[2120] Rheede, Malabar, ii. p. 57, t. 32.
[2121] Rumphius, Herb. Amb., vol. iv. p. 93.
[2122] Franchet and Savatier, Enum. Japon., i. p. 424.
[2123] Unger, Pflanzen des Alten Ægyptens, p. 61.
[2124] Theophrastus, Hist., lib. i. cap. 19; Dioscorides, lib. iv. cap. 171; Fraas, Syn. Fl Class., p. 92.
[2125] Nemnich, Polyglott. Lexicon; Forskal, Fl. Ægypt., p. 75.
[2126] Jonah iv. 6. Pickering, Chron. His. Plants, p. 225, writes kykwyn.
[2127] Flückiger and Haubury, Pharmacographia, p. 511.
[2128] A. de Candolle, Prodr., xvi. part 2, p. 136; Tchihatcheff, Asie Mineure, i. p. 172; Ledebour, Fl. Ross., i. p. 507; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., iii. p. 630; Boissier, Fl. Orient., iv. p. 1160; Brandis, Forest Flora of N.W. India, p. 498; Kurz, Forest Flora of Brit. Burmah, p. 390.
[2129] C. Koch, Dendrologie, i. p. 584.
[2130] Franchet and Savatier, Enum, Plant. Jap., i. 453.
[2131] Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., p. 702; Bunge, Enum., p. 62.
[2132] Heldreich, Verhandl. Bot. Vereins Brandenb., 1879, p. 147.
[2133] Theophrastus, Hist. Plant., lib. iii. cap. 3, 6. These passages, and others of ancient writers, are quoted and interpreted by Heldreich better than by Hehn and other scholars.
[2134] Heuffel, Abhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges. in Wien, 1853, p. 194.
[2135] De Saporta, 33rd Sess. du Congres Scient. de France.
[2136] Dioscorides, lib. i. cap. 176.
[2137] Pliny, Hist. Plant., lib. xv. cap. 22.
[2138] Pliny, Hist. Plant., lib. xv. cap. 22.
[2139] Heer, Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, p. 31.
[2140] Sordelli, Sulle piante della torbiera, etc., p. 39.
[2141] Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 16; and letter of Aug. 23, 1881.
[2142] Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Europ., edit. 2, vol. i. p. 289; Hehn, Culturpflanzen und Hausthiere, edit. 3, p. 341.
[2143] Martius, Hist. Nat. Palmarum, in folio, vol. iii. p. 170 (published without date, but before 1851).
[2144] Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., iii. p. 616; Brandis, Forest Fl. of India, p. 551; Kurz, Forest Fl. of Brit. Burmah, p. 537; Thwaites, Enum. Zeylan., p. 327; Loureiro, Fl. Cochin-Ch., p. 695.
[2145] Blume, Rumphia, ii. p. 67; Miquel, Fl. Indo-Batava., iii. p. 9; suppl. de Sumatra, p. 253.
[2146] Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 28.
[2147] Blanco, Fl. di Filipinas, edit. 2.
[2148] Da Mosto, in Ramusio, i. p. 104, quoted by R. Brown.
[2149] Brown, Bot. of Congo, p. 55.
[2150] Martius, Hist. Nat. Palmarum, ii. p. 62; Drude, in Fl. Brasil., fasc. 85, p. 457. I find no author who asserts that this palm is wild in Guiana, as Martius affirms it to be in Brazil.
[2151] Elæis melanocarpa, Gærtner. The fruit also contains oil, but it does not appear that the species is cultivated, as the number of oleaginous plants is considerable in all countries.
[2152] Sloane, Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, ii. p. 113.
[2153] Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Ind. Is., p. 522.
[2154] Piso, Brasil., p. 65; Marcgraf, p. 138.
[2155] Martius, Hist. Nat. Palmarum, 3 vols. in folio; see vol. ii. p. 125.
[2156] Aublet, Guyane, suppl., p. 102.
[2157] Sloane, Jamaica, ii. p. 9.
[2158] J. Acosta, Hist. Nat. des Indes, French trans., 1598, p. 178.
[2159] Vafer, Voyage de Dampier, edit. 1705, p. 186; Vancouver, French edit., p. 325, quoted by de Martius, Hist. Nat. Palmarum, i. p. 188.
[2160] Seemann, Bot. of Herald., p. 204.
[2161] Hernandez, Thesaurus Mexic., p. 71. He attributes the same name, p. 75, to the cocoa-nut palm of the Philippine Islands.
[2162] Oviedo, Ramusio’s trans., iii. p. 53.
[2163] A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Raisonnée, p. 976.
[2164] Grisebach, Vegetation der Erde, pp. 11, 323.
[2165] Seemann, Flora Vitiensis, p. 275.
[2166] The cocoa-nut called Maldive belongs to the genus Lodoicea. Coco mamillaris, Blanco, of the Philippines is a variety of the cultivated Cocos nucifera.
[2167] Drude, in Bot. Zeitung, 1876, p. 801; and Flora Brasiliensis, fasc. 85, p. 405.
[2168] Stieler, Hand Atlas, edit. 1867, map 3.
[2169] Stieler, ibid., map 9.
[2170] Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Indies, p. 552.
[2171] Eugène Fournier has indicated to me, for instance, drdapala (with hard fruit), palakecara (with hairy fruit), jalakajka (water-holder), etc.
[2172] Blume, Rumphia, iii. p. 82.
[2173] Forster, De Plantis Esculentis, p. 48; Nadeaud, Enum. des Plantes de Taiti, p. 41.
[2174] Blume, ubi supra.
[2175] Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 24.
[2176] Seemann, Fl. Vitiensis, p. 276; Pickering, Chronol. Arrangement, p. 428.
[2177] Dr. Bretschneider writes to me from Pekin, Dec. 22, 1882, that the species is mentioned in the Ryd, a work of the year 1100 B.C. I do not know if we must suppose the original habitat to be China or western Asia.
[2178] Essai sur la Géographie des Plantes, p. 28.
[2179] Counting two or three forms which are perhaps rather very distinct races.
[2180] See the list of the useful plants of Australia by Sir J. Hooker, Flora Tasmania, p. cx.; and Bentham, Flora Australiensis, vii. p. 156.
[2181] The proportions which I give for the Phanerogams collectively are based upon an approximative calculation, made with the aid of the first two hundred pages of Steudel’s Nomenclator. They are justified by the comparison with several floras.
[2182] The species in italics are of very ancient cultivation (A or D), those marked with an asterisk have been less than two thousand years in cultivation (C or F).
[2183] Since this list was printed, I have been informed that the quinoa is wild in Chili. Some of the figures need modification in consequence of this error.
[2184] For reasons which I cannot here express, monotypical genera are for the most part in process of extinction.
INDEX.
-
A - Abi, 285
- Agava americana, 153
- Alexanders, 91
- Alexandrine clover, 107
- Alligator pear, 292
- Allium Ampeloprasum, 101
- —— Ascalonicum, 68
- —— Cepa, 66
- —— fistulosum, 68
- —— sativum, 63
- —— Schœnoprasum, 72
- —— Scorodoprasum, 71
- Almond, 218
- Alocasia macrorhiza, 75
- Aloe, American, 153
- Amarantus frumentaceus, 352
- —— gangeticus, 100
- American Aloe, 153
- —— indigoes, 137
- Amorphophallus Konjak, 76
- —— Rivieri, 76
- Amygdalus communis, 218
- —— Persica, 221
- Anacardium occidentale, 198
- Ananassa sativa, 311
- Andropogon saccharatus, 382
- —— Sorghum, 380
- Angular Luffa, 371
- Angurian cucumber, 267
- Annual capsicum, 289
- Anona Cherimolia, 174
- —— muricata, 168, 173
- —— reticulata, 174
- —— squamosa, 168
- Anthriscus Cerefiolum, 90
- Apé, 75
- Apium graveolens, 90
- Apple, 233
- —— custard, 168, 174
- —— Malay, 241
- —— mammee, 189
- —— pine, 311
- —— star, 285
- —— sugar, 168
- —— Tahiti, 202
- Apricot, 215
- Arab tea, 134
- Arachis hypogæa, 411
- Areca catechu, 427
- Armeniaca vulgaris, 215
- Arnotto, 401
- Arracacha esculenta, 40
- Arrowroot, 81
- Artichoke, 92
- —— Jerusalem, 42
- Artocarpus incisa, 298
- —— integrifolia, 299
- Arum esculentum, 73
- —— macrorhizon, 75
- Aubergine, 287
- Avena orientalis, 373
- —— sativa, 373
- —— strigosa, 375
- Avocado pear, 292
-
B - Bambarra ground-nut, 347
- Banana, 304
- Barbados cotton, 408
- Barleys, 367
- [Pg 464]Batatas edulis, 53
- Batata mammosa, 57
- Bean, broad, 316
- —— kidney, 338
- Beetroot, 58
- Benincasa, 268
- Beta vulgaris, 58
- Bird-cherry, 205
- Bird’s foot, 113
- Bitter orange, 183
- Bixa Orellana, 401
- Black currant, 278
- Brassica campestris, 36
- —— Napus, 36
- —— oleracea, 36, 83
- —— Rapa, 36
- Bread-fruit, 298
- Broad bean, 316
- Bromelia Ananas, 311
- Buckwheat, common, 348
- —— notch-seeded, 351
- —— Tartary, 353
- Bullace, 214
- Bullock’s heart, 174
-
C - Cabbage, 83
- Cacao, 313
- Caïmito, 285
- Calabash, 245
- Cannabis sativa, 148
- Capsicum annuum, 289
- —— frutescens, 290
- Cardoon, 92
- Carica Papaya, 273
- Carob, 334
- Carthamine, 164
- Caryophyllus aromaticus, 161
- Cashew, 198
- Cassis, 278
- Castanea vulgaris, 353
- Castor-oil plant, 422
- Catha edulis, 134
- Celery, 89
- Cerasus vulgaris, 207
- Ceratonia Siliqua, 334
- Chayote, 273
- Chenopodium Quinoa, 351
- Cherry, bird, 205
- —— sour, 207
- Chervil, 90
- Chestnut, 353
- Chickling vetch, 110
- Chick-pea, 323
- Chicorium Endivia, 97
- —— Intybus, 96
- Chicory, 96
- China grass, 146
- Chinese pear, 233
- Chirimoya, 174
- Chives, 72
- Chocho, 273
- Chrysophyllum Caïmito, 285
- Cinnamon, 146
- Cinnamonum zeylanicum, 146
- Citron, 178
- Citrullus vulgaris, 262
- Citrus Aurantium, 188
- —— decumana, 177
- —— medica, 178
- —— nobilis, 188
- Clove, 161
- Clover, crimson, 106
- —— Egyptian, 107
- —— purple, 105
- Coca, 135
- Cochlearia Armoracia, 33
- Cocoa-nut palm, 429
- Cocos nucifera, 429
- Coffee, 415
- Coffea arabica, 418
- —— liberica, 418
- Colocasia, 73
- Convolvolus Batatas, 53
- —— mammosa, 57
- Corchorus capsularis, 130
- —— olitorius, 130
- Corn salad, 91
- Corn spurry, 114
- Cotton, Barbados, 408
- —— herbaceous, 452
- —— tree, 408
- Cress, garden, 166
- Crocus sativum, 86
- Cucumber, 264
- Cucumis Anguria, 267
- —— Melo, 258
- —— sativas, 264
- Cucurbita citrullus, 263
- —— ficifolia, 257
- —— Lagenaria, 245
- —— maxima, 249
- [Pg 465]Cucurbita Melopepo, pepo, 253
- —— moscbata, 257
- Currant, black, 278
- —— red, 277
- Custard apple, 168
- Cydonia vulgaris, 236
- Cynara Cardunculus, 92
- —— Cytisus Cajan, 332
- —— Scolymus, 92
-
D - Date-palm, 301
- Dioscorea, 76
- Dolichos Lablab, 346
- —— Lubia, 347
- —— Soja, 330
- Dyer’s indigo, 136
-
E - Egyptian clover, 107
- —— lupin, 327
- —— wheat, 259
- Elæis guineensis, 429
- Eleusine Coracana, 384
- Endive, 97
- Ervilla, 107
- Ervum Ervilia, 107
- —— lens, 321
- Erythroxvlon Coca, 135
- Eugenia Jambos, 240
- —— malaccensis, 241
-
F - Faba vulgaris, 316
- Fagopyrum emarginatum, 351
- —— esculentum, 348
- —— tataricum, 350
- Fenugreek, 112
- Ficus Carica, 295
- Field-pea, 327
- Fig, 295
- Fig-leaved pumpkin, 257
- Fig, Indian, 274
- Flat-podded pea, 109
- Flax, 119
- Fragaria chiloensis, 205
- —— vesca, 203
- —— virginiana, 205
- French honeysuckle, 104
-
G - Garcinia Mangostana, 118
- Garden cress, 86
- —— pea, 328
- Garlic, 63
- Glycine soya, 330
- —— subterranea, 347
- Gombo, 189
- Gooseberry, 276
- Gossypium arboreum, 408
- —— barbadense, 408
- —— herbaceum, 402
- Gourd, 245, 249
- —— snake, 273
- —— towel, 269
- Grass, China, 146
- Grass, guinea, 115
- Green gram, 346
- Guava, 241
-
H - Haricot bean, 338
- Hedysarium coronarium, 104
- Helianthus tuberosus, 42
- Hemp, 148
- Henna, 138
- Hibiscus esculentus, 189
- Holcus saccharatus, 382
- —— Sorghum, 380
- Hop, 162
- Hordeum distichon, 367
- —— hexastichon, 369
- —— vulgare, 368
- Horse-radish, 33
- Humulus Lupulus, 162
-
I - Ilex paraguariensis, 135
- Indian fig, 274
- Indigo, American, 137
- —— dyer’s, 136
- —— silver, 137
- Indigofera argentea, 137
- —— cerulea, 137
- —— tinctoria, 136
-
Ipomea mammosa, 57
[Pg 466]J - Jack-fruit, 299
- Jambosa Malaccensis, 241
- —— vulgaris, 240
- Jatropha manihot, 59
- Jerusalem artichoke, 42
- Juglans regia, 425
- Jujube, common, 194
- —— Indian, 197
- —— Lotus, 196
- Jute, 130
-
K - Kidney bean, 338
- —— moth, 344
- —— three-lobed, 345
- Kiery, 352
- Khât, 134
- Konjak, 76
-
L - Lablab, 347
- Lagenaria vulgaris, 245
- Lamb’s lettuce, 91
- Lathyrus Cicera, 109
- —— Ochrus, 110
- —— sativus, 111
- Lattuca scariola, 95
- Lawsonia alba, 138
- Leek, 101
- Lemon, 178
- Lens esculenta, 221
- Lentil, 321
- Lepidum sativum, 86
- Lettuce, 95
- —— lamb’s, 91
- Linum usitatissimum, 119
- Litchi, 314
- Longan, 315
- Lotos jujube, 196
- Lubia, 347
- Lucern, 102
- Lucuma Caïmito, 285
- —— mammosa, 286
- Lupin, 325
- Lupinus albus, 325
- —— termis, 327
- Lycopersicum esculentum, 290
-
M - Madder, 41
- Madia sativa, 418
- Maize, 387
- Malay apple, 241
- Mammee, 199
- —— americana, 189
- —— Sapota, 286
- Mandarin, 188
- Mandubi, 411
- Mangifera indica, 200
- Mango, 200
- Mangosteen, 188
- Manioc, 59
- Manihot utilissima, 59
- Maranta arundinacea, 81
- Marmalade plum, 286
- Maté, 135
- Medicago sativa, 102
- Melon, 258
- —— pumpkin, 256
- —— water, 262
- —— white gourd, 268
- Millet, common, 276
- —— Italian, 278
- Momordica cylindrica, 269
- Monkey-nut, 411
- Morus alba, 149
- —— nigra, 152
- Mulberry, 149
- Mung, 346
- Musk pumpkin, 356
- Myristica fragrans, 419
-
N - Nephelium lappaceum, 315
- —— litchi, 314
- —— longana, 315
- New Zealand spinach, 89
- Nicotiana tabacum, 139
- Nutmeg, 419
-
O - Oats, 372
- Ochro, 189
- Ochrus, 111
- Oil-palm, 429
- Olea europea, 279
- [Pg 467]Olive, 279
- Onion, 66
- —— spring or Welsh, 68
- Onobrychis sativa, 104
- Opuntia ficus Indica, 274
- Orange, 181
- —— bitter, 185
- —— sweet, 183
- Ornithopus sativus, 113
- Oryza sativa, 385
-
P - Palm, cocoa-nut, 429
- —— oil, 429
- Panicum italicum, 378
- —— maximum, 115
- —— miliaceum, 376
- Papava somniferum, 397
- Papaw, 293
- Papaya vulgaris, 293
- Parsley, 90
- Pea, 327
- —— field, 327
- —— garden, 328
- —— nut, 411
- —— pigeon, 382
- Peach, 221
- Pear, 229
- —— avocado, 272
- —— Chinese, 233
- —— prickly, 274
- —— sand, 233
- —— snowy, 232
- Pepper, red, 288
- Persea gratissima, 292
- Persica vulgaris, 221
- Petroselinum sativum, 90
- Phaseolus aconitifolius, 345
- —— lunatus, 344
- —— Mungo, 346
- —— vulgaris, 338
- Phœnix dactylifera, 301
- Pigeon-pea, 332
- Pine-apple, 311
- Pistachio nut, 316
- Pistacia vera, 316
- Pisum arvense, 327
- —— Ochrus, 111
- —— sativum, 328
- Plum, 211
- Polygonum emarginatum, 351
- —— fagopyrum, 348
- —— tataricum, 353
- Pomegranate, 327
- Poppy, 397
- Portulaca oleracea, 87
- Potato, 45
- —— sweet, 83
- Prickly pear, 274
- Prunus Amygdalus, 218
- —— Armeniaca, 215
- —— avium, 205
- —— Cerasus, 207
- —— domestica, 212
- —— insititia, 214
- —— Persica, 221
- Psidium guayava, 241
- Pumpkin, fig-leaved, 257
- —— musk or melon, 256
- Punica Granatum, 237
- Purslane, 87
- Pyrus communis, 229
- —— malus, 233
- —— nivalis, 233
- —— sinensis, 233
-
Q - Quince, 236
- Quinoa, 351
-
R - Radish, 29
- —— horse, 33
- Rambutan, 315
- Raphanus sativus, 29
- Rhus Coriaria, 133
- Ribes Grossularis, 276
- —— nigrum, 278
- —— rubrum, 277
- —— Uva-crispa, 276
- Rice, 385
- Ricinus communis, 422
- Rocambole, 72
- Rose-apple, 240
- Rubia tinctorum, 41
-
Rye, 370
-
[Pg 468]S - Saccharatum officinale, 154
- Saffron, 166
- Sainfoin, 104
- —— Spanish, 104
- Salsify, 44
- Sapodilla, 286
- Sapota achras, 286
- Scandix cerefolium, 90
- Scorzonera hispanica, 44
- Secale cereale, 370
- Sechium edule, 272
- Sesame, 419
- Sesamum indicum, 419
- Setaria Italica, 380
- Shaddock, 177
- Shallot, 68
- Sium Sisarum, 39
- Skirret, 39
- Smyrnium Olus-atrum, 91
- Snake gourd, 272
- Solanum Commersonii, 46
- —— immite, 49
- —— maglia, 49
- —— tuberosum, 45
- —— verrucosus, 49
- Sorghum saccharatus, 382
- —— vulgaris, 380
- Sour sop, 173
- Soy, 330
- Spanish sainfoin, 104
- Spelt, 362
- Spergula arvensis, 114
- Spinach, 98
- —— New Zealand, 87
- Spinacia oleracea, 98
- Spondias dulcis, 202
- Spurry, corn, 114
- Strawberry, 203
- —— Chili, 205
- —— Virginian, 205
- Sugar apple, 168
- —— cane, 154
- Sumach, 133
- Sweet potato, 83
- —— sop, 168
-
T - Tahiti apple, 202
- Tare, 108
- Tea, 117
- Tetragonia expansa, 89
- Thea sinensis, 117
- Theobroma Cacao, 313
- Tobacco, 139
- Towel gourd, 269
- Trigonella Fœnum-græcum, 112
- Trifolium Alexandrinum, 107
- —— incarnatum, 146
- —— pratense, 105
- Triticum æstivum, 354
- —— compositum, 359
- —— dicoccum, 365
- —— durum, 360
- —— hybernum, 354
- —— moncoccum, 365
- —— polonicum, 361
- —— spelta, 262
- —— vulgare, 354
- Turnip, 36
-
V - Valerianella olitoria, 89
- Vetch, chickling, 110
- —— common, 108
- Vicia ervilla, 107
- —— sativa, 108
- Vine, 191
- Vitis vinifera, 191
- Voandzeia subterranea, 347
-
W - Walnut, 245
- Wheats, 354
-
Y - Yams, 76
-
Z - Zea Mays, 387
- Zizyphus jujube, 197
- —— Lotus, 196
- —— vulgaris, 194