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Obstetrics for Nurses

Chapter 3: ILLUSTRATIONS
By Charles B. Reed
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About This Book

This work serves as a comprehensive textbook on obstetrics tailored for nurses, emphasizing the importance of thorough knowledge in both normal and abnormal pregnancy, labor, and postpartum care. It covers essential topics such as anatomy, physiology, hygiene, and complications during childbirth, while also addressing the nurse's role in supporting patients through these critical processes. The text aims to equip nurses with the necessary skills and understanding to ensure safe childbirth experiences, highlighting the significance of cleanliness and preparedness in reducing risks. Illustrated with numerous diagrams, it distills years of obstetric knowledge into a concise format suitable for both classroom instruction and professional reference.

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.   PAGE
 
1. The normal female pelvis 18
 
2. The planes of the brim, the cavity, and the outlet 19
 
3. Visceral relations 20
 
4. Uterus and appendages 22
 
5. Normal position of pelvic organs 24
 
6. The external genitals 25
 
7A. Varieties of hymen 27
 
7B. Varieties of hymen 28
 
8A. The excreting ducts of the mammary gland 29
 
8B. Lobules and duct of the mammary gland 29
 
9. Nipple, areola, and the glands of Montgomery 30
 
10. Supernumerary milk glands in the axillæ 31
 
11. The three ages of the breast 31
 
12. Development of the ovary 34
 
13. Graafian follicles 35
 
14. Human spermatozoa 36
 
15. The chorionic villi about the third week of pregnancy 38
 
16. Diagram illustrating relations of structures of the human uterus at the end of the seventh week of pregnancy 39
 
17. Maternal surface of the placenta and membranes 40
 
18. Fœtal surface of human placenta 41
 
19. The egg at term with uterus removed 42
 
20. Normal attitude of fœtus 43
 
21. Fœtal skulls showing sutures 44
 
22A. and B. Child’s head at term, showing diameters 45
 
23. The fœtal circulation 49
 
24. Gravid uterus at the end of the eighth week 52
 
25. Striæ gravidarum 54
 
26. Bimanual examination 60
 
27. Abdominal enlargement at different months of pregnancy 63
 
28. Height of the uterus at various months of pregnancy 64
 
29. Twins 83
 
30. Diagram representing the sites for the various forms of tubal pregnancy 90
 
31. Abdominal binder with crosspiece to hold vulvar pads 100
 
32. T-binder, used in all cases after the fifth day post partum 100
 
33. Breast binder 101
 
34. Baby’s dress with winged sleeves 102
 
35. The bag of waters begins to act on the cervix 111
 
36. The effect of the pains. The cervix before labor begins 112
 
37. The effect of the pains. The cervix begins to be “effaced” 112
 
38. The effect of the pains. The cervix is effaced, and the dilatation of the os begins 113
 
39. The effect of the pains. The cervix is effaced and the os continues to dilate 113
 
40. The cervix is effaced and the os dilated 115
 
41. Child in second stage of labor 116
 
42. The head passing over the perineum 117
 
43. Normal expulsion of the placenta according to Schultze 118
 
44. The child in left-occipito-anterior position 122
 
45. The child in right-occipito-anterior position 123
 
46. The descent of the head in right-occipito-anterior position 124
 
47. Internal anterior rotation and extension of the head in a left-occipito-anterior position 124
 
48. Extension 125
 
49. Extension completed. Expulsion 125
 
50. A cephalhæmatoma 127
 
51. Points of greatest intensity of fœtal heart tones 130
 
52. Handling forceps, kept sterile in a jar of alcohol 132
 
53. Palpation. What is in the pelvis? 134
 
54. Palpation. What is in the fundus? 135
 
55. Palpation. Where is the back? Where are the small parts? 136
 
56. Patient draped for internal examination 137
 
57. Delivery in side position 141
 
58. Sheet twisted into a sling 147
 
59. Repair of perineum 148
 
60. The progress of involution 152
 
61. The breech. Left-sacro-anterior position 166
 
62. The breech. Left-sacro-posterior position 167
 
63. Extraction of the breech 170
 
64. Breech delivery. Extraction of the trunk 171
 
65. Breech delivery. Delivering the shoulder 172
 
66. The delivery of the after-coming head by the Smellie-Veit maneuver 172
 
67. Shoulder presentation 173
 
68. Face presentation 175
 
69. Descent of the chin in face presentation 176
 
70. Delivery in face presentation 177
 
71. Exaggerated lithotomy position 181
 
72. Dorsal position when assistants are available 182
 
73. Instruments for artificial delivery of the head 183
 
74. Forceps operation. Introduction of the left blade 186
 
75. Forceps operation. The introduction of the right blade 187
 
76. Forceps operation. Locking the handles 187
 
77. Forceps operation. The way the blades should grasp the fœtal head 188
 
78. Forceps operation. Traction on the handles 189
 
79. Forceps operation. The delivery of the head 189
 
80. Version. Seizing a foot 190
 
81. Version. The child rotates as pressure is made upon the head and traction upon the foot 191
 
82. Version is complete when the knee appears at the vulva 192
 
83. The Walcher position 194
 
84. The Wiegand compression of the child’s head to force it into the pelvis 195
 
85. The Naegele perforator 196
 
86. Apparatus for getting a sterile specimen of urine from an infant 201
 
87. Tampon of the uterus 203
 
88. Tampon of vagina 204
 
89. Pean forceps 208
 
90. Hand bulb syringe; and Vorhees bags; bag rolled and grasped by Pean forceps ready for introduction 209
 
91. Vorhees bag in place 210
 
92. Episiotomy 212
 
93. Various forms of pelvic deformity 215
 
94. The pelvimeter 216
 
95. The various diameters of the inlet 216
 
96. Measuring the distance between the anterior superior spines of the pelvis 217
 
97. Measuring the external conjugate 218
 
98. Measuring the diagonal conjugate with the finger 219
 
99. Various forms of placenta prævia 229
 
100. The knee-elbow posture 236
 
101. The knee-chest posture 236
 
102. The exaggerated lithotomy position obtained with a sheet sling 237
 
103. The improvised Trendelenburg position 237
 
104. The dorsal position with stirrups 238
 
105. Dorsal position across the bed 239
 
106. Flexed dorsal position with feet on the table 240
 
107. The Sims position 241
 
108. Examples of imperfect nipples 245
 
109. A standard nipple shield 246
 
110. A standard breast pump 251
 
111. Germs most frequently found in cases of puerperal fever 256
 
112. Rubber bath tub 266
 
113. The Pettit cord clamp 268
 
114. Standard breast pump; Standard nursing bottle; the breast tray; the Wansbrough lead nipple shield; the Brophy nipple for harelip and cleft palate 271
 
115. Proper position of mother while nursing child 274
 
116. Proper method of taking rectal temperature 276
 
117. Method of passing the tracheal catheter 279
 
118. Byrd’s method of artificial respiration. Extension and inspiration 280
 
119. Byrd’s method of artificial respiration. Beginning flexion and expiration 280
 
120. Byrd’s method of artificial respiration. Flexion and compression 281
 
121. Method of giving gavage 284
 
122. Apparatus for gavage or lavage 286
 
123. Cleft palate nipple 288
 
124. The device for feeding the child with cleft palate 288
 
125. Device for assisting the cleft palate child to nurse 289
 
126. Method of strapping an umbilical hernia 290
 
127. Proper position for introduction of a suppository 299
 
128. Hydrocephalus 307
 
129. Anencephalus 308
 
130. Elements of human milk 312