa, buoyancy of fruits, 18, 161, 529;
  • structure of seeds and fruits, 108, 161, 564, 573-6;
  • fruits in drift, 76, 78, 435;
  • station, 43, 47, 551;
  • distribution and dispersal, 68, 160, 551, 563
• Barringtonia samoensis, 19
• Barringtonia speciosa, buoyancy of fruits, 18, 161, 529;
  • structure of seeds and fruits, 108, 114, 161, 573-6;
  • fruits in drift, 76, 78, 79, 435-7;
  • station, 43, 551;
  • distribution and dispersal, 49, 56, 57, 64, 68, 160, 563
• Barringtonia, undescribed species;
  • in Fiji, 19, 161, 531, 574;
  • in Solomon group, 161
• Barrows, Prof., 373
• Bartsia odontites, 537
• Bassia, 374
• Batatas edulis, 415;
  • see under Ipomœa batatas
• Batis maritima, 482, 485, 546, 557
• Bats, as dispersing agents, 321, 343, 394, 510, 514
• Battandier, M., 34
• Bauhinia, 531
• Beach flora: see Littoral plants
• Beach formation, 43, 550
• Beach seed-drift, 31, 429, 479, 480, 482, 489, 499, 557
• Beach temperature, 477, 480, 481, 595
• Beal, Prof., 568
• Beccari, Dr., on the dispersal of Brackenridgea, 124, 569;
  • on the Cassowary as a seed-distributor, 152;
  • on Ficus, 388, 504;
  • on the retrocession of cultivated plants, 161;
  • on Sararanga, 156;
  • on willow-leaved plants, 603
• Beech-nuts in drift, 429
• Begonia, 394, 509
• Begoniaceæ, 263, 394
• Bell, Mr. Jeffrey, on Peruvian corals, 497
• Bentham, Mr., 2, 423;
  • on the Compositæ, 236, 245, 248
• Berberis vulgaris, 535
• Berkeley, Mr., 539
• Bermuda, 348, 351
• Bernicla sandwicensis, 241, 275, 283
• Berrya, 379
• Beta maritima, 35, 537, 542
• Betula alba, 537
• Bidens, 379
• Bidens cernua, 28, 31, 536, 540, 544
• Bidens pilosa, 379, 533, 605
• Bidens tripartita, 28, 536, 544
• Bird, Miss, 584, 587
• Birds, differentiation of, 5-8, 504-6, 514, 520-2;
  • crossing oceans, 506;
  • migrations, 505-6;
  • Polynesian, 67;
  • at high altitudes, 241;
  • biologically connected with plants, 504;
  • as seed-dispersers, 5, 205, 226, 241, 296, 321;
  • see under Fruit-pigeons, Ducks, Geese, Sea-birds, Tetraonidæ, &c.
• Bischoffia, 381, 386, 531
• Blysmus rufus, 537
• Bobea, 262-3
• Boehmeria, 263, 356
• Boerhaavia, 355, 552, 568
• Bonin Islands, 54, 320
• Boobies (Sula), as seed-dispersers, 188, 347, 356, 511
• Borago officinalis, 537
• Bourbon Island: see Mascarene Islands
• Bourne, Mr., 172
• Brackenridgea, 113, 124, 569
• Brandis, Dr., on the dispersal of Santalum album, 283
• Brassica, 536
• Breadfruit (Artocarpus), 412, 415, 531
• Breweria, 362-3
• Brighamia, 252, 255, 258
• British flora, 23, 31, 115, 432, 535, 539-44
• Brown, Dr. R., on seed-dispersal by sea-birds, 510
• Brown, Mr. R., on a drift seed of Cæsalpinia, 189
• Broussaisia, 263
• Bruguiera, 43, 441, 551;
  • dispersal by currents, 48, 55, 77, 94, 461-2, 467, 529;
  • distribution, 54, 68, 69, 461, 563;
  • in beach-drift, 435, 437, 461;
  • seed-development and germination, 463-6, 468-71;
  • fertilisation, 462
• Bryonia dioica, 536
• Buller, Sir W., on the fruits and seeds eaten by New Zealand birds, 292, 296, 301, 321, 337, 347, 508, 541
• Buoyancy of seeds and fruits, of Pacific plants, 12-22, 104-15;
  • of Fijian plants, 44-6, 529, 531-3;
  • of Hawaiian plants, 57, 533, 552;
  • of Tahitian plants, 49;
  • of British plants, 23-39, 115, 535-8, 539-44, 566;
  • its relation to sea-density, 88-98, 516;
  • structures concerned, 17, 104-18;
  • the question of adaptation, 119-29, 516, 569;
  • effect of inland extension, 121, 568;
  • the great sorting process, 16, 24, 30, 515;
  • long flotation experiments, 530, 539;
  • tables showing results of experiments, 529-38, 552;
  • effect of drying, 535, 538, 539-44, 571-2;
  • precautions in testing buoyancy, 566;
  • the risks of the floating seed in warm seas, 79-87
• Burkill, Mr., on the Tongan flora, 224, 232, 335, 385
• Butomus umbellatus, 537
• Butterflies at high altitudes, 509, 583
• Buttneria, 379
• Button, Mr., 172
• Byronia, 371
• Cacao, 489
• Cacti, 471, 485, 560
• Cæsalpinia, general account of Pacific species, 183-97
• Cæsalpinia bonduc, buoyancy of seeds, 21, 192-5, 529;
  • structures concerned with seed-buoyancy, 106, 191-2;
  • dispersal by currents, 189;
  • distribution, 186, 563;
  • station and extension inland, 49, 186-7
• Cæsalpinia bonducella, buoyancy of seeds, 21, 192-5, 529, 530-1, 552;
  • structures concerned with seed-buoyancy, 106, 111, 191-2;
  • dispersal by currents, 57, 189, 430, 562, 563;
  • in beach-drift, 189, 430, 437-8, 558;
  • dispersal by birds, 57, 188, 511, 581;
  • station and extension inland, 42, 59, 186-8, 551, 552-4, 559;
  • germination, 191;
  • distribution, 68, 186, 563;
  • suggested relation to C. bonduc, 573
• Cæsalpinia nuga, 183
• Cæsalpinia, undescribed mountain species of Fiji, 184-5
• Cakile maritima, 30, 35, 36, 109, 116, 429-31, 432-3, 536, 539, 542, 544
• Calamintha officinalis, 28, 537
• Californian current, 491
• Calla palustris, 537, 544
• Callao, 482, 492, 496-7, 599, 601
• Callitriche, 38, 537
• Calonyction: see Ipomœa
• Calophyllum;
  • relation between coast and inland species, 17, 18, 120, 134, 136, 533
• Calophyllum amœnum, 534
• Calophyllum burmanni, 18, 136, 531
• Calophyllum calaba, 534
• Calophyllum inophyllum;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 18, 529, 534, 552;
  • structures concerned in buoyancy, 107, 113, 115, 122;
  • fruits in beach-drift, 437, 558;
  • station, 42, 43, 49, 52, 550, 554;
  • its relation to inland species, 136
• Calophyllum spectabile, 18, 136, 389, 531
• Caltha palustris, 85, 535
• Camelina sativa, 567
• Campylotheca, 236-8, 240, 243-4, 533
• Cananga odorata, 159, 393, 531
• Canarium, 400, 532
• Canavalia, 107, 201-2;
  • Pacific species, 145, 578;
  • relation between the littoral and inland species, 20, 134, 145
• Canavalia ensiformis, 145, 529, 563, 578-9, 581 (turgida)
• Canavalia galeata, 20, 145-6, 533
• Canavalia sericea, 107, 145, 529, 563, 578-9
• Canavalia obtusifolia;
  • seed-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 19, 83, 145, 529, 562, 579;
  • cause of buoyancy, 107, 113;
  • in beach-drift, 437-8, 489;
  • station and distribution, 42, 43, 488, 498, 547, 550, 563, 578
• Candolle, A. de, 25, 62, 80, 239, 418, 562, 573
• Candolle, C. de, 376
• Canna indica, 532
• Canthiopsis, 265
• Canthium, 355
• Cape-pigeon (Daption capensis), 511
• Capercailzie, 282
• Capparis sandwicensis (sandwichiana), 533, 553
• Capsella bursa pastoris, 536, 567
• Carapa, seed-buoyancy, 108, 114, 529;
  • beach and river drift, 76, 435, 437;
  • germination, 76, 78, 564;
  • station, 43, 550-1;
  • distribution, 68-9, 562
• Cardamine hirsuta, 536
• Cardamine pratensis, 536
• Cardamine sarmentosa, 604
• Cardiospermum halicacabum, 417, 605;
  • see Additions and Corrections
• Carduus, 28, 536
• Carex, 37, 272, 283, 538, 540, 544
• Careya, 575
• Carmichael, Captain, on Tristan da Cunha, 276, 286
• Carpenter, Captain, 490
• Carruthersia, 265
• Caryophyllaceæ;
  • represented in the early flora of Hawaii, 261-3, 518
• Caspary, R., on the dispersal of water-lilies, 512
• Cassia gaudichaudii, 533
• Cassia occidentalis, 533
• Cassia sophora, 605
• Cassowaries as seed-dispersers, 152, 160
• Cassytha filiformis;
  • fruit-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 71, 106, 111, 121-2, 530, 552, 563, 569;
  • dispersal by birds, 71, 123, 564;
  • station and distribution, 56, 59, 67, 122, 551-2, 563;
  • extension inland, 42, 49, 59, 121, 547, 548, 559, 569
• Castillo (Drake del), on the Tahitian flora, 46, 49, 221, 231, 254, 285, 318, 347, 504, 551
• Casuarina, 134, 136, 479
• Casuarina equisetifolia, 42, 45, 136, 530, 548-9
• Casuarina nodiflora, 136, 549
• Cattle Plains of Hawaii, 208
• Centranthus ruber, 536
• Centropogon, 251, 259
• Cerastium vulgatum, 536
• Ceratophyllum, 38, 398-9, 408, 537
• Cerbera odollam, distribution, 64, 563;
  • station, 551;
  • extension inland, 41, 42, 49, 121, 547, 548, 569;
  • fruit-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 76, 108, 114, 121, 530;
  • in river and beach drift, 76, 435, 437
• Chærophyllum sylvestre, 28, 536
• Chagres River, 498
• Chamisso, 367
• Chancay coast (Peru), 482
• Charpentiera, 263
• Cheeseman, Mr., on the flora of Rarotonga, 50, 177, 208, 216, 232, 238, 256, 291, 293, 295;
  • on Kermadec plants, 295, 420, 572;
  • on Polynesian food-plants, 415, 420
• Cheirodendron, 262, 263, 281, 343, 364, 533, 594, 604
• Chelidonium majus, 535
• Chenopodium, 272, 283, 284, 537
• Cherry (Cerasus) stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
• Chestnuts in beach-drift, 429
• Chile;
  • the coast plants and beach-drift, 431, 474-80, 596;
  • the coast climate, 491-3, 598-601
• Chloridops kona, 275
• Christmas Island, 422
• Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 536, 568
• Chrysanthemum segetum, 536
• Chrysodium aureum, 48, 486, 498
• Chrysophyllum, 362
• Chrysosplenium, 536
• Cicuta virosa, 28, 536
• Citrus aurantium, 125, 532
• Citrus decumana, 125, 126, 532, 533
• Citrus, other species, 125, 436, 532
• Cladium mariscus, 537
• Clarke, Mr. C. B., on Cyrtandra, 316
• Cleome, 362
• Clermontia, 252-6, 258-9, 533
• Clerodendron, 17, 121
• Clerodendron inerme, 47, 76, 108, 114, 435, 530, 551, 563
• Climate and currents, 491-5, 500, 597-601
• Clouds, altitude of, on mountains;
  • on the Owen Stanley Range, 215;
  • observations on the summit of Mauna Loa, 584;
  • on the Chilian and Peruvian sea-borders, 492, 494
• Coast and inland species of a genus, relation of, 16, 27, 133-169
• Cocculus, 362
• Cochlearia officinalis, 33, 536, 540
• Coco-de-mer, 61
• Coco-nut palm (Cocos nucifera), 67, 108, 413, 530, 552, 553-4, 563;
  • effective dispersal by currents, 436;
  • viviparous, 472
• Coix lachryma, 532
• Collomia, 568
• Colobanthus, 263
• Colocasia antiquorum, 412
• Colon;
  • shore-plants, 498
• Colubrina, 134, 137
• Colubrina asiatica;
  • station and distribution, 137, 552, 556, 562-4;
  • inland extension, 49, 547;
  • seed-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 105, 137, 529;
  • river and beach drift, 436, 559
• Colubrina oppositifolia, 137, 533-4, 576
• Columbæ, extinct;
  • of the Mascarene Islands, 152, 157, 159, 169, 200, 517
• Comins, Rev. R. B., 379
• Commelina nudiflora (syn. pacifica), 533, 605
• Commersonia echinata (syn. platyphylla), 532, 548
• Commersonia, 376, 380
• Compositæ, age of, 9, 231-49, 304, 306, 503, 514, 517-20;
  • endemic Hawaiian and Tahitian genera, 236, 248;
  • arborescent, 235-49;
  • dispersal by birds, 241, 593, 605;
  • fruit-buoyancy of British species, 536
• Coniferæ, age of, 303-6, 502-3, 514, 519-20;
  • Fijian, 294, 297-306;
  • New Zealand, 507-9, 514
• Conocarpus erectus, 68, 108, 438, 498
• Convolvulaceæ, seed-buoyancy, 28, 110, 117, 544;
  • abortive germination of floating seeds, 76, 79, 83, 85, 87
• Convolvulus arvensis, 28, 110, 537, 544
• Convolvulus sepium;
  • station, 29;
  • distribution, 417-8, 573;
  • seeding in England, 539;
  • buoyancy of seeds, 26, 29, 106, 110, 537, 539, 544;
  • suggested dimorphism, 573
• Convolvulus soldanella;
  • seed-buoyancy, 26, 28, 35, 36, 83, 91, 106, 110, 115, 537, 542, 566;
  • non-germination in sea-water, 35, 544, 546;
  • seeds in beach-drift, 31, 429-31;
  • dispersal by currents, 432-3;
  • distribution, 131, 433, 476-9, 542, 572;
  • suggested dimorphism, 573
• Convolvulus tricolor;
  • germination in sea-water, 546
• Conway, Sir Martin, 241
• Coprosma, 270-2, 274-5, 290-3, 294-6, 305, 315, 321, 331, 533
• Corals on the coasts of Chile and Peru, 496-7, 601
• Cordia, 17, 121, 134, 137, 485, 488
• Cordia aspera, 137
• Cordia subcordata;
  • station and distribution, 52, 551-2, 555, 563;
  • fruit-buoyancy, 79, 108, 114, 530-1;
  • sea and beach-drift, 79, 437;
  • becoming extinct in Hawaii, 578
• Cordyline, 420, 532
• Coreopsis, 237
• Coriaria, 270, 290, 291-2, 305
• Corks in beach-drift, 479
• Corral (Chile), 478
• Corvus tropicus, 321
• Corylus avellana, 126, 429 (hazel), 431 (hazel), 537, 538, 572
• Corynocarpus, 508
• Cotula plumosa, 241
• Cotyledon umbilicus, 417-8, 536
• Couthovia, 265-6, 401, 532
• Crambe maritima, 35, 536, 542, 581
• Cratægus oxyacantha, 536
• Cratæva religiosa, 379
• Crepis, 536
• Crinum asiaticum, 530
• Crithmum maritimum, 28, 35, 109, 116, 429, 433, 536, 542, 544
• Crocodile, in Fiji, 65
• Crosby, Mr., 550
• Croton, vivipary, 472
• Cucumis acidus, 532
• Cucurbita, 125, 479, 532
• Cupania, 532
• Curcuma longa, 548
• Curlews, as seed-dispersers, 355, 356
• Currents, as seed-dispersers, 4, 12, 44, 49, 57, 58, 61-75, 79-84, 179, 557, 562, 571;
  • Gulf-stream, 4, 80, 180, 189, 430, 570, 581;
  • currents reaching Hawaii, 58, 72-5, 557-9;
  • Humboldt or Peruvian current, 480, 483, 490-5, 500, 597-601;
  • see under Climate and currents
• Cuscuta, 58, 366, 537, 552, 553, 555, 559, 595
• Cyanea, 252, 254-5, 258, 604
• Cyathodes, 272, 282, 284, 285, 290-1, 292, 305, 533, 553-4
• Cyathula prostrata, 605
• Cycas circinalis, 42, 109, 115, 328, 413, 530, 547, 548-9, 563
• Cynometra, 108, 529, 563
• Cyperaceæ, dispersal by ducks, 513;
  • by purple water-hens, 296
• Cyrtandra, 308-9, 316, 331, 405, 520
• Cyrtosperma, 413
• Cytisus scoparius, 536
• Dacrydium, 294, 297-8, 302, 305-6
• Dalbergia monosperma, 106, 435, 529, 551, 563
• Damasonium stellatum, 537
• Dammara, 294, 298, 303-6, 532
• Daption capensis (Cape-pigeon), 511
• Darwin, Mr., 24, 150, 177, 347, 497, 509, 538, 539, 542, 544, 546, 568
• Datura stramonium, 537
• Davis, Prof., 491
• Davis, Rev. S. H., 213
• Dead Sea, density of, 89
• Death and Evolution, 11, 523
• Delissea, 252, 254-5, 258
• Density of sea-water and seed-buoyancy, 88, 566
• Derris uliginosa;
  • distribution, 68, 552, 563;
  • station, 44, 551;
  • inland extension, 42, 547;
  • fruit-buoyancy, 106, 111, 529, 552;
  • river-drift, 76, 435;
  • beach-drift, 437
• Deschampsia, 272, 275
• Desmodium umbellatum, 106, 529
• Desmodium polycarpum, 605
• Deterioration of capacity for dispersal, 262-3, 337, 350, 365, 507, 594-5
• Deyeuxia, 272, 284-5
• Dianella, 356, 533
• Dichrocephala latifolia, 605
• Dickson, Mr., 493
• Didunculus, 159, 393
• Didymocarpus, 318
• Differentiation of birds and plants, 505-7, 514, 520, 521-2;
  • of climate, 470, 473, 507, 521-2
• Dimorphism, suggested, in Rhizophora, 449, 465, 521;
  • in Cæsalpinia, 573;
  • in Convolvulus sepium and C. soldanella, 573
• Dioclea, 82, 107, 113, 436, 529, 531, 563
• Dioscorea, 412-4, 532
• Dispersal, agencies of, 5, 61, 502;
  • suspension, causes of, 5-9, 242-3, 365, 504, 514, 521-2;
  • see under Adaptation, Birds, Currents, Deterioration &c.
• Dixon, Mr. C., on differentiation of birds, 505-6;
  • on seeds in petrels, 581
• Döderlein, 54
• Dodo, 8, 159, 522
• Dodonæa, 67, 71, 106, 333, 338, 357, 529, 548, 554, 563
• Dole, Mr., 241, 557
• Dolicholobium, 394, 603
• Douglas, Mr. D., 278, 282, 586
• Dove: see Pigeon
• Draba verna, 536
• Dracæna aurea, 367, 533
• Dracæna, vivipary in, 471
• Dracocephalum, 568
• Dracontomelon, 399, 532
• Dragon-flies, dispersed by winds, 510
• Drepanididæ, 259, 343, 348, 504-5, 603
• Drepanocarpus, 562
• Drift: see Beach seed-drift, River seed-drift
• Drift-timber, 58, 72, 557
• Drosera, 4, 253, 270, 272, 285-8, 536
• Druce, Mr., on Sea-thrifts, 34
• Drupe, rubiaceous, its first appearance in the Pacific, 262
• Drying-winds, 491-4
• Drymispermum, 45, 133, 134, 164, 166, 530
• Dryobalanops, vivipary in, 471
• Dubautia, 236-8, 240, 243-4
• Ducie Island, 49, 64
• Ducks, as dispersers of seeds, 241, 277, 356, 369, 370, 375, 399, 506, 512-3, 514, 541
• Dusolier, M., 506
• Dwarfing of shore-plants growing inland, 547
• Dysoxylum, 376
• Easter Island, 64
• Ecastaphyllum, 562
• Eclipta alba, 533, 534, 605
• Ecuador, climate of sea-border, 476, 483, 489-91, 493-6, 500, 597;
  • influence of the Humboldt or Peruvian current, 490-1, 493-5, 500, 599;
  • mangroves, 3, 77, 445, 448, 474-6, 483-90, 521, 597;
  • beach-drift and beach-plants, 180, 488-9;
  • temperature of the Guayaquil estuary, 77, 78, 565;
  • drift of the Guayaquil River, 91, 435, 488-9;
  • Santa Rosa River, 486;
  • Machala plains, 485, 495;
  • Santa Elena coast, 483, 490, 494, 597
• Eeka, mountain in Maui, 208, 214, 253
• Eggers, Baron von, on the climate and mangroves of Ecuador, 449, 450, 476, 483-4, 487, 490, 493-5, 597
• Ekstam, O., on seed-dispersal in Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla, 242, 277, 282, 434, 511, 512
• Elæocarpus, 334, 357-8, 389, 391, 401, 507-9, 532
• Elatine hydropiper, 536
• Elatostema, 317, 383, 391, 405
• Electrical state of the atmosphere, 582, 588
• Eleusine indica, 605
• Elizabeth Island, 64
• Embelia, 362-4, 409, 520
• Empetrum nigrum, 511
• Endemic genera and species, tables of, 232, 233, 244, 252, 255, 263, 265;
  • see under Fiji, Hawaii, Tahiti
• Endemism: see under Species
• English beach-drift, 429-33;
  • see Beach seed-drift
• Entada scandens, 176;
  • station, 44, 48, 50, 177, 182;
  • distribution, 68, 177-9, 182, 200, 499, 500, 551, 563;
  • dispersed by currents, 179-80, 182;
  • seed-buoyancy, 82, 94, 106, 111, 181-3, 529, 531;
  • river and beach drift, 180, 430, 435, 437-8, 488-9, 499
• Epilobium, 471, 536, 603
• Epiphytic plants, 281 (Vaccinium);
  • 291 (Weinmannia);
  • 343 (Myoporum and Vaccinium);
  • 383 (Loranthus);
  • 402 (Myrmecodia)
• Eranthemum, 532
• Eriophorum, 537
• Erodium maritimum, 33
• Eryngium maritimum, 28, 35, 536, 539, 543, 544, 581
• Erythrina;
  • general discussion of the genus, 577;
  • relation between coast and inland species, 19, 134, 141;
  • seed-buoyancy, 107;
  • seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489
• Erythrina indica, 19, 107, 141-4, 529, 562, 577
• Erythrina monosperma, 20, 141-4, 200, 533, 553-4, 578
• Erythrina ovalifolia, 107, 577
• Erythrina aurantiaca, 144
• Erythrina vespertilio, 144
• Estuaries, temperature of tropical, 78, 564
• Etna, shadow of, 586
• Eucalyptus, 479
• Eugenia, 61, 134, 163, 166, 334, 349, 357, 507, 532, 603
• Eugenia brackenridgei, 351
• Eugenia corynocarpa, 350, 351, 532
• Eugenia grandis, 163
• Eugenia malaccensis, 349, 532
• Eugenia monticola, 351
• Eugenia neurocalyx, 350, 351
• Eugenia rariflora, 164, 349-52, 532
• Eugenia richii, 45, 164, 350, 529
• Eugenia rivularis, 350, 532
• Euonymus europæus, 536
• Eupatorium cannabinum, 536
• Euphorbia, 29, 478, 537
• Euphorbia amygdaloides, 537, 605
• Euphorbia atoto, 106, 530
• Euphorbia cordata, 556
• Euphorbia helioscopia, 29, 537
• Euphorbia paralias, 29, 31, 35, 109, 116, 429, 431-3, 537, 543, 544
• Euphorbia peplus, 537
• Euphorbia segetalis, 537, 605
• Eurya, 371-3
• Euxolus caudatus, 605
• Everett, Mr., 388
• Evolution, 11, 227, 522;
  • see under Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Species
• Excæcaria agallocha, 43, 109, 436, 530, 551, 563
• Exocarpus, 271, 274-5
• Fagræa berteriana, 42, 45, 385, 532, 548, 603
• Fagus, 508
• Fanning Island, 377
• Fernando Noronha, its flora and its birds, 8, 144, 366, 388
• Ferns, 220-30, 509, 517, 592, 593
• Ficus, 61, 377, 387, 395, 504, 532
• Fiji, the climate, 209, 215-8;
  • the seed-drift of rivers and beaches, 435-6;
  • the “talasinga” plains, 42, 43, 215, 386, 547, 548, 569;
  • area and altitudes, 207-8
• Fijian flora, the littoral plants, 13, 40, 528-30, 550-1;
  • • ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 592;
    • endemic genera and endemic species, 231-5, 264-6;
    • mountain plants, 269, 293-7, 305;
    • conifers, 297-306
  • The age of Malayan plants comprising first the genera widely dispersed over the Pacific, 307-58;
    • and then those that are locally dispersed, 359, 360;
    • the last comprising Fijian genera found in Hawaii and not in Tahiti, 359, 371-4;
    • Fijian genera found in Tahiti and not in Hawaii, 359, 380-8;
    • and genera found in Fiji, but neither in Hawaii nor in Tahiti, 360, 399-408 ...
    • The number of Fijian flowering plants, 528, 592 ...
    • The Fijian “difficulty,” 155, 166, 169, 517 ...
    • The buoyancy of the seeds of inland plants, 531
• Fish in the Humboldt current, 600
• Fitchia, 236, 237-8, 240, 245, 248
• Fleurya interrupta, 605
• Flying-foxes: see Bats
• Focke, W. O., on the dispersal of Leguminosæ, 150, 417
• Fogs on the Chilian and Peruvian coasts, 475, 481, 490, 492-3, 600
• Forbes, Dr. H. O., 304, 347, 388
• Forster on the “Antarctic” flora, 271
• Fragaria chilensis, 4, 270, 272, 285, 287-8
• Fragaria vesca, 536
• Francolins at high altitudes, 241
• Franseria, 131, 431, 478-9, 597
• Freycinetia, 308-9, 319, 331, 504-5, 509-10
• Frigate-birds (Fregata), as seed-dispersers, 188, 511
• Fritillaria meleagris, 537
• Fruits “difficult” or “impossible” from the standpoint of dispersal, 262, 267, 372-3, 379, 388-9, 391, 409;
  • see under the Fijian flora and the Hawaiian flora Fruit-pigeons (Carpophaga, &c.), seeds and fruits eaten by them, limit of size, 337, 381, 389, 400-1, 410;
  • Achras, 373;
  • Areca, 330;
  • Cananga, 393;
  • Canarium, 372, 400;
  • Cassytha, 123, 564;
  • Coriaria, 292;
  • Corynocarpus, 508;
  • Couthovia, 266, 401;
  • Dracontomelon, 372, 400;
  • Elæocarpus, 337, 372, 508;
  • Eugenia, 350;
  • Ficus, 388, 504;
  • Gnetum, 404;
  • Kentia, 330;
  • Litsea, 508;
  • Myristica, 403;
  • Olea, 508;
  • Oncocarpus, 266;
  • Phyllanthus, 326;
  • Pisonia, 347;
  • Plectronia, 355;
  • Podocarpus, 301, 508;
  • Premna, 561;
  • Psychotria, 314;
  • Sapota, 373;
  • Sideroxylon, 373;
  • Spondias, 602;
  • Vitex, 564;
  • Ximenia, 113.
  • (For additional note on Litsea and Vitex, see Additions and Corrections)
• Fruits, fleshy, 101
• Fulmar-petrel, 581
• Galapagos Islands, flora and avifauna, 505
• Galeopsis tetrahit, 28, 537
• Galium aparine, 27, 536, 539
• Galium mollugo, 536
• Galium palustre, 27, 536
• Garcinia, 575
• Gardenia, 308-9, 311, 532-3, 548, 552
• Garuas, 475, 481, 600
• Gätke, H., 151, 506, 593
• Gaudichaud, 385, 434
• Gay, C., on Chilian plants, 477-8
• Geese, as seed-dispersers, 241, 275, 283, 356, 511-2, 514
• Geissois, 343, 393, 510, 532
• Geniostoma, 384
• Geological time, 502, 520
• Geophila reniformis, 417, 532, 605
• Geranium, 4, 269, 272, 274-5
• Germination, of floating seeds, 76;
  • its connection with vivipary, 78, 84, 87, 191, 468, 521;
  • effect of previous immersion in sea-water on the germinating capacity of seeds in soil, 25, 539;
  • germination in sea-water in temperate latitudes, 35, 544;
  • germination in sea-water in tropical latitudes, 79-87;
  • the process in Cæsalpinia, 191, and in Cuscuta, 595
• Giffard, Mr., 212
• Gilia, 568
• Gill, Rev. Wyatt, 48
• Gizzard-stones in birds, 159
• Glacial epoch, 503, 509, 513
• Glaucium luteum, 35, 90, 536, 539, 543 544
• Glaux maritima, 34, 36, 537, 541
• Gleichenia, 548
• Gnetum, 391, 404, 532
• Goats as seed-dispersers, 554, 558
• Goebel, K., 453;
  • on vivipary, 469-72
• Gossypium, 352, 533
• Gossypium tomentosum, 58-9, 529, 533, 552, 556
• Gouania, 371-3
• Gouldia, 262-3
• Goura pigeon, 8, 159, 392
• Gourds dispersed by currents, 125, 570
• Græffea, 265
• Grape-seeds in beach-drift, 429
• Gray, Asa, 34
• Grewia, 381, 382, 532
• Grindon, Mr., 603
• Grouse-family as seed-dispersers: see Tetraonidæ
• Guavas, 554
• Guayas or Guayaquil river and estuary: see under Ecuador
• Guettarda, relation between coast and inland species, 17, 121, 134, 162, 166, 532, 533;
  • germination, 79, 132
• Guettarda speciosa, station at coast, 43, 551;
  • station inland, 162;
  • distribution, 64, 68, 563;
  • buoyancy of fruits and their dispersal by currents, 55-6, 108, 114, 163, 529;
  • beach-drift, 163, 437
• Guilandina (synonym of Cæsalpinia), 188, 562
• Gulf-stream drift: see under Currents
• Gulls (Laridæ) as seed-dispersers, 241, 511, 514
• Gum-resins, native names of, 300
• Gunnera, 269, 271, 272, 274, 275
• Gunnerus, 570
• Gyrocarpus jacquini, 2, 49, 68, 106, 111, 422, 428, 529, 551, 563
• Haberlandt, G., on the germination of mangroves, 453, 457, 465
• Haleakala, 208
• Hall, Mr. W. L., on the forests of Hawaii, 213
• Halophily, 581
• Hamilton, Mr., on the crop-stones of the moa, 159
• Hann, Prof., on mountain climates, 582
• Haplopetalon, 264, 265
• Haplostachys, 263, 594
• Hawaiian islands;
  • area and altitude, 207-8;
  • climate, 209-15, 217-8, 582-92;
  • temperature and relative humidity, 209-11, 218;
  • rainfall, 212-15, 218;
  • meteorology of the summit of Mauna Loa, 582-92
• Hawaiian flora;
  • • littoral plants, 15, 51, 71, 552, 553-7;
    • beach-drift, 58, 557;
    • ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 517, 592, 593;
    • the eras of the flowering plants, 234-5, 517;
    • tables of endemic genera and endemic species, 232, 233, 244, 252, 263;
    • the age of Compositæ, 235-49;
    • the age of the Lobeliaceæ, 250-60, 266-7, 603;
    • the endemic genera belonging neither to the Compositæ nor to the Lobeliaceæ, 261-4, 594;
    • mountain flora, 269-88, 518
  • The age of Malayan genera, 307-78;
    • the Malayan genera widely dispersed in the Pacific, 307-58;
    • the Malayan genera locally dispersed, 359-69;
    • the residual genera (found only in Hawaii), 359, 361;
    • the genera occurring in Hawaii and Tahiti but not in Fiji, 359, 370;
    • the genera occurring in Hawaii and Fiji but not in Tahiti, 359, 371;
    • the absentees from Hawaii, 359, 375
  • American plants in Hawaii, 261, 334, 362, 372, 409, 517-8.
    • They include the following orders and genera:—
    • Compositæ, 237, 248, 260, 518;
    • Lobeliaceæ, 254, 260, 266, 518;
    • Caryophyllaceæ, 261-3, 518;
    • Sanicula, 272-3, 287;
    • Sisyrinchium, 272-3, 287;
    • Fragaria, 285, 288;
    • Rubus, 273, 285;
    • Pritchardia, 309, 326;
    • Lythrum, 362;
    • Perrottetia, 362;
    • Sicyos, 362, 365;
    • Chrysophyllum, 362;
    • Nama, 362;
    • Jacquemontia, 362, 365;
    • Sphacele, 362;
    • Phytolacca, 362, 364;
    • Urera, 362
  • The Hawaiian difficulty, 140, 165, 168, 517;
    • Hawaiian plants and birds, 505-6, 603;
    • buoyancy of fruits and seeds of inland plants, 533-4
• Haynaldia, 251
• Hazel: see Corylus avellana
• Hazlewood’s Fijian Dictionary, 400
• Heather, 511
• Hedera helix, 536
• Hedley, Mr., 65, 66, 304
• Hegelmaier, on Lemna, 408
• Heilprin, Prof., 506
• Helianthemum vulgare, 536, 567
• Heliosciadium, 538
• Heliotropium anomalum, 49, 56, 58, 365, 370, 528, 552, 554-7
• Heliotropium curassavicum, 56, 58, 482, 552, 555, 557
• Hemsley, Mr. W. B., 34, 232, 238, 301, 434, 499, 511, 530, 539, 581;
  • on dispersal by currents, 62;
  • on Cæsalpinia, 184;
  • on insular Leguminosæ, 198-9;
  • on the Pacific Compositæ, 242, 246-7;
  • on the Pacific Lobeliaceæ, 251, 257;
  • on Pisonia, 346;
  • on Gnetum, 404;
  • on ten widely spread British plants, 417;
  • on Rhizophora mangle in the Pacific, 441;
  • on vivipary in Dracæna, 471;
  • on Brackenridgea, 569
• Heptapleurum, 263
• Heritiera littoralis, station, 43, 551;
  • distribution, 47, 68, 375-6, 551, 562;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529;
  • their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435;
  • and in beach-drift, 437
• Hernandia peltata, station, 551;
  • extension inland, 49;
  • distribution, 54, 64, 68, 562, 563;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 109, 115, 530;
  • beach-drift, 437
• Herpestis monnieria, 552, 557
• Hesperomannia, 236-7, 243-4
• Hesselman, H., on plant-dispersal, 282, 511
• Hibbertia, 402, 548
• Hibiscus, 21, 134, 137
• Hibiscus abelmoschus, 21, 124, 532, 533
• Hibiscus diversifolius, 21, 105, 529
• Hibiscus esculentus, 21, 532
• Hibiscus tiliaceus, station, 43, 486, 498, 551, 555-7;
  • growing inland, 41-2, 419, 547, 557, 560;
  • distribution, 52, 486, 498, 552, 563;
  • seed-buoyancy, 21, 105, 529, 552;
  • beach-drift, 437-8;
  • river-drift, 435;
  • sea-drift, 489;
  • currents, 562
• Hibiscus youngianus, 21, 533, 534
• Hillebrand, Dr., on the Hawaiian flora;
  • introduced littoral trees, 51;
  • the agency of the currents, 73;
  • the endemism of the ferns, 224-7, 593;
  • the Compositæ, 236-47;
  • the Lobeliaceæ, 250-5;
  • the absence of Coniferæ, 303;
  • on Cyrtandra, 317;
  • other references, 231, 340, 341, 405, 557, 559, 560, 576, 578, 594, &c.
• Hillebrand, Mr. W. F., 224
• Hillebrandia, 263, 394
• Hilo, 53, 213
• Hippomane mancinella (Manchineel), 68, 109, 498
• Hochstetter, 336
• Holland, Mr., 478, 489, 499
• Holmboe, Jens, on Silene maritima, 280
• Holmes, Mr., on the Fijian rainfall, 216, 549
• Honckeneya: see Arenaria peploides
• Hooker, Sir J., 198, 238, 258, 271, 344, 369, 581
• Horne, Mr., on the Fijian flora, 41, 172, 394, 395, 425, 549, 592
• Horse-dung containing seeds transported by currents, 558
• Hottonia palustris, 536
• Hoya, 377
• Humboldt on insects in the upper air-currents, 583
• Humboldt current, 480, 483, 490-5, 500, 597-601
• Hydnophytum, 402
• Hydrocharis, 537
• Hydrocotyle asiatica, 532, 605
• Hydrocotyle verticillata, 533-4
• Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 28, 536, 544
• Hygrophytes, 32, 515
• Hypericum, perforatum, quadrangulum, elodes, 536
• Iceland;
  • plants, 505
• Ilex aquifolium, 536
• Impatiens fulva, 536
• Impatiens parviflora, 536
• Incas;
  • bones exposed on the Ancon plain, 497
• Inocarpus edulis, 108, 421, 435, 529, 563
• Insects in the upper air-currents, 509-10, 514, 582-3
• Ipomea: see Ipomœa
• Ipomœa, 20, 76, 109, 134, 137, 489, 532-3, 546
• Ipomœa batatas, 20, 415 (Batatas edulis), 532
• Ipomœa bona nox (Calonyction speciosum), 20, 106, 110, 533, 534, 554, 558, 605
• Ipomœa glaberrima (Calonyction comosperma), 20, 52, 57, 106, 110, 472, 530, 552, 555, 558, 564
• Ipomœa grandiflora, 20, 106, 530, 531
• Ipomœa insularis, 20, 110, 532, 533, 553, 554, 605
• Ipomœa peltata, 110, 435, 472, 532
• Ipomœa pentaphylla, 20, 110, 533
• Ipomœa reptans, 533
• Ipomœa tuberculata, 20, 110, 533, 556
• Ipomœa turpethum, 20, 106, 110, 532
• Ipomœa pes-capræ;
  • seed-buoyancy, 20, 21, 83, 106, 110, 121, 530, 546, 569;
  • dispersal by currents, 56-7, 562;
  • seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489, 558-9;
  • distribution, 56, 68, 433, 488, 498, 552, 563, 564, 572;
  • station, 43, 551, 553-6, 560;
  • growing inland, 21, 41, 42, 121, 547, 560, 569
• Iris;
  • home of the genus, 396
• Iris fœtidissima, 24, 27, 537
• Iris pseudacorus, 24, 27, 30, 430, 537, 540, 544
• Isodendrion, 263
• Isotoma, 255
• Jacquemontia, 58, 365, 533, 552, 553, 555-7
• Jacquin, on Rhizophora mangle, 457
• Jambeli Island, 488-9
• Johnston, Sir H., 241, 252, 510
• Jouan, H., 187
• Juan Fernandez, 222, 316
• Juncus, 89, 471, 537, 545, 568
• Junghuhn, on the climate of the Java mountains, 211
• Jussiæa villosa, 533
• Kadua, 262, 263
• Kandavu, 207, 208
• Karsten, G., on Rhizophora, 453
• Kauai, 207, 208, 214
• Kauri pine, 299
• Keeble, F. W., on the dispersal of Loranthus, 383
• Keeling atoll, 81, 190, 510
• Kerguelen, 241, 242, 276
• Kermadec islands, 258, 276, 295, 420, 572
• Kerner, Dr., 63, 101, 277, 408, 469, 567
• Kidder, Dr., 241, 276
• Kilimanjaro, 251
• Kinabalu, Mount, in Borneo, 286, 295-6, 301
• Kirk, T., on the forest-flora of New Zealand, 299, 347, 507
• Kittlitz, on Nipa fruticans, 66
• Kiwi, 522
• Kleinhovia hospita, 21, 105, 376, 529, 562, 602
• Koebele, Prof., 212, 578
• Kolpin-Ravn, on seed-buoyancy, 24, 38, 116, 538
• Krakatoa beach-drift, &c., 180, 190, 206, 221
• Krämer, Dr., 275, 283
• Kurz, Mr., 577;
  • on Scirpodendron, 406
• Labiatæ;
  • station and seed-buoyancy, 28, 537;
  • mucosity of seeds, 567-8;
  • Hawaiian endemic genera, 261-3, 518, 594
• Lablab vulgaris, 413, 417, 605
• Labordea, 262, 263
• Labrador current and climate, 493
• Lagenaria (bottle-gourds), dispersal by currents, 125, 570
• Lagenophora, 240, 242, 270-2, 274-5, 276, 293-4, 305, 568
• Lagerheim, Prof., on the dispersal of Empetrum nigrum, 512
• Lagopus: see Tetraonidæ
• Laguncularia;
  • station and distribution, 68-9, 484, 498;
  • dispersal by currents, 77;
  • fruit-buoyancy, 108;
  • fruits in beach-drift, 438;
  • in river-drift, 489;
  • in sea-drift, 489;
  • germination, 77-8, 469, 471
• Lamium album, 28, 537
• Lamium galeobdolon, 537
• Lamium purpureum, 28, 537, 568
• Lapsana communis, 536
• Larch, 430
• Lathyrus maritimus, 35, 107, 116, 430, 432, 536, 543
• Lathyrus pratensis, 536
• Layard, Messrs., on birds and seeds, 143, 296, 388, 420
• Leersia oryzoides, 538
• Leguminosæ in littoral floras, 13, 19, 68, 76, 79-85, 87, 107, 111, 117, 140-51, 170-97, 198, 438-9;
  • dispersal by birds, 150, 417, 581
• Lemnaceæ, 407, 488, 537
• Leontodon autumnalis, 536
• Lepidium sativum, 567
• Lepinia tahitensis, 378-9
• Leucæna forsteri, 425, 529
• Leucas decemdentata, 605
• Ligustrum vulgare, 537
• Limnanthemum, 396, 537
• Linaria cymbalaria, 537
• Linaria vulgaris, 537
• Linden, A., on Pritchardia, 326-7
• Lindenia, 395, 532, 603
• Lindman, C., on the Gulf stream drift of the Scandinavian coast, 180, 430, 531
• Linum, 536, 567
• Lipochæta, 58, 236-7, 239, 243-4, 552-3, 556-7
• Lister, Mr., 327, 356, 550
• Lithospermum officinale, 537
• Litsea, 508;
  • see Additions and Corrections
• Littoral plants;
  • distribution in tropics, 68, 516, 562;
  • causes of the buoyancy of the seeds and fruits, 104, 119, 569;
  • long flotation experiments, 530;
  • the littoral plants and the currents of the Pacific, 61;
  • relation of littoral and inland species of the same genus, 130-70;
  • the inland extension of beach plants, 34, 40, 49, 59, 121, 547-50, 559, 568, 579;
  • Fijian shore plants, 13, 15, 40, 528, 547-50;
  • Tahitian shore plants, 14, 47, 551;
  • Hawaiian shore plants, 15, 51, 552-7, 559, 563;
  • shore plants of west coast of South America, 474-88, 500, 596;
  • shore plants of the Panama isthmus, 498;
  • British shore plants, 33-6, 106, 107, 109, 115, 432-3, 540-4;
  • halophily, 581
• Lobelia, 252-6, 258, 272-3, 279
• Lobelia dortmanna, 536
• Lobeliaceæ, Age of, 250-60, 266-7, 304, 306, 517-20;
  • arborescent, 250-60;
  • Hawaiian, 253;
  • Tahitian and Rarotongan, 256;
  • affinities with American forms, 251, 267;
  • relation between the flowers and birds, 504-5, 603;
  • seed-buoyancy, 533;
  • capacities of dispersal, 258
• Locusts as seed-dispersers, 509
• Loranthus, 377, 381, 383
• Lotus corniculatus, 536
• Luffa, 426, 472, 529, 563, 571
• Lumnitzera, 43, 69, 108, 435, 437, 529, 551, 563
• Luzula campestris;
  • in Hawaii, 272, 286-8;
  • in Tahiti, 290, 292;
  • mucosity of the seeds and their dispersal by birds, 286, 417, 568;
  • seed-buoyancy, 89, 537
• Lychnis diurna, 536
• Lycopods, 220-30, 509, 517, 592, 593
• Lycopsis arvensis, 537
• Lycopus europæus, 28, 37, 86, 417-8, 537, 545, 568
• Lyon, Prof., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213
• Lysimachia;
  • in Hawaii, 272, 283-5
• Lysimachia thyrsiflora, 537
• Lysimachia vulgaris, 536
• Lythrum;
  • in Hawaii, 362
• Lythrum salicaria, 417-8, 536, 603
• Maba, 371-3, 532-3
• Macaranga, 381, 384, 436, 532
• Macgregor, Sir W., 215
• Machala plains (Ecuador), 484-5, 495
• M’Lachlan, Mr., on dragon-flies in ancient drift, 510
• Magellan Straits, its shore plants, 477
• Maiden, Mr., on the plants of Pitcairn Island, 345, 355, 418, 562
• Malayan era of the Pacific floras, 308-9, 330-2, 333, 353, 357, 359, 519
• Malva rotundifolia and sylvestris, 536
• Malvaceæ, the effect of sea-water on the seeds, 544
• Man in the Pacific, subject to the laws of distribution, 325, 411-2, 427
• Manchineel: see Hippomane
• Mandarin orange;
  • precocious germination of its seeds, 472
• Mangle chico, 445, 448-9, 498, 501
• Mangle grande, 445, 448-9, 498, 501
• Mangrove formation, 9, 43-4, 47, 50, 53-5, 77, 132, 483-7 (Ecuador), 551, 597
• Marquesas, 208, 529
• Marsilea, 408
• Martins, Prof., on the effects of sea-water immersion on seeds, 24, 538-9, 542-4, 546
• Mascarene islands;
  • association of several species of Pandanus with extinct Columbæ, 152, 157, 169, 517;
  • linked to the Pacific islands by Afzelia bijuga, 172;
  • by Acacia heterophylla, 200;
  • by Naias marina, 368;
  • by Potamogeton, 369;
  • by Eugenia, 351;
  • by Sophora, 148;
  • by Ochrosia, 153, 580;
  • by Pandanus, 157-9
• Mat-names and plant-names in Polynesia, 324, 328
• Matricaria chamomilla, 536, 568
• Matricaria inodora;
  • inland form, 536, 543;
  • maritime form, 33-4, 109, 116, 536, 540, 543
• Matricaria maritima: see under M. inodora
• Maui, 207-8
• Mauna Kea, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587
• Mauna Loa, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587
• Mauna Loa;
  • meteorological observations on summit, 582
• Mauritius: see Mascarene islands
• Maxwell, Dr., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213
• Medanos, 482
• Medicago;
  • fruits frequent in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 431, 536
• Medinilla, 376
• Mediterranean beach-drift, 430
• Megapodes, as probable seed-dispersers, 160, 169, 200, 392
• Melastoma, 376, 381, 382, 532, 603
• Melastoma denticulatum, 382, 532, 548
• Melia, 376
• Meliaceæ, 376
• Melica nutans, 538
• Melicope, 263
• Meliphagidæ (Honey-eaters), as seed-dispersers, 321, 331, 377, 388
• Melochia, 376
• Memecylon, 376
• Mentha aquatica, 28, 537, 545
• Menyanthes trifoliata, 537
• Meryta, 381
• Mesembryanthemum, 131, 478
• Mesozoic continent in the Western Pacific, 303-6, 503, 509, 514, 519
• Metrosideros, 259, 333, 341, 357, 361, 510, 533, 549, 553, 554, 604
• Meyer, Dr., 388
• Mez, C., on the genus Embelia, 363
• Mezoneuron, 146, 363, 533
• Micromelum, 393, 532
• Miers, Mr. J., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
• Millett, Mr., on the seed-buoyancy of Convolvulus soldanella, 91, 543, 566
• Milner, Sir W., on seeds in petrels, 581
• Mimosa pudica, 488
• Mimusops kauki, 374
• Miquel, on Scirpodendron, 406;
  • on Carapa, 564
• Moa, its crop-stones, 159
• Mœnchia erecta, 536
• Mollendo (Peru), 482, 598, 599
• Momordica charantia, 532
• Montia fontana, 536
• Moreno Bay (Chile), its beach-drift, 480
• Morinda;
  • relation between the shore and inland species, 18, 134, 135;
  • inland species, 42, 45, 135, 532, 534
• Morinda citrifolia;
  • distribution, 18, 52, 552, 563;
  • station, 551;
  • inland extension, 49, 121, 547, 548, 553, 569;
  • buoyancy of pyrenes, 18, 107, 112, 121, 123, 124, 529, 531, 534, 569;
  • their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435
• Moseley, Prof., 242, 276, 286, 403, 434, 579
• Mountain bananas, 412, 414, 427
• Mountain climates of the Pacific islands, 210-1, 214-5, 218, 582
• Mountain ferns of the Pacific islands, 225-9, 593
• Mountain floras of the Pacific islands, 268-306, 518-9
• Mountain-shadows, 586
• Mucosity of seeds, 102, 277, 417, 567
• Mucuna (genus);
  • abortive germination of seeds in sea-water, 76, 79-82, 202;
  • long flotation experiments, 80, 81, 531;
  • cause of seed-buoyancy, 106, 109, 111;
  • dispersal by currents, 80, 81, 430;
  • seeds in river-drift, 435, 488;
  • in beach-drift, 430, 437-8, 489, 499
• Mucuna gigantea, 44, 81, 94, 109, 115, 529, 531, 552, 554, 562, 563
• Mucuna urens, 80, 106, 111, 123, 430 499, 531, 533, 534, 562, 563
• Mueller, Dr. K., 224
• Mueller, Baron von, 394
• Musa, 412, 414
• Musa ensete, 414, 436
• Mussænda frondosa, 425, 532, 548
• Mutations, 383
• Myoporum, 271, 272, 274-5, 343, 533, 553-4
• Myosotis, 37, 537
• Myriophyllum, 37, 536
• Myristica, 391, 402, 532
• Myrmecodia, 402, 472, 532
• Nadeaud, Dr. J., on Tahitian plants, 216, 312, 426, 578
• Naias, 362, 364, 367, 409, 520, 537, 556;
  • see Additions and Corrections
• Nama, 362
• Narthecium, 537
• Nasturtium, 37, 536
• Nathorst, Prof., 511
• Natural Selection, 105, 117, 119-29
• Nature-Study, 101
• Nelitris, 381, 382, 532, 548
• Nepeta cataria, 28, 537, 567, 568
• Nepeta glechoma, 28, 537, 567, 568
• Nephelium, 161, 532
• Neraudia, 263
• Nertera depressa, 270, 272, 285, 286, 288, 290, 292-4, 296-7, 305
• Nesopanax, 265
• Nestor meridionalis, its vegetable food, 321, 343
• New Caledonia, 298, 301-2, 341, 395-6, 420
• New Zealand birds and seed-dispersal, 296, 321, 337
• New Zealand flora;
  • from the standpoint of dispersal, 507-8;
  • its bearing on the continental theory, 508-9, 512, 514
• New Zealand plants in the Pacific islands, 271-2, 287, 290, 295, 297, 305, 315, 336-8, 341, 357, 366, 503-4, 507-9
• Nicobar-pigeon, as a seed-disperser, 8, 159
• Nipa fruticans, 66, 68, 108, 472, 550
• Nolana, 131, 431, 477, 479, 480, 596
• Norman, J. M., on Scandinavian beach-drift, 430, 432, 539, 543
• Norwegian beach-drift: see Scandinavia
• Nothocestrum, 262-3
• Nototrichium, 262-3
• Nova Zembla;
  • plant-dispersal, 511
• Nuphar luteum, 37, 89, 513, 535
• Nymphæa alba, 37, 89, 513, 535
• Oahu, 207-8
• Oak: see Quercus
• Ochrosia;
  • relation of coast and inland species, 134, 151;
  • dispersal, 152-4;
  • Schumann’s enumeration of the species, 580
• Ochrosia parviflora, 49, 108, 152-4, 530, 563, 580
• Ochrosia sandwicensis, 153, 580
• Ocimum basilicum, 568
• Œnanthe crocata, 28, 536
• Œnanthe phellandrium, 536
• Oldenlandia, 605
• Olea, 364, 508, 533
• Oliver, Prof., 171, 178, 251
• Oncocarpus, 265-6;
  • see Additions and Corrections
• Ononis arvensis, 536
• Ophiorrhiza, 382, 383, 532
• Orchids;
  • suggested dispersal of their seeds by insects, 509
• Oregon drift on the Hawaiian coasts, 58, 72, 430, 557
• Oreobolus, 271, 272, 275
• Oreodoxa, 489
• Osmanthus, 364
• Osteomeles, 353, 354, 554
• Owen Stanley range;
  • climate of the summit, 215
• Oxalis acetosella, 536
• Oxalis corniculata, 349, 416, 427, 536, 604
• Oxyria digyna, 512
• Pachyrrhizus, 412, 413, 548
• Paita (Payta), 482, 599
• Palms;
  • specific differentiation in Borneo, 504
• Panama isthmus;
  • its shore plants and seed-drift, 180, 498
• Panax, 263
• Pandanus, 155, 508, 517;
  • relation between coast and inland species, 134, 155-60, 166, 169, 517;
  • mode of dispersal, 157-60, 169;
  • insular distribution, 156-7, 160, 169, 580
• Pandanus odoratissimus;
  • distribution, 52, 53, 156, 552, 563;
  • station, 551;
  • inland extension, 41, 42, 361, 548-9, 553-6, 560;
  • dispersal by currents, 53, 158;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 109, 530, 552;
  • their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 437, 557-9;
  • aboriginal food-plant, 413, 427
• Pangerango, Mount;
  • rate of decrease of temperature with elevation, 210
• Panicum, 272, 284
• Papaver, seed-buoyancy, 535
• Papaya, 472
• Paphia, 265
• Parinarium, 108, 435, 529, 563
• Parrots, as seed-dispersers, 321, 388, 420, 602
• Partridges, as seed-dispersers, 284, 356, 367, 416
• Pastinaca sativa, 28, 536
• Peach-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
• Pea-nuts in beach-drift, 479
• Peale, Mr., 355
• Pebble-swallowing by birds, 8, 159
• Pedicularis palustris, 537
• Pelagodendron, 265
• Pelea, 263
• Pemphis acidula;
  • station, 42, 43, 551;
  • distribution, 54, 68, 563;
  • seed-buoyancy, 108, 114, 529
• Penzig, Prof., on the beach-drift and flora of Krakatoa, 180, 189, 206, 571
• Peperomia, 334, 348, 357, 417, 509
• Peplis portula, 536
• Perkins, Mr., on birds and seeds in Hawaii, 151, 259, 275, 321, 329, 343, 348, 364, 595;
  • on the biological connection between the birds and the arborescent Lobeliaceæ, 255, 504, 603;
  • on the Hawaiian fauna, 505
• Perrottetia, 362
• Peru;
  • littoral flora, 474-6, 481-2;
  • on the coast climate and the Humboldt current, 490-4, 500, 598-600;
  • corals, 496, 601
• Pes-capræ formation, 550
• Petrels and seed-dispersal, 242, 511, 581
• Peucedanum, in Hawaii, 362, 363
• Peucedanum palustre, 536
• Phaethon (Tropic-bird) and plant-dispersal, 241
• Phaseolus truxillensis, 605
• Philippi, on the shells of Chile, 496
• Phyllanthus, 309, 325, 331, 532
• Phyllostegia, 262, 263, 371, 533, 594
• Physalis angulata, 605
• Phytelephas, 489
• Phytolacca, 362, 364
• Pigeons, 356, 416, 506;
  • see Fruit-pigeons
• Pilea, 362
• Pilger, R., on Podocarpus and Dacrydium, 301-2
• Pimia, 265, 266
• Pinguicula lusitanica, 537
• Pinus sylvestris, 537
• Piper, 532, 568
• Pipturus, 356
• Pisonia, 61, 333, 346, 357, 568
• Pistia, 435, 486-9
• Pitcairn Island, 64, 345, 355, 418, 562
• Pittosporum, 308, 309, 313, 509, 532
• Platydesma, 263
• Plantago;
  • on tropical mountains, 269, 270;
  • Hawaiian species, 271-2;
  • mode of dispersal, 276;
  • seed-mucosity, 276, 568;
  • seed-buoyancy, 537, 540
• Plantago coronopus, 33
• Plantago lanceolata, 276, 537, 568
• Plantago major, 276, 537, 568
• Plantago maritima, 34, 478, 537, 541, 568
• Plantago media, 537
• Plectronia, 355, 533
• Plectrophanes nivalis (Snow-bunting), as seed-disperser, 510, 511, 605
• Pleiosmilax, 371-3, 532
• Plerandra, 265
• Plum-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
• Poa;
  • Hawaiian species, 272, 275
• Poa aquatica, 538
• Poa fluitans, 538
• Podocarpus, 294, 297-8, 301, 306, 508, 603
• Polycarpon tetraphyllum, 33
• Polygala vulgaris, 536
• Polygonum;
  • dispersal by birds, 356;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 537, 543
• Polygonum amphibium, 537
• Polygonum aviculare, 356, 537
• Polygonum convolvulus, 356, 537
• Polygonum glabrum, 354, 356, 435, 487-8
• Polygonum hydropiper, 37, 537
• Polygonum lapathifolium, 537
• Polygonum maritimum, 35, 477, 537, 543
• Polygonum persicaria, 356, 537
• Polygonum viviparum, 512
• Polymorphous species, discussed, 33-4, 353, 357-8, 373, 381, 391, 519, 520, 522;
  • independent of insular conditions, 363, 368, 520;
  • noted under Elæocarpus, 335;
  • Dodonæa, 339;
  • Metrosideros, 341;
  • Alyxia, 345;
  • Alphitonia, 346;
  • Pisonia, 346;
  • Wikstrœmia, 348;
  • Sicyos, 363, 365;
  • Naias, 368;
  • Eurya, 372;
  • Maba, 372;
  • Grewia, 382;
  • Nelitris, 382;
  • Melastoma, 382;
  • Loranthus, 383;
  • Geniostoma, 384;
  • Macaranga, 384;
  • Tabernæmontana, 385;
  • Bischoffia, 386;
  • Micromelum, 393;
  • Limnanthemum, 396;
  • Weinmannia, 291;
  • Vaccinium, 280-1
• Polynesians;
  • their differentiation, 325, 411, 427
• Polynesian food-plants, 412-4, 427
• Polynesian weeds, 415, 427, 604
• Polynesian plant-names, 66, 324, 328, 341, 345, 387, 398, 414, 419, 421, 424, 425, 441, 578
• Polypodium, 593
• Pongamia glabra, 54, 106, 202, 529, 551, 563, 581
• Pontederia, 435, 486-9
• Porphyrio (Purple Water-hen), as concerned in plant-dispersal, 296, 305, 321, 331
• Portulaca, 532, 552, 553-5
• Potamogeton, 5, 30, 38, 369, 513, 537
• Potentilla;
  • buoyancy and station, 27
• Potentilla comarum, 27, 536
• Potentilla tormentilla, 27, 536
• Premna;
  • the genus in the Pacific, 560;
  • buoyancy and station, 19, 134, 139;
  • cause of buoyancy of the fruits of the coast species, 107, 112, 123, 124, 530, 532, 561, 569;
  • inland extension of the coast species, 42, 547, 548, 561, 569;
  • distribution of the species, 561, 563;
  • occurrence of the fruits in river-drift, 112, 435, 561;
  • modes of dispersal, 561
• Prioria copaifera, in Panama beach and river-drift, 499
• Pritchardia, 124, 308, 309, 326, 532, 533-4, 554-5
• Prosopis dulcis, 557
• Prunella vulgaris, 28, 417, 537, 568
• Pseudomorus, 371
• Psittacirostra, 321, 505
• Psychotria, 308-9, 314, 331, 391, 532, 603
• Pteris aquilina, 225, 548
• Pteropidæ: see Bats
• Pterotropia, 262-3, 595
• Ptilotus, 263
• Ptychosperma, 389, 532
• Puerto Bolivar (Ecuador);
  • sojourn of the author, 476, 484-8, 494
• Pumice in beach-drift, 429, 558, 601
• Puna Island (Ecuador), 489, 494
• Puna coast (Hawaii), 553
• Quercus, 61, 90, 126, 429, 431, 537, 538, 571
• Radiola millegrana, 417, 418
• Raiatea, 250, 252, 257
• Raillardella, 237
• Raillardia, 236-8, 240, 243-4
• Ranunculaceæ, 535, 544
• Ranunculus;
  • on tropical mountains, 269, 272;
  • Hawaiian species, 272-3;
  • dispersal by birds, 277, 511;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 535
• Ranunculus aquatilis, 37, 535
• Ranunculus repens, 37, 86, 535, 545
• Ranunculus sceleratus, 37, 535, 544, 545
• Ranunculus;
  • other British species, 535
• Raphanus, 33, 478, 536, 540, 596
• Rarotonga;
  • its flora, 48, 177, 291, 295, 309, 317, 320, 323, 336, 374, 419, 425, 551, 578;
  • altitude, 208;
  • rainfall, 216;
  • absence of mangroves, 50;
  • ferns, 221-2;
  • endemic species of flowering plants, 232;
  • the age of arborescent Compositæ and Lobeliaceæ represented by Fitchia, 237-8;
  • and by Sclerotheca, 250, 252, 256-7;
  • scanty representation of Tahitian mountain plants, 293;
  • a connection with the Kermadec islands, 295
• Rauwolfia, 362
• Reinecke, Dr., on the Samoan flora, 19, 232, 266, 291, 317, 387, 577, 579;
  • on Elatostema, 405
• Remya, 236-7, 243-4
• Rendle, Mr., on Naias, 368
• Reseda luteola, 536
• “Revue Scientifique,” 506
• Rewa River (Fiji);
  • seed-drift, 76, 78, 435;
  • temperature, 78, 564
• Reynoldsia, 309, 310, 371
• Rhaphidophora, 404, 532
• Rhinanthus crista galli, 537, 545
• Rhizophora;
  • general discussion, 440, 520-1;
  • dispersal by currents, 48, 77, 94, 458;
  • the “Selala” or seedless form in Fiji, 443;
  • its representative in Ecuador, 449, 487, 521;
  • the genus in Ecuador, 483-7;
  • in Panama, 498-9;
  • absence from Hawaii, 54-5, and Tahiti, 47;
  • germination and growth of seedling, 451, 468, 575;
  • river-drift, 435, 460, 499;
  • beach-drift, 437-8, 460, 499;
  • polyembryony, 449;
  • distribution, 54-5, 69, 520
• Rhizophora mangle;
  • in Fiji, 43, 441, 520;
  • in Ecuador, 484-7;
  • in Panama, 498-9;
  • discussed in detail in Chapter XXX
• Rhizophora mucronata, 43, 68;
  • discussed in detail in Chapter XXX
• Rhus, 353, 354
• Rhynchospora, 272, 283-5
• Richella, 265
• Ricinus communis, 142, 533, 558
• Ridley, Mr. H. N., on the plants of Fernando Noronha and of the Malay peninsula, 8, 144, 162, 319, 340, 386, 603
• River seed-drift;
  • Thames, 37, 85, 91, 430;
  • Rewa (Fiji), 76, 91, 435-6;
  • Guayaquil or Guayas River (Ecuador), 77, 91, 435, 488-9;
  • Panama isthmus, 499;
  • germination in river-drift, 76-8, 84, 85-6, 435, 488-9
• River temperature, 78, 564
• Robinson, Mr. E. Kay, on the dispersal of Aster tripolium, 605
• Rodriguez Island, 157, 351;
  • see Mascarene Islands
• Rœmeria hybrida, 535
• Rollandia, 252, 255, 258
• Rosa arvensis, 536
• Roxburgh, W., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
• Rubiaceæ;
  • appearance of the order in the Pacific islands, 261, 262
• Rubus, in Hawaii, 269, 272-4, 285, 533, 604
• Rumex;
  • in Hawaii, 366;
  • modes of dispersal, 367;
  • fruits in Thames drift, 37, 86, 430;
  • buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537, 545
• Ruppia maritima, 371, 372, 374, 398, 482, 537, 555
• Russell, Prof., 493
• Ruwenzori, Mount, 241, 251
• Sachs, Prof., 100
• Sadleria, 593
• Sage-brush, 279
• Sagina procumbens, 536
• Sagittaria sagittifolia, 38, 537
• Sagus vitiensis, 413
• St. Helena, 8, 258
• Salicornia;
  • mode of dispersal, 482, 489, 541, 545
• Salicornia herbacea, 34, 35, 537, 541, 545
• Salicornia peruviana in Ecuador, 77, 484-6, 489
• Salicornia;
  • other species in Chile and Peru, 478, 482
• Saline deposits of North Chile, suggested origin, 485
• Salsola kali, 10, 34-6, 429, 431, 477, 479, 537, 541
• Salvia verbenaca, 28, 537, 567-8
• Sambucus nigra, 536
• Salvinia, 488
• Samoa;
  • altitude, 208-9;
  • few peculiar genera, 266;
  • proportion of peculiar species of flowering plants, 232;
  • littoral flora, 46;
  • mountain flora, 290, 297, 305;
  • peculiar species of
    • Pandanus, 156, 580,
    • Elatostema, 405,
    • Eugenia, 349.
  • Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species are
    • Gardenia, 311,
    • Psychotria, 315,
    • Cyrtandra, 317,
    • Macaranga, 384,
    • Ficus, 387
• Samolus valerandi, 34, 537, 541
• Samolus, in Chile, 478
• Sanicula, in Hawaii, 4, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274-5
• San Lorenzo Island (Peru) in the coast-clouds, 492;
  • decaying shells, 497
• Santa Elena Point (Ecuador), its vegetation and climate, 490, 494, 597
• Santa Rosa River (Ecuador), the vegetation of its banks, 486
• Santalum, 272, 283-4, 285
• Sapindus, 309, 325, 332
• Sapota, 373, 532
• Sapotaceæ, 372-4
• Sararanga, 156
• Saxifraga, British species, 536
• Saxifragaceæ, in Hawaii, 263
• Scævola;
  • relation between littoral and inland species, 18, 134, 135;
  • Hawaiian inland species, 18, 135, 533;
  • Fijian inland species, 18, 532, 576;
  • distribution, 67, 71, 564;
  • modes of dispersal, 135, 564;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 18, 135, 531-3
• Scævola chamissoniana, Hawaii, 18, 533
• Scævola gaudichaudii, Hawaii, 18, 533
• Scævola floribunda, Fiji, 18, 532, 576
• Scævola koenigii;
  • distribution, 56, 135, 552, 563;
  • station at coast, 18, 43, 551, 553-6, 560;
  • extension inland, 42, 59, 121, 547, 553, 560, 569, 579;
  • modes of dispersal, 57, 71, 552;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 121, 122, 529, 531, 569;
  • their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559;
  • in river-drift, 79;
  • variety, 579;
  • synonymy, 71, 564
• Scævola lobelia, 71
• Scævola sericea, 579
• Scandinavia;
  • Sernander’s “Dispersal-biology,” 24;
  • Atlantic or Gulf-stream drift, 180,189, 430, 570, 601
• Schenck, Dr., 512
• Scheuchzeria palustris, 537
• Schiedea, 262-3
• Schimper, Prof.;
  • relation between littoral and inland species of a genus and between the littoral and inland floras, 17, 19, 130-4, 534;
  • grouping of Malayan littoral plants, 43, 550;
  • distribution and dispersal of tropical littoral plants, 62, 69;
  • the littoral Leguminosæ, 201, 581;
  • structure of the buoyant seeds and fruits of tropical plants and the question of adaptation, 104, 112-5, 119-29, 569;
  • on Rhizophora, 441, 446, 453-4, 459;
  • the essential climatic conditions for mangrove-growth, 470;
  • the xerophytes and hygrophytes, 32, 40;
  • epiphytic habit of Vaccinium, 281;
  • miscellanea, 423, 561, 571, 577, 602;
  • letters to the author, 43, 121, 440-1, 454;
  • his indebtedness to Prof. Schimper’s work, 63
• Schizæa, 593
• Schizostege, 593
• Schmidt, J., on Lathyrus maritimus, 543
• Schönland, S., on the Hawaiian Lobeliaceæ, 255
• Schumann, K., on Ochrosia, 153, 580;
  • on Musa, 414, 436
• “Science Gossip,” 23, 277, 369, 398, 513, 567
• Scilla nutans, 537
• Scirpodendron costatum, 47, 108, 405, 435, 530, 551, 552, 563
• Scirpus;
  • buoyancy of the fruits of seven British species, 537;
  • dispersal by ducks implied in connection with the Cyperaceæ, 513
• Scirpus maritimus, 34, 92, 109, 116, 537, 541
• Scirpus palustris, 90, 537
• Scleria;
  • dispersal by purple water-hens, 296
• Sclerotheca, 252, 256-8
• Scott, J., on Indian parrots, 420
• Scott-Elliot, Mr., 568
• Scrophularia aquatica, 89, 537
• Scrophularia nodosa, 537
• Scutellaria galericulata, 28, 37, 537, 545
• Scyphiphora, 109
• Sea, Fijian tree, 436, 602
• Sea-aster: see Aster tripolium
• Sea-birds, as seed-dispersers, 188, 241, 242, 347, 506, 510-1, 514, 605
• Sea-eagle, as a seed-disperser, 286
• Sea-thrifts: see Armeria
• Seed-mucosity: see Mucosity
• Seed-stage, regarded as an adaptation, 11, 85-7, 468, 473, 521
• Seed-structure;
  • anomalies connected with a lost viviparous habit, 79, 132, 470, 473, 521, 575
• Seemann, Dr., on the Fijian flora, 172, 177, 231, 264, 421, 442, 549, 576, 577, 579, 592;
  • on the northern limit of mangroves, 54;
  • on Polynesian weeds, 415, 604;
  • on Laguncularia in the Panama isthmus, 498;
  • on willow-leaved plants, 603
• Selala, the seedless Rhizophora of Fiji, 441-9, 465-6, 487, 520-1;
  • see Rhizophora
• Selliera radicans, 477
• Senecio, in Hawaii, 362
• Senecio aquaticus, 28, 536, 568
• Senecio candidans, 477
• Senecio palustris, 536
• Senecio vulgaris, 536, 568
• Serianthes, 108, 389, 424, 529, 563
• Sernander, Dr., on the dispersal-biology of Scandinavia, 24;
  • on the Gulf-stream drift, 180, 189, 430, 570, 601;
  • miscellanea, 280, 511, 538, 542-3, 571
• Sesbania, 528, 555
• Sesuvium zone of west coast of South America, 476, 481
• Sesuvium portulacastrum;
  • in Fiji, 529;
  • in Tahiti, 370, 528;
  • in Tonga, 528;
  • in Hawaii, 375, 552, 554-5;
  • in Ecuador, 485;
  • in Peru, 482;
  • seed-buoyancy, 16, 529
• Shaddock (Citrus decumana), 125-6, 532-3
• Shadow of mountains, 586
• Sibthorpia europæa, 417, 418
• Sicilian beach-drift, 430
• Sicyos, 362, 363, 365
• Sideroxylon, 371-4, 507-8
• Sida, 417, 427, 533, 555, 604
• Siegesbeckia orientalis, 605
• Silene, in Hawaii, 272, 279-80
• Silene cucubalus, 536
• Silene maritima, 33, 36, 280, 511, 536, 540, 544
• Simpson, Mr. M.;
  • precocious germination of the coco-nut, 472
• Siphocampylus, 251
• Sisyrinchium, 272, 273, 279, 533
• Sium;
  • buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 536
• Smith, Mr. Jared G., 211, 213
• Smyrnium olusatrum, 536
• Smythea pacifica;
  • distribution, 47, 264-5, 551, 562;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529;
  • their occurrence in river-drift, 435
• Snow-buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis), as seed-dispersers, 510-1, 605
• Solanum aculeatissimum, 533
• Solanum dulcamara, 537
• Solanum nigrum (and var. oleraceum), 417, 537, 605
• Solereder, H., 265
• Solitaire, 8, 159
• Solomon Islands, 351, 394, 400
• Sonchus asper, 241, 605
• Sonchus oleraceus, 536, 593
• Sonneratia, 69, 108
• Sophora;
  • general discussion, 147;
  • relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, 147, 165, 200;
  • its indication in New Zealand, 508
• Sophora chrysophylla, 20, 147-51, 271-2, 278, 533, 580
• Sophora tetraptera, 64, 148-9, 271, 431, 478-9, 580
• Sophora tomentosa;
  • distribution, 19, 54, 68, 147-8, 563;
  • station and habit, 201-2, 551, 581;
  • seed-buoyancy, 107, 113, 529, 531, 579;
  • seeds in beach-drift, 437-8
• Soulamea, 265
• South America;
  • observations on the littoral flora of the west coast, 474-501;
  • see Chile, Peru, Ecuador
• Sparganium, 5, 31, 430, 513, 537, 540, 545
• Species, their development in the Pacific islands;
  • the views of Hillebrand, 226-7;
  • the effect of the greater elevation of the Hawaiian islands on the endemism (production of new species) of the ferns, 227-8;
  • tables showing the development of new species and new genera of the flowering plants of the Pacific islands, 232-4, 252, 255, 263, 265;
  • the polymorphism of genera, as indicated by their fecundity in species, illustrated by Cyrtandra, 317;
    • by Elatostema, 317, 405;
    • and by Psychotria, 315, 391;
  • the polymorphism of species, as indicated by their great variability, 520, 522;
    • see Polymorphous species;
  • the question whether the relative fecundity of two genera like Psychotria and Coprosma is to be connected with difference in antiquity or with difference in their geographical position, 315, 331;
  • the connection between endemism and the suspension of means of dispersal by birds, 5, 7, 229;
  • endemism thus produced nearly as pronounced with certain genera like Cyrtandra, Embelia, and Naias, in continental regions as in oceanic islands, 229, 317-3, 331, 363-4, 368, 409, 520;
  • the process concerned in endemism favoured by the deterioration of plants in their capacity for dispersal, 262-3, 337, 350, 365, 507, 594-5;
  • biological connection between plants and birds, 504-5;
  • differentiation of climate, bird, and plant, the bird being dependent on the climate, and the plant on the bird, 378, 410, 506-7, 514, 521-2
• Spergula arvensis, 536
• Spergularia rubra and S. marina, 33, 36, 536, 540, 544-5
• Sphacele, 362
• Spiræa ulmaria, 37, 92, 536
• Spitzbergen;
  • flora and plant dispersal, 511-2, 514
• Spondias dulcis, 532
• Spondias lutea, 124, 438, 489, 499
• Spondias, unidentified Fijian species, 602
• Spring-centres for the diffusion of aquatic plants, 396, 399
• Stachys, 27, 28, 537
• Stapf, Dr., on the flora of Kinabalu, 101, 296, 301
• Statice, 34
• Station and seed-buoyancy, 16, 24, 30, 515
• Stellaria, 37, 89, 536
• Stenogyne, 262-3, 594-5
• Sterculia, 11, 375-6, 391, 532-3
• Sterculiaceæ, 10, 375
• Straussia, 262-3, 364
• Stromboli, its shadow, 586
• Strongylodon, 80, 82, 107, 113, 123, 200, 436, 529, 531, 558, 562-3, 565
• Struthious birds, suggested as seed-dispersers, 152, 159-60
• Stubbs, Dr.;
  • Agricultural Report on Hawaii, 212, 578
• Stylocoryne, 532
• Suæda;
  • concerning dispersal by birds, 511
• Suæda fruticosa, 34, 480, 482, 537, 541
• Suæda maritima, 34, 537, 541
• Suess, Prof., on the shell-fauna of Chile, 496;
  • on the salts of ancient seas, 566
• Sula: see Boobies
• Suriana maritima, 105, 528, 529, 563
• Swamp-hens: see Porphyrio
• Symphytum officinale, 537
• Tabernæmontana, 381, 385, 532
• Tacca;
  • relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, 138
• Tacca maculata, 19, 138, 532, 548
• Tacca pinnatifida, 19, 138;
  • distribution, 138, 552, 563;
  • modes of dispersal, 138;
  • seed-buoyancy, 19, 108, 530, 531, 569;
  • station, 138;
  • growing inland, 42, 138, 547, 548, 569;
  • as a food-plant, 138, 412, 414, 427
• Tahiti;
  • area and altitude, 207-8;
  • temperature, 209;
  • rainfall, 216, 218
• Tahitian flora;
  • • littoral plants, 14, 47, 528, 529, 551, 552;
    • ferns and lycopods, 220-230, 592;
    • endemic genera and endemic species of flowering plants, 231-5;
    • the age of Compositæ, 236-40, 245, 248;
      • and of Lobeliaceæ, 250-2, 256-8, 266;
    • the mountain plants, 269, 290-3, 305, 518-9
    • The age of Malayan plants;
      • the general dispersal of these plants in the Pacific, 307-58;
      • the local dispersal,
        • (a) genera common to Tahiti and Hawaii, but not found in Fiji, 359, 370;
        • (b) genera found in Tahiti and Fiji, but not in Hawaii, 359, 380-8;
        • (c) residual genera (found only in Tahiti), 359, 378.
    • The absentees from Tahiti, 360, 388
  • American genera in Tahiti, 379, 380
• Talasinga plains: see Fiji
• Tamus communis, 537
• Tarawau tree of Fiji: see Dracontomelon
• Taraxacum, 536
• Taro, 412, 415
• Taubert, P., on Strongylodon, 566
• Taviuni, 207-8
• Taxus baccata, 537
• Teesdalia, 567
• Temperature: see under Beach-temperature, Estuaries, Humboldt current
• Tephrosia piscatoria;
  • in Fiji, 42, 45, 547;
  • in Hawaii, 56, 58, 59, 552, 553-6;
  • buoyancy of seed and pod, 529, 562;
  • modes of dispersal, 45, 150, 417, 562
• Terminalia;
  • relation between coast and inland species, 17, 120, 533;
  • buoyancy, 108, 114
• Terminalia katappa;
  • distribution, 52, 54, 551, 552, 563;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 529;
  • their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559
• Terminalia litorea or littoralis, 108, 529, 563
• Tertiary submergence of the Western Pacific archipelagoes, 245, 247, 249, 260, 267, 304-5, 306, 503, 518, 520
• Tetramolopium, 236-7, 243-4
• Tetraonidæ (Grouse-family), as seed-dispersers, 279, 282, 511, 514
• Teucrium inflatum, 416, 605
• Teucrium scorodonia, 28, 537
• Thacombauia, 265
• Thalictrum flavum, 535
• Thames;
  • the vegetation of the banks, 37;
  • the seed-drift, 37-8, 85-6, 430, 539;
  • see Additions and Corrections
• Thauziès, M. A., 506
• Thespesia populnea, 562;
  • in Hawaii, 52, 552, 554-6, 558-9;
  • in Fiji, 547, 550;
  • seed-buoyancy, 105, 529, 530-1;
  • beach-drift, 558-9
• Thlaspi arvense, 536
• Thomson, Mr. G. M., on the New Zealand flora, 508
• Thomson, Dr. T., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
• Thuret, M., on the buoyancy of seeds and fruits, 24, 63, 538, 542, 544, 546
• Thymus, 28, 537, 568
• Tibet;
  • its flora, 34, 238
• Tillandsia, 484, 486
• Tonga;
  • included in the Fijian area, 207;
  • the littoral plants, 46;
  • the proportion of endemic species, 232;
  • absence of peculiar genera whether of the Compositæ or Lobeliaceæ or of any other order, 235, 266;
  • several peculiar species of Eugenia, 349;
  • a home for the Sapotaceæ, 374;
  • Pritchardia pacifica thrives, 327;
  • vegetation of the leeward plains, 550.
  • Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species, or in other respects remarkable, are Podocarpus, 301;
    • Pittosporum, 309;
    • Freycinetia, 320;
    • Elæocarpus, 335;
    • &c.
• Touchardia, 263, 594
• Tournefortia argentea;
  • distribution, 43, 64, 563;
  • station, 42, 43, 551;
  • buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 530, 531;
  • their occurrence in beach-drift, 437
• Tragopogon, fruit-buoyancy of British species, 536
• Tree-Lobelias, 250-60, 266-7;
  • see Lobeliaceæ
• Treub, Dr., on the new flora of Krakatoa, 206, 221, 577
• Trevesia, 309, 310, 371
• Tribulus cistoides, 56, 58, 365, 366, 552, 553-6
• Trichospermum, 265, 392, 532
• Trifolium, 150, 536
• Triglochin, 34, 36, 537, 541, 545
• Trimenia, 265
• Triplasandra, 262-3
• Trisetum, 272, 275
• Tristan da Cunha, 242, 276, 286, 364, 366
• Triumfetta procumbens, 42, 43, 45, 529, 550
• Triumfetta rhomboidea, 529
• Tropic-bird (Phaethon), 241
• Tropical beach-drift, 434-9;
  • see Beach-drift
• Tschudi, Dr., 493
• Tupa, 251, 258
• Tussilago farfara, 536, 546
• Tussilago petasites, 536
• Typha;
  • seed-buoyancy, 537
• Ulex europæus, 536
• Ulmus campestris, 537
• Umbelliferæ;
  • station and fruit-buoyancy, 28, 537
• Uncinia, 271-5
• Urena lobata, 417, 427, 532, 604
• Urera, 362
• Urtica dioica, 537
• Urticaceæ;
  • represented in the early flora of Hawaii, 261, 263
• Vaccinium, 4, 5, 269, 270, 272, 274-5, 280-2, 290-4, 297, 305, 343
• Valerianella, 536
• Vallesia, 154
• Valparaiso;
  • beach-plants and beach-drift, 477-9
• Vandellia crustacea, 605
• Van Tieghem, on Brackenridgea, 570
• Vanua Levu;
  • area, altitude, and rainfall, 207-8, 216
• Varigny, Dr. H. de, 506
• Vascular cryptogams in the Pacific islands, 222, 592;
  • see also under Ferns and Lycopods
• Veitchia, 401, 532
• Verbena officinalis, 537
• Veronica;
  • buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537
• Veronica beccabunga, 37, 537, 568
• Vicia;
  • in the Hawaiian mountain-flora, 272, 278
• Vicia faba;
  • dispersed by pigeons, 150, 417
• Vicia sativa;
  • seed-buoyancy, 536
• Victoria Institute, 66
• Vigna;
  • relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 139
• Vigna lutea;
  • in Hawaii, 56-7, 139, 552, 554, 558-9, 560;
  • in Fiji, 550;
  • distribution, 68, 563;
  • seeds dispersed by currents, 57;
  • seed-buoyancy, 56, 106, 529;
  • seeds in beach-drift, 437-8, 558-9;
  • seeds in river-drift, 435, 489 (species in last case unidentified)
• Viola;
  • in Hawaiian mountain-flora, 253, 272;
  • modes of dispersal, 277;
  • seed-buoyancy, 533, 536;
  • seed-mucosity, 278, 567-8
• Viscum, 355, 358, 377, 536
• Vitex;
  • relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 137
• Vitex trifolia;
  • • station and distribution, 50, 551-2, 563-4;
    • growing inland, 42, 547-8, 560;
    • dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 564;
    • buoyancy of fruits, 108, 122, 530;
    • their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 559;
    • dispersal by birds, 57, 122, 564;
    • see Additions and Corrections
  • Variety, unifoliolata, 108, 547-8, 552, 556, 559, 560
• Vitex agnus castus, 109, 431
• Viti Levu, 207-8
• Vivipary (germination on the plant), 78, 84-7, 132, 191, 468, 521, 564, 574-6;
  • a lost habit with many plants and only indicated by anomalies in seed-structure, 79, 132, 470, 473, 521, 575
• Vries, Prof. H. de, 573
• Walker, Mr. F. P., 490, 495, 597
• Wallace, Mr. A. R., 7, 242, 247, 259, 400
• Wallis Island, 349, 551
• Walsh, Canon, on the Cordyline of the Maoris, 420
• Waltheria americana, 375, 416, 427, 533, 553-4, 604
• Waltheria pyrolæfolia, 375
• Warburg, Dr., 54;
  • on Pandanus, 155-8, 580;
  • on Freycinetia, 319-22, 510;
  • on the Samoan species of Ficus, 387
• Warming, E., on Rhizophora, 450, 453
• Webster, Mr. H., on Ecuador, 495
• Wedelia, 108, 116, 529, 551, 563
• Weed, Prof., 277, 364
• Weeds of Polynesia, 415, 427, 604
• Weinmannia, 290-1, 292-4, 297, 305
• Whymper, Mr., on insects at great altitudes, 510, 583
• Wichmann, A., on the submergence of the Western Pacific islands, 304
• Wiglesworth, Mr., on Polynesian birds, 66, 296
• Wikstrœmia, 45, 333, 348, 357, 530
• Wilkes, Commodore;
  • meteorological observations on the summit of Mauna Loa, 210, 583, 585, 586
• Wilkesia, 236-7, 240, 243-4
• Willow-leaved river-side plants, 395, 603
• Wilson, Mr. S. B., on the vegetable food of Hawaiian birds, 151, 321
• Winds;
  • in plant-dispersal, 226, 259, 511;
  • on the summit of Mauna Loa, 583;
  • see Drying-winds
• Wolff, Dr., on Ecuador, 476, 486, 494-5
• Wolffia, found by the author in Fiji, 408
• Wollastonia, 109
• Woodford, Mr. C. M., 66
• Xerophytes, 32, 39, 201, 515
• Ximenia americana, 107, 113, 115, 122, 128, 529, 563
• Yams, 412-4
• Zannichellia palustris, 537
• Zippelius, on Scirpodendron, 406