Well, those who think their God has revealed himself in the Canonical Books will go to their Bible; those who think he has chosen the channel of a Church will derive ghostly strength from their spiritual counsellors; but those who think the Nameless has nowhere so plainly shown himself as in his works, will seek in the face and lineaments of Nature that consoling smile which every lonely soul so miserably craves; and fortunate it is that not over his works, but only over his words, theologians so wrathfully wrangle.—Art thou cast down, and is thy soul disquieted within thee? Dost distrust thyself? Has love grown cold? And hast thou caught on thy leman's lips a sigh not meant for thee? Is there none to whom thou canst go, on whose bosom to rain out the heavy mist of tears?—Go thou to Pan; betake thee to the fields; betake thee to the woods; pour out thy contrite heart at the altar of the universe, and thou shalt be comforted. What matters it the petty perturbations of the mind? What signify the paltry upheavings of the heart? Lay thy tired head on Nature's breast. Friendship may fade, ideals vanish, passion wane, the darling desire upon which thou hast staked thine all may prove to have been snatched from thee before thy very eyes.—Take heart. Always there is at hand the Infinite and the Eternal: about thee, above thee, in presence of which the petty and the paltry flee away.
I know no more comfortable medicament than the quiet companionship of Nature. The trees breathe a salutary air. The fields invite to repose. A calming influence pervades unwalled, unceilinged earth, and there the crumpled soul has room in which to smooth itself out: the noxious bacilli which infest its folds are swept away; ill-natured thoughts take flight. How paltry seems a passing quarrel beneath the boughs of a hoary oak that has witnessed a hundred fights! How puny a callous rage beneath the capacious sky!
For, believe me, Great Pan is not dead. Nor, believe me, are any that go to him in any wise cast out. He cares not of what Church thou art a child, nor does he fence his tables. Worship at whatsoever shrine thou choosest, always he will welcome thee to his, for Pan is beloved of all the gods.
Ach! There comes a time when nothing seems worth while; when gaiety palls, and even sorrow dulls instead of stirs; when nothing seems of any use, and one feels inclined to give up, to give up.—To such I would say, pull on thick boots, clutch a stout stick, and go for a country walk—rain or shine.—It sounds a preposterous remedy, but try it. Nature never gives up. Not a pygmy weed, trodden under foot of man, and covered up and overwhelmed with rival growths, but battles for its life with vim. Nor does it ask for what it battles. Neither does it question why more favoured plants are so carefully nurtured, and it, poor thing, is dragged up by the roots.—Take a country walk, and look at the weeds if at nothing else.
And remember, this is a legitimate remedy, preposterous though it may sound. So many prescriptions for the heartache are illegitimate—stimulants, or narcotics, or stimulant-narcotics: sport, work, play, hazardous adventure, the gaming-table or the betting-ring, to say nothing of the cup that inebriates but does not cheer. A country walk is but "letting Nature have her way," is but giving an opportunity for the vis medicatrix naturæ. Try it; do not, like Naaman, prate of Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, but go wash in Jordan seven times.
XXVII
Is Walking Selfish?
§ 68
But is it not a selfish pleasure, this that is to be gained by rural peregrination, I shall be asked. Bluntly I answer, No. A country walk makes one blithesome; and than blithesomeness there is no greater foe to selfishness. Had Bacon not declared that gardening was the purest of human pleasures, I should be inclined to give the palm to walking.
We are too gregarious. We live too much in herds, and we consider too much what the herd will think of our petty individual ways. Civilisation is not an unmixed boon, and artificial combinations of men taint the natural simplicity of the race. In combining together for mutual protection against a common foe we forget that sometimes a man's foes are those of his own household. Each feels that the eyes of the world are upon him, and always he is subconsciously occupied in conforming himself to the world. A political community not only curtails the individual's freedom of action for the good of the whole, it curtails also his freedom of thought and manner. What is the result? The result is that "self-consciousness" has taken on a new and sinister meaning. Instead of denoting the especial and distinguishing characteristic of emancipated reason, self-consciousness has come to denote a painful cognisance of the fetters that our fellow-reasoners have put upon reason. We are the slaves of ourselves. Only the child and the savage are free to "live deliberately," to "live deep and suck out all the marrow of life." Long before the child has developed into the grown, and the savage into the civilised, man, that silent and unseen but tireless architect, Convention, builds about him an invisible but infrangible wall of reserve: his spontaneous emotions, his natural affections, his aspirations and ambitions, must filter through crevices and peepholes instead of exhaling from him as a rich and original aura.
Already the taint is perceptible in our literature. The centripetal tendency is not a purely economic one. Commerce and industry draw the crowds to the cities, and immediately there arises a set of writers who write only of the city. How large a proportion of our fiction portrays only the wretched drawing-room intrigue, the wretched rivalries of wretched citizens. The Epic was buried three hundred years ago. The Ode is dead. The Lyric is dying. Now we have the Novel and the Problem Play, the sensational Newspaper and the Picture Magazine. In time, I suppose, we shall come to the Snapshot and the Paperette. Already we are almost there.—Was it for this that the mighty Areopagitical pleader for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing strove?
I wish that whole populations of crowded cities could be turned out hebdomadally to take long week-end walks in the country, there to mew its mighty youth and kindle its undazzled eyes at the full midday beam; there to slough off the skin of daily toil, cleanse itself from the dross of money-getting, and learn that there is something in life more worth living for than the weekly wage, and other joys than those of panem et circenses.—But this is a wild dream. As well try to rehabilitate the Bacchic dance and Chian wine in place of Football and beer or Baseball and peanuts.—Yet methinks I have heard of wilder. What did Jean-Jacques and his school really mean by "back to nature"?
To me, I confess, this polipetal or city-seeking tendency in modern life (if I may so call it) wears a most serious, a most sinister aspect. So, I am inclined to think, it did to Ruskin. "I had once purposed," wrote John Ruskin half-a-century ago, "to show what kind of evidence existed respecting the possible influence of country life on men; it seeming to me, then, likely that here and there a reader would perceive this to be a grave question, more than most which we contend about, political or social, and might care to follow it out with me earnestly. The day will assuredly come when men will see that it is a grave question."[59]
If we read history aright, always the bloated city succumbs to the pagan horde. It is in the crowded city that all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life,[60] have most free play. And it is in the city, where division of labour is daily carried to greater extremes, that men's activities as a whole have least free play. The result is twofold: the nobler emotions are stunted; the baser passions are stimulated. Socialism (whatever the precise prescription so labelled may be) is no remedy for this. Perhaps Rousseau reasoned better than he knew.
In a sense, however—thanks to whatever gods may be!—as a matter of fact there is quietly going on a constant recurrence to Nature. The United States of America, Canada, Australia, South Africa—what but wholesale emigration from over-populous or over-pragmatical centres is the source and origin of these? Colonisation is the protest against the social, political, economical, or religious constrictions of the crowd.—It is precisely these constrictions, my practical quærist, that I am tempting thee now and again to flee. De te fabula narratur.
XXVIII
The Pæan of Being
§ 69
Have I too much belauded the country walk? I do not thereby decry the outdoor sport. The thorough sportsman is the noblest work of God (apologies to the shade of Alexander Pope!). Athletics, said that acute philosophical historian, Goldwin Smith, "wash the brain." Well, sometimes I think a really good country walk cleans the soul. You get away from rivalries and trivialities; from scandal, gossip, and paltriness; you get away from your compeers and your neighbours—perhaps you learn for the first time who your neighbour is—namely, your fellow-farer in distress, as the Good Samaritan long ago taught; you get away from barter and commerce, from manners and customs, from forms and ceremonies; from the thousand and one complications that arise when a multitude of hearts that do not beat as one try to live in a too close contiguity. It was only when the inevitable third party appeared upon the scene (as I think someone must have said) that Adam and Eve ceased to be good, put on clothes, and hid themselves from the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden. It is easy to be generous amongst trees and grass and running water; one feels good 'neath the blue firmament on the open earth; ghosts vanish that scent the morning air, and glow-worms pale their uneffectual fire. For to everyone—I care not whether theist, deist, or atheist—to everyone Nature instinctively, spontaneously, proclaims herself an infinitely adorable Mystery. If there is anything above and beyond the ephemeral and the fleeting; if there is somewhere some immensity of Being, some source of All, would it not be well sometimes to make haste and bow the head towards the earth and worship?[61]
Some immensity of Being. It is to this that in reality all Nature points. The clouds, the skies, the greenery of earth, the myriad forms of vegetation at our feet, stir as these may the soul to its depths, they are but single chords in the orchestra of Life. It is the great pæan of Being that Nature chants. By them it is that we perceive "the immense circulation of life which throbs in the ample bosom of Nature, a life which surges from an invisible source and swells the veins of this universe."[62] Through them it is that we detect the enormous but incomprehensible unity which underlies this incommensurable multiplicity. The wavelet's plash; the purl of the rill; the sough of the wind in the pines—these are but notes in the divine diapason of Life, of Life singing its cosmic song, unmindful who may hear.—Alas, that so few hear aught but a thin and scrannel sound!
INDEX
- A
- Abbott, Charles C., 13
- Action, a struggle to overcome space and time, 131
- Advertisements, hint as to taxing, 200
- Alcohol, proper use of, 142 et seq.
- All, the, 129 et seq.
- Amiel, Henri-Frédéric, 128;
- Aphrodites, the two, 165
- Appearance, something behind, 87
- Arve, the river, 167
- Autumn in Canada, 107 et seq.
- Autumn reveries, 29
- Avebury, Lord, quoted, 185, 186
- B
- Bannock, the, 156
- Beans, how to cook, 157, 158
- Beauty, 110;
- Being, the pæan of, 223 et seq.;
- immensity of, 225
- Belloc, Hilaire, quoted, 151
- Beverages, 142 et seq.
- Blood corpuscles, an analogy from, 93 et seq.
- Boots, 135
- Borrow, George, 14;
- Browning, Robert, quoted, 163, 164
- Buckinghamshire, a walk in, 31 et seq.
- Burma, 15
- Burroughs, John, 12;
- Byways, English, 21 et seq.
- C
- Calm, Matthew Arnold on, 77
- Campbell, Professor W. W., quoted, 177
- Canada, spring in, 45 et seq.;
- Carlyle, Thomas, quoted, 196, 197
- Carpenter, Edward, 103;
- Cattle, mountain, 172
- Cave man, the, 138, 139
- Cities, crowded populations of, 218 et seq.
- Civilisation a mixed boon, 216 et seq.
- Companion, an uncongenial, 113, 114
- Conscience, 42 et seq.
- Cosmos, the, 93
- Country, the, calming influence of, 127
- D
- Darwin, Charles, quoted, 170, 171
- Death, a change, 95
- De Quincey, Thomas, quoted, 199
- Details, practical, 152 et seq.
- Dietary, the tramp's, 140 et seq.
- Downs, the Sussex, 25 et seq.
- Drama, a natural, 79 et seq.
- E
- East, the fascination of the, 19
- Emigration, 222
- England, byways in, 22 et seq.;
- a spring morning in, 25 et seq.
- Enthusiasts, cautions for, 181 et seq.
- Euripides, quoted, 194
- Evening walks, 78 et seq.
- Evil, origin of, 97 et seq.
- G
- Georgian Bay, the, 53
- Glacial epoch, the, 138, 139
- Goethe, quoted, 194
- Golf and walking, 1 et seq.;
- Guérin, Eugénie de, quoted, 211
- Guérin, Maurice de, quoted, 186, 187; 225, 226
- H
- Haig, Dr Alexander, 145
- Harte, Bret, quoted, 159, 160
- Hassocks, 25
- Hearth, the, 137, 139
- Hurstpierpoint, 25
- I
- Ideal, unrealisability of, 132
- Impedimenta, 151
- India, 17 et seq.
- Infinite, the, 128;
- how that all things point to the, 188 et seq.
- Instincts, primitive, 162 et seq.
- M
- Mabie, Hamilton Wright, 12, 13
- MacLane, Mary, quoted, 160
- Meditations, evening, 78 et seq.
- Memories, cosmic, 162
- Memory, idea of time dependent on, 92, 93
- Milk, value of, 147
- Milky Way, the, 56
- Morning air, a steriliser, 210
- Morning walk, an early, 205; 208
- Morning walks, 72 et seq.
- Mountains, peacefulness of, 173, 174
- Müller, Max, 112
- Multiplicity, subjective character of, 95
- Mystery, the, of nature, 39; 85;
- P
- Pantry, the antiquity of the, 155
- Pascal, quoted, 101
- Plato, quoted, 165
- Plotinus, 89, 90
- Poynings, village, 25
- R
- Reason, inadequacy of, 97;
- Religious tenets, criterion of, 102
- Responsibility, 96, 97
- Rhône, the, 167
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, quoted, 202-204
- Ruskin, John, quoted, 161; 220, 221
- S
- Salève, the Grand, 167 et seq.
- Savoie, Haute, 172
- Science, 191
- Seclusion, benefits of, 117
- Self-consciousness, 217, 218
- Sénancour, quoted, 161
- Sense, a seventh, 186
- Solar system, motion of, 176, 177
- "Son of the Marshes, A," 13
- Soul, the, 113
- Space, subjective character of, 91; 95
- Spirit of eternal things, the, 39, 85
- Stayner, 53
- Stephen, Sir Leslie, 14
- Strife, universality of, 176
- Sunday in a country town, 121 et seq.
- Sunshine, Canadian, 70, 71
- T
- Tea, as a stimulant, 145 et seq.
- Tennyson, quoted, 190
- Thatcher, T., quoted, 75
- Thoreau, Henry D., 12;
- Thought, a struggle to conceive the infinite, 131
- Time, subjective character of, 91, 92, 95
- Toronto, 119
- Tragedies, 124 et seq.
- Transcendentalism, practical, 40 et seq.
- Troglodytic families, 138
- V
- Van Dyke, Henry, 13
- W
- Walk, the essence of a, 5 et seq.;
- a woeful, 105 et seq.
- Walkers, notable, 9 et seq.
- Walking tour, preparations for a, 133 et seq.
- Walking tours, 133 et seq.
- Walks and walking, effects of golf upon, 2 et seq.;
- Walks, my earliest, 15 et seq.;
- in Burma, ibid.;
- in India, 17 et seq.;
- in England, 21 et seq.;
- on the Sussex Downs, 25 et seq.;
- in Buckinghamshire, 31 et seq.;
- in Canada, 45 et seq.;
- on the banks of the Otonabee, 47 et seq.;
- by the Georgian Bay, 53 et seq.;
- on the outskirts of an Ontarian country town, 59 et seq.;
- a woeful walk, 105, 106;
- from Toronto, along the Kingston Road, 107 et seq.;
- over one of the Passes of the Jura, 149, 150;
- on the Grand Salève, 167 et seq.;
- early on Monday mornings, 205, 206;
- of a Sunday before breakfast, 208 et seq.
- Walton, Izaak, quoted, 72, 73, 74
- Warnings, 180
- Whiting, Charles Goodrich, 13
- Will, 96, 97;
- freedom of the, 99 et seq.
- Winter in Canada, 62 et seq.
- Wood, Edith Elmer, quoted, 143 et seq.
- Woods, Canadian, 63 et seq.
- Wordsworth, William, quoted, 7, 111, 112