Our Arctic province

INDEX.

A
Adahk, island of, 183
Aggatoo, island of, 179
Agricultural features in Sitkan region, 18, 22, 24, 25, 35
in Kadiak region, 103, 106, 107
in Cook’s Inlet region, 83, 84, 85, 86
in Aleutian region, 184, 185
in Seal Islands, 204
in Yukon Valley and the North, 421, 443
Agents of the United States Government, 251, 252
Akootan, island of, 151, 153
volcano of, 153
Akoon, island of, 150, 154
wolves on, 156
Alaska, its area and population, 13, 14
its discovery, 1, 2, 3, 5
its purchase by United States Government, 11, 12
Alaska Commercial Company, its history, 224, 245, 247, 248, 249
Albinos and monstrosities, few among fur-seals, 306
Alexander Archipelago, its land and scenery, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 271
its earliest white occupation, 28, 29, 30
all visitors necessarily go there, 14, 15
Alexandrovsk, established by Kolmakov (1834), 375, 376
Aleutes, traits, characteristics of, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174
Algæ, or sea-weeds, those of Sitkan waters, 20
those of Aleutian waters, 182
those of Pribylov waters, 214, 215
American traders, business relations of Baranov with, 28
business methods in Sitkan region, 36, 37, 38, 39
business methods in Aleutian region, 129, 191
business methods in Yukon and Kuskokvim regions, 384, 414, 418, 424
business methods in Arctic Ocean, 425
Amchitka, island of, 181, 184
Amlia, island of, 182
Animals, fur-bearing and food, in the Sitkan region, 55, 61, 62
in the Cook’s Inlet region, 91
in the Aleutian region, 151, 156, 163, 178
in the Nooshagak region, 381, 382, 399
in the Kuskokvim region, 381, 382, 399
in the Yukon and Arctic region, 418, 425, 426, 440
Area and extent of Alaska, 13, 14
Arrie egg-shells, their toughness, 222
Atkha, island and natives of, 144, 180, 181, 182, 183
Attitudes and land postures of fur-seals, 280
Attoo, extreme western land of North American continent, 143, 179, 180
Auroral and nephelogical phenomena, 158, 198, 420
Autocratic powers of the old Russian American Company, 9
Avatanak, island of, 154
B
Bachelor, or “holluschiokie” fur-seals, 294, 295, 296, 297
Baird, Professor S. F., 190
Banks, codfishing, 122, 123, 124
Baranov, Alexander, character of, 6, 28
Barrabkie, a, how it is made, 135, 166, 167
Basking sharks and killer-whales, 325, 327
Bath, Innuit, vile methods, 387
Barrow, Point, 440
Battles of the fur-seals, 265, 266
Bays indenting coast of Kadiak, 115, 116
of Oonalashka, 159
Bear “Roads,” 89
Beaver Bay, Oonalashka Island, 176
Bering’s expedition of Alaskan discovery, 1, 2, 3
the discovery of Alaska, 2, 3
the ill-fated homeward voyage, 3, 4, 124
the shipwreck and escape of survivors, 4, 191
Bering Straits, 428, 429, 430, 431, 441
Belcovsky, village of, 119, 120
Bidarrah, use of, how it is made, 346, 347, 453, 454
Bidarka, use of, how it is made, 133
Birth of fur-seals, 282
Bishop Innocent Veniaminov, his labors, 309
Blubber of fur-seal, sea-lion, mahklok, and beluga, 292, 345, 405
Bogaslov Islet, volcanic eruption of, recently, 186, 167
Borka, village of, 176, 177
Bristol Bay, 118, 398
Breeding grounds, number of fur-seals on, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321
of sea-lions, 187, 310, 354, 356, 357, 358, 361
of hair-seals, 256
of sea-otters, 132
of water-fowl, 210, 211
Burials and funerals of the Sitkans or Thlinkets, 50
of the Innuits or Eskimo, 389, 410
of the Aleutes, 178
Burnt or Brulé districts, 408, 409
C
Camps, Innuit summer, 381, 426
Kenaitze hunting, 91
Canoes, Sitkan, 62, 63
Ingaleek, 417
Carousals, Aleutian beer orgies, 137, 174, 175
Carving bone and ivory, skill of Innuits, 384
wood, skill of Haidahs, 49
Cape Prince of Wales, 428, 429, 431
Capture of sea-otters, 128, 191, 133
of sea-lions, 364, 365
Carcasses of slaughtered fur-seals, 350, 351, 352, 353
Cassiar Gold-diggings, 17, 18, 25
Cattle in Alaska, 86, 106, 107, 178, 184
Cereals, total failure in Alaska, 107
Chernaboor islets, 138, 141
Christianity among the Aleutes and Kadiakers, 115, 116, 171, 172, 241, 246
among the Innuits, 410
among the Thlinkets, 40, 41, 42
Church, Greek, 40, 41, 120, 121, 137, 164, 174, 178, 241, 388
Clans, the several Sitkan tribes, 43
Climate of the Sitkan region, 24
of the Mount St. Elias region, 72, 77
of the Cook’s Inlet region, 93
of the Kadiak region (see Cook’s Inlet)
of the Aleutian Islands, 158, 185
of the Pribylov Islands, 194, 195, 196, 197
of the Nooshagak region, 382, 404
of the Kuskokvim region, 382, 404, 407
of Michaelovsky and the Yukon, 421, 422, 424
of Arctic coast of Alaska, 427
Coal in Cook’s Inlet, 125
in the Arctic, 125, 438
in Shoomagin Group, 125
in Sitkan region, 70, 71
Coins, Russian names and values of, 8
Codfish, industry of, at Oonga, 122, 123, 124
Companies, rival trading, 191
Consumption, chief cause of death-rate among natives, 110
Cook’s Inlet, characteristics of, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87
country north of, 87
Copper River, its character, 76, 77
Cossacks, Russian and Siberian, 128, 159
Courage of fur-seals, 279
Creoles, what they are, 108
Crillon, Mount, 72
Cruelties inflicted by Russian traders upon natives, 6, 128, 147, 159
Curing and dressing fur-seal skins, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349
D
Dangers of Alaskan coast navigation, 76, 83, 117, 123, 218, 219, 374, 375, 395, 440, 442
to which young fur-seals are exposed, 283, 329, 330
Death, natural, of fur-seals, 307
Decay of the Russian American Company after Baranov’s removal, 11
Deer, Sitkan, 55, 62
Rein, 121, 122, 397, 418
Definition of technical terms on Seal Islands, 320, 321
Delta of the Copper River, 75, 77
of the Yukon River, 414, 415
Deschnev, Simeon, his remarkable voyage (1648), 429
Diet of natives of the Sitkan region, 58
of the Cook’s Inlet region, 95
of the Kadiak region, 136, 137
of the Aleutian region, 168
of the Seal Islands, 241, 242, 243
of the Innuits, 382, 383, 454, 455, 456
Diomedes, islands of, Bering Straits, 430, 431, 432, 441
Diseases, natives most afflicted with, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 238
Docility of fur-seals when driven, and being killed, 335
Dogs, Eskimo, 388
Sitkan, 61
none on the Aleutian Chain, 158
Dressing fur-seal skins, 348, 349
Driving fur-seals, 333, 334, 336
sea-lions, 366, 367, 368
Dwellings of the Aleutes, 133, 166, 167
of the Innuits, 378, 379, 380, 381, 426
of the Cook’s Inlet Kenaitze, 91, 92, 93
of the Sitkans or Thlinkets, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 60, 64
of the Seal Islanders, 232, 233
of the white fur-traders, 36, 175
E
Earthquakes, 146, 147, 148, 161, 186, 189
Eggs, water-fowl, gastronomic value of, 211
Epidemic among seals, 324
Employés, superannuated “old colonial settlers,” 85, 86
Eskimo of Alaska (see Innuits)
Experiments with fur-seals, 263, 264
Extermination of fur-seals, 231, 307, 308, 309, 324
of sea-otters, 129
of walrus, 458, 459
Extent and area of Alaska, 13, 14
Eyes of fur-seals, beauty of, 291
of fur-seals, lurid lights in, 341
of sea-lion, ferocity of, 355
of walrus, grotesqueness of, 449
F
Fairweather, Mount, 71, 72
Familiar flowering plants on the Seal Islands, 200, 201, 202, 203
on the Arctic coast of Alaska, 440
Fasting, long-protracted, of male fur-seals, 272, 273
Festivals, native Innuit, 390, 391, 392, 393, 423
First school in Alaska, 102
First mission in Alaska, 102
Fishing industries of the Sitkans, 59
of the Aleutes, 168
of the Shoomagin Islands, 122, 123, 124
of the Kuskokvim and Yukon, 404
of the Arctic, 434, 435
of Americans at Cook’s Inlet, 93
of Americans at Kadiak Island, 115, 116
Flowers, wild, great abundance of, 177, 420
Forest trees of Alaska, 21, 22, 79, 85, 103, 104, 105, 157, 408, 409, 416, 424
Forests of Alaska, 21, 71, 408, 409
Foxes, blue (Vulpes lagopus), 180, 205, 206
red, 180, 206
Four Peaks, or “Cheetiery Sopochnie,” 186
Fruits indigenous to Sitkan district, 22, 23
indigenous to Aleutian district, 168
indigenous to Kuskokvim district, 411
indigenous to Seal Islands, 201
Fur-seal, arrival of at breeding grounds, 292, 293-297
boldness of, 129, 331
description of adult male, 258, 259, 260, 261
description of adult female, 273, 274, 275, 276
description of “pups,” 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289
odor and noise of, 265, 270, 281
erroneous ideas of its skin, 347, 348
effect of warm weather on, 306
first arrival at the islands, 262
food of, 328, 329
healthiness of, 324
high order of instinct of, 258, 301
numbers of, 310-313, 324, 326
increase or diminution or, 317, 318, 328, 333
in the waters around the islands, 286, 299, 300, 302, 331, 361
manner of killing and skinning, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342
manner of salting, dressing, and shipping skins of, 345-349
meat of, 344
method of land travel, 260
natural enemies of, 325, 327, 330
noise on the breeding rookeries, 270, 271
movements on land and in water, 286, 289, 298, 362
pelagic range of, in search of food, 329, 330
“podding” of its “pups,” 289
polygamous and angry males, 275, 276, 277, 278
position and selection of hauling-grounds, 295, 296
power of land locomotion, 267
pre-emption of rookeries, 265, 276
prostration of, by heat or driving, 271, 272
range of vision of, 291
relative growth and weight of, 304, 305
sanguinary combats of, 265, 266
shedding of hair and fur, 285, 290, 302, 303
sleep of, 280, 281
sleep on land of, 280, 281
skill in selecting rookeries, 277
strength and courage of the male, 265, 267
tabulated result of surveys, 312
vitality of, 283, 323
voice of, 268, 269, 270
G
Games, festivals, etc., of the Aleutes, 239, 240, 241
of the Innuits, 393, 423
of the Thlinkets or Sitkans, 65
Glaciers of the Aleutian Islands, 183
of Cook’s Inlet, 84
of Prince William Sound, 78
of the Sitkan Archipelago and Cross Sound, 19, 20
of Mount St. Elias region, 75
of Copper River region, 76
easy approach to Grand, Icy Bay, 19, 20
Gold-bearing quartz, Sitkan Archipelago, 69, 70
Cook’s Inlet, 96, 97
Golovin Bay, Norton’s Sound, mines in, 424
Goreloi, island of, 183, 184
Government, civil laws, etc., for Alaska, 42
Greek Church, in Alaska, 40, 41, 120, 121, 137, 164, 174, 178, 388
Guano, accumulation prevented, 221
H
Haidah Indians, best savages of the Sitkan region, 44
house, or “rancherie,” 46, 47, 48, 49, 51
Hair-seal, description of, 255, 256, 257, 332
picture of Phoca-fœtida, 441
picture of E. barbatus, 383
Halibut, Sitkan natives fishing for, 55, 63
Aleutes fishing for, 212, 213
Hauling grounds, selection of, by fur-seals, 294, 295, 296
Hogs, 108, 208
Hot springs, near Sitka, 68
Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, 122, 183, 184
Homeward voyage and shipwreck of Bering, 3, 4
Human protection of fur-seals, 373
Hunting sea-otter, 127, 128, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144
Hutchinson, H.M., his labors, 247, 248
I
Ice Company, San Francisco, 105
Icy Bay, grand glacier in, 19, 20
Ilyamna, volcano of, 87
lake, 396
Implements, agricultural, manufacture of, at Sitka, 33
Indians of the Sitkan region, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 64, 65
Ingaleek, or Interior Indians of Alaska, 408, 417, 418
Innuits, or Eskimo, characteristics of, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 411, 426, 431, 432, 437, 456, 457, 458
Intoxication among Alaskan natives, 66, 137, 174, 175, 235
J
Japanese and Aleutian facial resemblance, 163
Jumping out of water by fur-seals, 300, 301
Juneau, gold mining at, 69
Juvenal, tragic death of Father, 396, 397
K
Kadiak, the island of, 98, 99, 103
sheep raising, 107
old colonial citizens of, 104
sea-otter hunting by natives of, 116
old ship-building industry, 105, 106
Ice Company of San Francisco, 105
timber line drawn upon, 103
wars of early Russian traders, 102, 103
visit, and establishment of Shellikov, 99, 100, 101, 102
Kanaga, island of, 181, 183
Kaniags, natives of Kadiak, 109, 110
Kamlayka, the water-proof, 371
Kashga, the Innuit, 385, 386, 387
Kenai Peninsula, 84, 85, 86
Kenaitze Indians, habits and appearance of, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93
queer architecture of, 92
Killer whales, their ferocity, 325, 327, 330
Killing grounds, Seal Islands, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341
Killing sea-lions, method of natives, 368, 369
Kings Island, or Ookivok, 425, 426
Kotzebue Sound, characteristics of, 432, 433, 434
Kolmakovsky, trading-post of, 406
Krenitzin Group of Islands, 148
Kuskokvim region, characteristics of, 402, 403, 404, 405
density of population of, 403, 404
commercial poverty of it, 407, 408
prevalence of mosquitoes in it, 405, 406
L
Land and scenery of the Sitkan region, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27
of the Mount St. Elias region, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
of the Cook’s Inlet, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86
of the Kadiak district, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 117
of the Aleutian district, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 163
of the Pribylov Islands, 215, 226, 227
of the Nooshagak region, 374, 375, 376, 395
of the Kuskokvim region, 395, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407
of the Yukon region, 395
of the Bering Sea Islands, 425, 426, 427, 430, 442, 443, 461, 462
of the Alaskan Arctic region, 424, 425, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440
Law, natural, obeyed among the fur-seals, 310
protecting the seal islands, 250
Lead, ore of, miner’s prospecting for, 424
Lease of the Seal Islands, 250
M
Mackerel, Atkhan, or “yellow-fish,” 181, 182
Mahklok, big hair-seal (Erignathus), 382, 383
Makooshin, volcano of, 160, 161
Mammoth and mastodon, fossil remains of, 424, 434
Massacre of Baranov’s Sitkan garrison (1801), 28
of Drooshinnin’s party, 159
of Seribniekov’s party, 76
by Glottov, of Oonalaskhan natives, 160
by Glottov, of Four Mountain natives, 186
Measles and typhoid-pneumonia in, 64, 112, 113
Medicines and pathology of Alaskan savages, 112
Michaelovsky, trading-post of, 413, 419
Mirage, the Arctic, 421
Missionaries, Russian, labors of, 99, 106, 121, 388
Moose, hunting of, 407
Morgan, Captain E., labors of, 247, 248
Morserovia, village of, 121
Morse (see Walrus)
Mosses, Alaskan, 22, 38, 149, 155, 163, 200, 318, 398, 403, 420, 442, 462
Mosquitoes, curse of Alaska, 405, 406
none on Seal Islands, 204
Mummies, Aleutian, 186
Mushrooms, on the Seal Island, 203, 204
Musk-ox not found in Alaska, 418
Mutilation of female fur-seals, 276
N
Nephelogical and auroral phenomena, 158, 198, 420
Niebaum, Captain G., labors of, 247
Nikolsky, village of, 184
Nooshagak region and village of, 374, 375, 376, 398
Nomenclature of fur-seal rookeries, 320
Norton Sound, 424
O
Occupation of Alaska by Americans (1867), 12
of Alaska by Russians (1745-63), 128
of the Seal Islands by Russians (1786), 192, 193
of the Seal Islands by Americans (1868), 247, 248
Odor from the killing grounds, 350, 351
from the fur-seal blubber, 292, 372
Oil, fur-seal and sea-lion, 372
oolachan grease, 57
herring, 57
beluga and mahklok, 405
coal, use of by Aleutes, 167
“Old colonial settlers,” 85, 86
Ommaney, Cape, 27
Oomnak, island of, 184, 185
Oonalashka, village and island of, 139, 156, 157, 158
Oonimak, island of, 145, 146, 147
Oonga, village and fisheries, 122, 123, 124
Ookamok, island and penal settlement on, 116, 117
Ookivok, island and village of, 425, 426
Oogashik, village of, 119
Oonalga, island of, 155
Oogalgan, island of, 155
Oogamok, island of, 148
Otter Island, or “Bobrovia,” 219
Otter, sea, hunting, 120, 179
a description of it, 130, 131, 132
P
Parka, the Innuit garment, 377, 378, 410, 411
Pelagic fur sealing, 452, 453
Peninsula of Alaska, 82, 117, 118
Penal settlement, R. A. Co. on Ookamok, 116, 117
Pneumonia, typhoid, scourge of, recently, 112, 113
Pogromnia Sopka, volcano of, 146
Polar bears, on the Seal Islands, 194, 464
on St. Matthew’s Island, 463, 464
Poonook, islets and village of, 444
Population of Alaska, 13, 14
Poultry kept in Alaska, 107, 185
Port Clarence, description of, 427, 428
Potatoes, how cultivated, and where, 60, 61, 106, 421
Powers and privileges of old Russian Company, 9, 10, 11
Pribylov, Gerassim, the discoverer of the Seal Islands, 191, 192, 323
Pribylov Islands, agriculture on, 204
algæ of the, 214, 215
animals and birds, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 223, 224
churches and schools, 241, 246
climate and winds, 194, 195, 196, 197
colonization, 193, 230, 231
creature-comforts of natives now, 232, 233
description of natives of, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239
dimensions and contour of, 215, 226, 227
disappearance of seals and birds in winter, 305, 306, 327
discussion of seal life, 255, 258, 292, 293, 294
eligibility of, 229, 230
flowering plants, etc., of, 200, 201, 202, 203
fogs and mists of, 194, 195, 306
gastronomic value of water-fowl eggs, 211
general business methods of sealing, 234, 237, 245, 246, 252
geographical position of, 194
geological structure of, 199, 215, 216, 217, 224, 225, 227, 228
grand total of fur-seals on, 312
isolation of rookeries on, 191, 193, 194
insects of, 204
lack of harbors in the, 217, 218
land animals of the, 205, 206, 207
peculiar advantages of, to fur-seals, 194, 195, 230
Pribylov Islands, peculiar cats on the, 207
polar bears on the, 194, 464
poultry kept on the, 208
remarks on walrus of the, 255, 332
Russian slaughter on, 316
scarcity of fish around the, 212
status of early colonists, 231, 232
sheep, on the rookeries, 270
stock-raising on the, 207, 208
vast numbers of water-fowl on the, 220, 221, 222
Veniaminov’s account of the, 194, 200
vigilance of the natives, 253
weight, growth, etc., of fur-seals on the 278, 279, 304, 305
Prince Frederick Sound, its awful scenic grandeur, 23
Prince William Sound, its gloomy scenic character, 78
Prince of Wales Island, 15, 99
Prostration of natives in sunshine, 197
of fur-seals, when driven, 336
Protection of fur-seals, 326, 327, 332, 373
Pups, fur-seal, description of, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287
learning to swim, 287, 288, 289
Q
Quartz mines near Sitka, 69, 70
on Douglas Island, 70
R
Reindeer, 121, 122, 397, 418
marked difference from that of Siberia, 397, 398
Rocks of St. Matthew’s Island, beauty of, 463
Rookeries, Pribylov Islands, 292, 293, 294, 310, 311, 312
Resurrection Bay, first Alaskan shipyard there, 79
Russian-American Company, its history, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 103
Russian coins, their names and value, 8
exploration and traders, bad record of, 4, 5, 6
rival companies (1745-1786), 191
seal islands, Bering and Copper, 327, 373
Governors living at Sitka, 34
Russians, as they lived at Sitka, 32, 33
S
Saanak, great sea-otter camp of, 138, 141, 142
Saint Elias, Mount, 73
George Village, Pribylov Group, 352
Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, 442, 443
Matthew’s Island, Bering Sea, 461, 462, 463
Michaels, post of, 413, 419
Saint Nicholas, redoubt, Kenai, 84
Paul Village, Pribylov Group, 352
Salmon in the Sitkan region, 56
in Cook’s Inlet, Sitkan region, 87, 94, 95, 96
in the Kadiak district, 115, 116
in the Aleutian district, 168, 185
in the Nooshagak district, 398, 399, 400
in the Kuskokvim district, 404
in the Yukon district, 417, 418
in the Alaskan Arctic, 434, 435
Salt House, work in, at Saint Paul, 345, 346
Semeisopochnoi, islands of, 181
Schools, 120, 173
Scrofula, virulence of, among Alaskan natives, 111
Sea-cow, Rhytina stelleri, 4
Seal (see Fur-seal, Hair-seal)
Seal Islands (see Pribylov Islands)
Seal and walrus hunting, Innuit, 400, 426, 440, 441, 460, 461
Sea-otter, a description of it, 130, 131, 132
early Russian hunt for, 128, 191
native hunters of, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 179, 181
Sea-lions, arrival at breeding grounds, 357
Eumetopias stelleri, adult males, 354, 355, 356, 357
Eumetopias stelleri, adult females, 357
description of a fight between rivals, 355, 356
general uses of, to natives, 363, 369
natives driving the, 364, 365, 366, 367
manner of capture of, 364, 365
manner of penning or coralling, 365
manner of killing them on St. Paul, 368, 369
meat, good quality of, 372
sites of their abandoned rookeries, 321, 322
St. George, the last resort for, 362, 363
shedding hair, 360
shyness and relative cowardice, 332, 356
Shamans, their services, 50, 112
Sheep, trial, and failure to raise in Alaska, 107
Shellikov, Grigoria, his labors, 99, 100, 101, 102
Shipbuilding in Alaska, 79, 80, 105, 106
Shipyard at Sitka, 32
Shishaldin, beautiful volcano of, 146
Shoomagin Islands, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126
Siberian coast, Bering Straits’ shore, 429
Sitka, its history, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32
as it is to-day, 33, 34, 35
Small-pox, epidemic of, 64, 113, 421
Soil and climate, not favorable to agriculture (see Agriculture)
Special Agents of the Treasury Department, 251, 252
Sports and pastimes of the natives, 65, 175
of the young fur-seals, 298, 299, 300
Steamers, trading, on the Yukon, 414
Steller, George W., his labors, 189
Stench arising from fur-seal carcasses, 350, 351
from decaying salmon and its roe, 57, 399
Superstitions of the natives, 80, 81, 90
Surveys of the fur-seal breeding grounds, 310, 311, 312
Swans, capture of, 399
Swimming feats of fur-seals, 300, 301, 302
T
Tanaga, island of, 181, 183
Telegraph, Collins Overland, 427, 428
Thlinkets, or Sitkan Archipelago Indians, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60
Tidal phenomena of Cook’s Inlet, 83, 87
of Bristol Bay, 374, 375
of Kuskokvim River, 400
uncertainties in Bering Sea, 197, 198
Tigalda, island of, 154, 155
Timber of Alexander Archipelago, 21, 22, 71
of Mount St. Elias region, 72, 77
of Cook’s Inlet region, 85
of Kadiak District region, 103, 104, 105
of Aleutian District region, 157
of Alaskan Interior region, 395, 408, 409, 416
of Alaskan Arctic region, 425, 439, 443
Tinneh, or Ingaleeks of Alaska, 408
Timidity and shyness of pinnipeds at sea, 331
Togiaks, Quaker-like Innuits, 401, 402
Treasury Department, its control of Seal Islands, 250, 251, 252
Totem and totemic posts, 49
Transfer of Alaska, cause why so done, 11, 12
Traffic by traders in the Sitkan region, 36, 37, 38, 39
in the Kadiak region, 119, 120, 129
in the Aleutian region, 129, 191
in the Yukon, Nooshagak, and Kuskokvim region, 384, 414, 418
in the Bering Sea and the Arctic, 425
Treadwell Gold-mining Stamp Mill, 69, 71
Tusks of the Walrus, 450, 451
U
Ugiak, Eskimo sea-god, 393, 423
Uses of sea-lion skins in making boats, 370, 371
of walrus-skins in making boats, 454
of walrus-teeth, 404
V
Veniaminov, the distinguished Russian priest, 37, 309
Volcanic region of Cook’s Inlet, 87
region of Oonimak, 146, 147, 148
region of Atkha, 183
region of Oomnak, 161
Volcanic elevation of Bogaslov Islet recently, 186, 187
Voyage of Captain Cook (1778), 83, 176, 430
of Veit Bering (1741), 1, 2, 3, 4, 73, 74
of Tscherikov (1741), 1, 73, 74
of Shellikov (1782-84), 99, 100, 102
of Simeon Deschnev (1648), 429
W
Walker, Lake, 399, 400
Walrus, a description of, 444, 445, 446, 447, 449
in Bristol Bay, 399
alarm when approached in boats, 332
in Arctic, 425, 444
Walrus Islet, a description of, 220, 444, 445
visit to, gathering eggs, 210, 220, 221, 222, 223
Walrus and seal-hunting and hunters, 400, 426, 440, 441, 460, 461
Wars of the Thlinkets, 44
of the Innuits, 417
of the Russian traders, 6, 29, 30, 101
Water-craft of the Sitkans, 62, 63
of the Aleutes, 33
of the Ingaleeks, 417
of the Innuits, 411, 427, 453, 454
Weaving, grass baskets, hats, etc., by Aleutians, 181
grass and bark, by Sitkans, 52
Whaling, Aleutian, 151, 152, 153
Americans, 71, 72, 440, 441
Innuit, 439
Wolves, none on the Aleutian Chain now, 156
Wrangel, Mount, the highest North American peak, 77
town of, 17, 18, 25
Y
Yukon, the river, its characteristics, 413, 413, 414, 415, 416, 419
contiguous country to, 415, 416
its people, 417, 418, 419
Z
Zagoskin, Lieutenant, his labors (1841-1845), 422
Zarenbo, island of, 27
Lieutenant, 25
Zalophus and Eumetopias, differences between, 362

About This Book

INDEX.