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Old-Time Gardens, Newly Set Forth

Chapter 3: CHAPTER I
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About This Book

A richly illustrated exploration of historic American garden traditions and plant lore. The author surveys colonial and cottage garden layouts, front dooryards, box-edged parterres, herb beds, lilac and rose plantings, and seasonal flower borders, combining practical descriptions with anecdotes, period customs, and plant-name origins. Chapters treat garden furnishings, sun-dials, seeds and small posies, childhood memories, and decorative devices such as tussy-mussies. Photographs and historical woodcut motifs accompany guidance on color, planting schemes, and the cultural meanings attached to familiar flowers.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Old-Time Gardens, Newly Set Forth

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Title: Old-Time Gardens, Newly Set Forth

Author: Alice Morse Earle

Release date: March 4, 2012 [eBook #39049]
Most recently updated: January 8, 2021

Language: English

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Old Time Gardens


Contents

CHAPTER PAGE
I. Colonial Garden-making 1
II. Front Dooryards 38
III. Varied Gardens Fair 54
IV. Box Edgings 91
V. The Herb Garden 107
VI. In Lilac Tide 132
VII. Old Flower Favorites 161
VIII. Comfort Me with Apples 192
IX. Gardens of the Poets 215
X. The Charm of Color 233
XI. The Blue Flower Border 252
XII. Plant Names 280
XIII. Tussy-mussies 296
XIV. Joan Silver-pin 309
XV. Childhood in a Garden 326
XVI. Meetin' Seed and Sabbath Day Posies 341
XVII. Sun-dials 353
XVIII. Garden Furnishings 383
XIX. Garden Boundaries 399
XX. A Moonlight Garden 415
XXI. Flowers of Mystery 433
XXII. Roses of Yesterday 459
Index 479

List of Illustrations

The end papers of this book bear a design of the flower Ambrosia.

The vignette on the title-page is re-drawn from one in The Compleat Body of Husbandry, Thomas Hale, 1756. It represents "Love laying out the surface of the earth in a garden."

The device of the dedication is an ancient garden-knot for flowers, from A New Orchard and Garden, William Lawson, 1608.

The chapter initials are from old wood-cut initials in the English Herbals of Gerarde, Parkinson, and Cole.

PAGE

Garden of Johnson Mansion, Germantown. Photographed by Henry Troth facing 4

Garden at Grumblethorp, Home of Charles J. Wister, Esq., Germantown, Pennsylvania 7

Garden of Bartram House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 9

Garden of Abigail Adams, Quincy, Massachusetts 10

Garden at Mount Vernon-on-the-Potomac, Virginia. Home of George Washington facing 12

Gate and Hedge of Preston Garden, Columbia, South Carolina 15

Fountain Path in Preston Garden, Columbia, South Carolina 18

Door in Wall of Kitchen Garden at Van Cortlandt Manor. Croton-on-Hudson, New York. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 20

Garden of Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 24

Garden at Prince Homestead, Flushing, Long Island 28

Old Dutch Garden of Bergen Homestead, Bay Ridge, Long Island facing 32

Garden at Duck Cove, Narragansett, Rhode Island 35

The Flowering Almond under the Window. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 39

Peter's Wreath. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 41

Peonies[Pg x] in Garden of John Robinson, Esq., Salem, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis facing 42

White Peonies. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 42

Yellow Day Lilies. Photographed by Clifton Johnson facing 48

Orange Lilies. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 50

Preston Garden, Columbia, South Carolina facing 54

Box-edged Parterre at Hampton, County Baltimore, Maryland. Home of Mrs. John Ridgely. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 57

Parterre and Clipped Box at Hampton, County Baltimore, Maryland. Home of Mrs. John Ridgely. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 60

Garden of Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, Waldstein, Fairfield, Connecticut. Photographed by Mabel Osgood Wright 63

A Shaded Walk. In the Garden of Miss Harriet P. F. Burnside, Worcester, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis facing 64

Roses and Larkspur in the Garden of Miss Harriet P. F. Burnside, Worcester, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 65

The Homely Back Yard. Photographed by Henry Troth facing 66

Covered Well at Home of Bishop Berkeley, Whitehall, Newport, Rhode Island 68

Kitchen Doorway and Porch at The Hedges, New Hope, County Bucks, Pennsylvania 70

Greenwood, Thomasville, Georgia 73

Roses and Violets in Garden of Greenwood, Thomasville, Georgia facing 74

Water Garden at Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York. Home of Miss Cornelia Horsford 75

Garden at Avonwood Court, Haverford, Pennsylvania. Country-seat of Charles E. Mather, Esq. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 76

Terrace Wall at Drumthwacket, Princeton, New Jersey. Country-seat of M. Taylor Pyne, Esq. 76

Garden at Drumthwacket, Princeton, New Jersey. Country-seat of M. Taylor Pyne, Esq. 77

Sun-dial at Avonwood Court, Haverford, Pennsylvania. Country-seat of Charles E. Mather, Esq. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 80

Entrance[Pg xi] Porch and Gate to the Rose Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 82

Pergola and Terrace Walk in Rose Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 83

Statue of Christalan in Rose Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 84

Sun-dial in Rose Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 86

Bronze Dial-face in Rose Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 87

Ancient Pine in Garden at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 89

House and Garden at Napanock, County Ulster, New York. Photographed by Edward Lamson Henry, N. A. facing 92

Box Parterre at Hampton, County Baltimore, Maryland. Home of Mrs. John Ridgely. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 95

Sun-dial in Box at Broughton Castle, Banbury, England. Garden of Lady Lennox 98

Sun-dial in Box at Ascott, near Leighton Buzzard, England. Country-seat of Mr. Leopold Rothschild facing 100

Garden at Tudor Place, Georgetown, District of Columbia. Home of Mrs. Beverly Kennon. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 103

Anchor-shaped Flower Beds, Kingston, Rhode Island. Photographed by Sarah P. Marchant 104

Ancient Box at Tuckahoe, Virginia 105

Herb Garden at White Birches, Elmhurst, Illinois 108

Garden at White Birches, Elmhurst, Illinois 111

Garden of Manning Homestead, Salem, Massachusetts facing 112

Under the Garret Eaves of Ward Homestead, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 116

A Gatherer of Simples. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall facing 120

Sage.[Pg xii] Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 126

Tansy. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 129

Garden of Mrs. Abraham Lansing, Albany, New York. Photographed by Gustave Lorey facing 130

Ladies' Delights. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 133

Garden House and Long Walk in Garden of Hon. William H. Seward, Auburn, New York facing 134

Sun-dial in Garden of Hon. William H. Seward, Auburn, New York 136

Lilacs in Midsummer. In Garden of Mrs. Abraham Lansing, Albany, New York. Photographed by Gustave Lorey facing 138

Lilacs at Craigie House, Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Home of Longfellow. Photographed by Arthur N. Wilmarth 141

Box-edged Garden at Home of Longfellow, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Photographed by Arthur N. Wilmarth 142

Joepye-weed and Queen Anne's Laces. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 145

Boneset. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 146

Magnolias in Garden of William Brown, Esq., Flatbush, Long Island facing 148

Lilacs at Hopewell 149

Persian Lilacs and Peonies in Garden of Kimball Homestead, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 151

Opyn-tide, the Thought of Spring. Garden of Mrs. Abraham Lansing, Albany, New York. Photographed by Pirie MacDonald facing 154

A Thought of Winter's Snows. Garden of Frederick J. Kingsbury, Esq., Waterbury, Connecticut 157

Larkspur and Phlox. Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts 162

Sweet William and Foxglove 163

Plume Poppy 164

Meadow Rue 167

Money-in-both-Pockets 171

Box Walk in Garden of Frederick J. Kingsbury, Esq., Waterbury, Connecticut 173

Lunaria in Garden of Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, Fairfield, Connecticut. Photographed by Mabel Osgood Wright facing 174

Dahlia[Pg xiii] Walk at Ravensworth, County Fairfax, Virginia. Home of Mrs. W. R. Fitzhugh Lee. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 177

Petunias 180

Virgin's Bower, in Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts 184

Matrimony Vine at Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland 186

White Chinese Wistaria, in Garden of Mortimer Howell, Esq., West Hampton Beach, Long Island 188

Spiræa Van Houtteii. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 190

Old Apple Tree at Whitehall. Home of Bishop Berkeley, near Newport, Rhode Island 194

"The valley stretching below
Is white with blossoming Apple trees,
As if touched with lightest snow."
Photographed by T. E. M. and G. F. White 197

Old Hand-power Cider Mill. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 198

Pressing out the Cider in Old Hand Mill 200

Old Cider Mill with Horse Power. Photographed by T. E. M. and G. F. White 203

Straining off the Cider into Barrels 204

Drying Apples. Photographed by T. E. M. and G. F. White facing 208

Ancient Apple Picker, Apple Racks, Apple Parers, Apple Butter Kettle, Apple Butter Paddle, Apple Butter Stirrer, Apple Butter Crocks. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 211

Making Apple Butter. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall facing 214

Shakespeare Border in Garden at Hillside, Menand's, near Albany, New York. Photographed by Gustave Lorey 216

Long Border at Hillside, Menand's, near Albany, New York. Photographed by Gustave Lorey facing 218

The Beauty of Winter Lilacs. In Garden of Mrs. Abraham Lansing, Albany, New York. Photographed by Pirie MacDonald 220

Garden of Mrs. Frank Robinson, Wakefield, Rhode Island 222

The[Pg xiv] Parson's Walk 225

Garden of Mary Washington 228

Box and Phlox. Garden of Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York 230

Within the Weeping Beech. Photographed by E. C. Nichols facing 232

Spring Snowflake, Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 234

Star of Bethlehem, in Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 237

"The Pearl" Achillæa 238

Pyrethrum. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 242

Terraced Garden of the Misses Nichols, Salem, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 246

Arbor in a Salem Garden 250

Scilla in Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts 254

Sweet Alyssum Edging of White Border at Indian Hill, Newburyport, Massachusetts 256

Bachelor's Buttons in a Salem Garden. Home of Mrs. Edward B. Peirson 258

A "Sweet Garden-side" in Salem, Massachusetts, Home of John Robinson, Esq. facing 260

Salpiglossis in Garden at Indian Hill, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 261

The Old Campanula, Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts 263

Chinese Bellflower. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 264

Garden at Tudor Place, Georgetown, District of Columbia. Home of Mrs. Beverly Kennon. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot facing 266

Light as a Loop of Larkspur, in Garden of Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, Beverly, Massachusetts 269

Viper's Bugloss. Photographed by Henry Troth 274

The Prim Precision of Leaf and Flower of Lupine. Photographed by Henry Troth 276

The Garden's Friend. Photographed by Clifton Johnson 281

Edging[Pg xv] of Striped Lilies in a Salem Garden. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 283

Garden Seat at Avonwood Court. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 286

Terraced Garden of the Misses Nichols, Salem, Massachusetts 288

"A Running Ribbon of Perfumed Snow which the Sun is melting rapidly." At Marchant Farm, Kingston, Rhode Island. Photographed by Sarah F. Marchant 292

Fountain Garden at Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York facing 294

Hawthorn Arch at Holly House, Peace Dale, Rhode Island. Home of Rowland G. Hazard, Esq. 298

Thyme-covered Graves. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 301

"White Umbrellas of Elder" 305

Lower Garden at Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York facing 308

"Black-heart Amorous Poppies" 310

Valerian. Photographed by E. C. Nichols 314

Old War Office in Garden at Salem, New Jersey 319

Crown Imperial. Page from Gerarde's Herball facing 324

The Children's Garden facing 330

Foxgloves in a Narragansett Garden 333

Hollyhocks in Garden of Kimball Homestead, Portsmouth, New Hampshire facing 334

Autumn View of an Old Worcester Garden facing 338

Hollyhocks at Tudor Place, Georgetown, District of Columbia. Home of Mrs. Beverly Kennon 339

An Old Worcester Garden. Home of Edwin A. Fawcett, Esq. facing 340

Caraway 342

Sun-dial of Jonathan Fairbanks, Esq., Dedham, Massachusetts 344

Bronze Sun-dial on Dutch Reformed Church, West End Avenue, New York 346

Sun-dial mounted on Boulder, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania 347

Buckthorn Arch in Garden of Mrs. Edward B. Peirson, Salem, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis facing 348

Sun-dial at Emery Place, Brightwood, District of Columbia. Photographed by William Van Zandt Cox 349

Sun-dial[Pg xvi] at Travellers' Rest, Virginia. Home of Mrs. Bowie Gray. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 350

Two Old Cronies; the Sun-dial and Bee skepe. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 354

Portable Sun-dial from Collection of the Author 356

Sun-dial in Garden of Frederick J. Kingsbury, Esq., Waterbury, Connecticut 358

Sun-dial at Morristown, New Jersey. Designed by W. Gedney Beatty, Esq. 359

"Yes, Toby, it's Three o'clock." Judge Daly and his Sun-dial at Sag Harbor, Long Island. Drawn by Edward Lamson Henry, N.A. 361

Face of Dial at Sag Harbor, Long Island 362

Sun-dial in Garden of Grace Church Rectory, New York. Photographed by J. W. Dow 364

Fugio Bank-note 365

Sun-dial at "Washington House," Little Brington, England 367

Dial-face from Mount Vernon. Owned by William F. Havemeyer, Jr. 368

Sun-dial from Home of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 369

Kenmore, the Home of Betty Washington Lewis, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 371

Sun-dial in Garden of Charles T. Jenkins, Esq., Germantown, Pennsylvania 373

Sun-dial at Ophir Farm, White Plains, New York. Country-seat of Hon. Whitelaw Reid 375

Sun-dial at Hillside, Menand's, near Albany, New York 378

Old Brass and Pewter Dial-faces from Collection of Author 379

Beata Beatrix facing 380

The Faithful Gardener 381

A Garden Lyre at Waterford, Virginia facing 384

A Virginia Lyre with Vines 386

Old Iron Gates at Westover-on-James, Virginia. Photographed by George S. Cook 388

Ironwork in Court of Colt Mansion, Bristol, Rhode Island. Photographed by J. W. Dow 390

Sharpening the Old Dutch Scythe. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall facing 392

Summer-house[Pg xvii] at Ravensworth, County Fairfax, Virginia. Home of Mrs. W. H. Fitzhugh Lee. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 392

Beehives at Waterford, Virginia. Photographed by Henry Troth facing 394

Beehives under the Trees. Photographed by Henry Troth 395

Spring House at Johnson Homestead, Germantown, Pennsylvania. Photographed by Henry Troth facing 396

Dovecote at Shirley-on-James, Virginia. From Some Colonial Mansions and Those who lived in Them. Published by Henry T. Coates & Co., Philadelphia 397

The Peacock in his Pride 398

The Guardian of the Garden 400

Brick Terrace Wall at Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 402

Rail Fence Corner 403

Topiary Work at Levens Hall 404

Oval Pergola at Arlington, Virginia. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot facing 406

French Homestead, Kingston, Rhode Island, with Old Stone Terrace Wall. Photographed by Sarah F. Marchant 407

Italian Garden at Wellesley, Massachusetts. Country-seat of Hollis H. Hunnewell, Esq. facing 408

Marble Steps in Italian Garden at Wellesley, Massachusetts 410

Topiary Work in California 412

Serpentine Brick Wall at University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Photographed by Elizabeth W. Trescot 413

Chestnut Path in Garden at Indian Hill, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis facing 418

Foxgloves in Lower Garden at Indian Hill, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis 421

Dame's Rocket. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall 424

Snakeroot. Photographed by Mary F. C Paschall 426

Title-page of Parkinson's Paradisi in Solis, etc. facing 428

Yuccas, like White Marble against the Evergreens 430

Fraxinella in Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts facing 432

Love-in-a-Mist. Photographed by Henry Troth 436

Spiderwort in an Old Worcester Garden. Photographed by Herschel F. Davis facing 438

Gardener's[Pg xviii] Garters at Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland 440

Garden Walk at The Manse, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Photographed by Clifton Johnson facing 442

London Pride. Photographed by Eva E. Newell 445

White Fritillaria in Garden of Miss Frances Clary Morse, Worcester, Massachusetts 448

Bouncing Bet 451

Overgrown Garden at Llanerck, Pennsylvania. Photographed by Henry Troth facing 454

Fountain at Yaddo, Saratoga, New York. Country-seat of Spencer Trask, Esq. 455

Avenue of White Pines at Wellesley, Massachusetts. Country-seat of Hollis H. Hunnewell, Esq. 456

Violets in Silver Double Coaster 461

York and Lancaster Rose at Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 462

Cinnamon Roses. Photographed by Mabel Osgood Wright 465

Cottage Garden with Roses. Photographed by Mary F. C. Paschall facing 468

Madame Plantier Rose. Photographed by Mabel Osgood Wright 474

Sun-dial and Roses at Van Cortlandt Manor. Photographed by J. Horace McFarland facing 476


Old Time Gardens

CHAPTER I

COLONIAL GARDEN-MAKING

"There is not a softer trait to be found in the character of those stern men than that they should have been sensible of these flower-roots clinging among the fibres of their rugged hearts, and felt the necessity of bringing them over sea, and making them hereditary in the new land."

American Note-book, Nathaniel Hawthorne.