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Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine

Chapter 52: APPENDIX.
By Sir James Elliott
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Health & MedicineHistory - Ancient

About This Book

The narrative traces medical practice from ancient Greek healing cults and temple medicine through classical physicians and schools — Hippocratic methods, Alexandrian anatomy, and Galenic physiology — to Roman adoption and adaptation, surgical techniques, and public health measures such as aqueducts, baths, drainage, and sanitation. It surveys the rise of hospitals, Christian charitable care, and monastic medicine, and discusses medical instruments, pharmacology, and prevailing theories like empiricism and pneumatism, closing with the decline of classical medical learning and its transmission into later Byzantine and medieval contexts.

FOOTNOTES

[1] "Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Antiq.," Smith, vol. i, p. 150, to which the author is indebted for much of the information herein supplied.

APPENDIX.

FEES IN ANCIENT TIMES.

The professional incomes of doctors in ancient Greece and Rome varied greatly as at the present day. A few were paid very large fees, but the rank and file did not make more money than was equal to keeping them in decency.

Seleucus paid Erasistratus about £20,000 for curing his son Antiochus. Herodotus mentions that the Æginetans (532 B.C.) paid Democedes, from the public treasury, £304 a year; the Athenians afterwards paid him £406 a year, and at Samos he received £422 yearly. Pliny says that Albutius, Arruntius, Calpetanus, Cassius and Rubrius each made close upon £2,000 a year, and that Quintus Stertinius favoured the Emperor by accepting about £4,000 a year when he could have made more in private practice. The surgeon Alcon made a fortune of nearly £100,000 by a few years' practice in Gaul. Pliny states that Manlius Cornutus paid his doctor £2,000 for curing him of a skin disease, and Galen's fee for curing the wife of a consul was about £400 of our money.

INDEX.

  • Academics, 56
  • Adamantius, 116
  • Adams of Banchory, 31, 32, 124
  • Æsculapius, 3, 13, 14
    • ——, College of, 6
    • ——, temple of, 4, 14, 17
  • Ætius, 118
  • Agathinus, 87
  • Agrippa, 63
  • Alexander of Tralles, 119
  • Alexander the Great, 38, 40, 41
  • Alexandria, 42
  • Alexandrian School, 42
  • Anatomy, 27, 44, 46, 76, 101, 140
  • Andromachus, 68, 82
  • Antonius Musa, 65
  • Antyllus, 112
  • Apollo, 3, 13
  • Apollonius, 80
    • ——, alleged miracles of, 81
  • Aqueducts, 9, 155
  • Archagathus, 5
  • Archiater, 6, 68
  • Archigenes, 88
  • Aretæus, 87
  • Aristotle, 25, 40
  • Asclepiadæ, 18, 40, 44
  • Asclepiades of Prusa, 23, 51, 146
  • Asklepieion of Cos, 19
  • Astrology, 68
  • Athenæus, 86
  • Athletes, 147
  • Augustus, 63
  • Aurelianus, 91
  • Baths, Greek, 148
    • ——, Roman, 149
  • Baths of Caracalla, 44, 153
    • —— at Pompeii, 152
  • Byzantine Period, 111
  • Cabalists, 128
  • Cælius Aurelianus, 91
  • Cæsar, Julius, 44, 54, 55
  • Caligula, 67
  • Caracalla, 44, 153
  • Cassius Felix, 89
  • Catacombs, 160
  • Cato the Elder, 7, 8
  • Celsus, 48, 72
    • ——, works of, 73
  • Christ, miracles of, 138
  • Christianity, 128
    • —— and hospitals, 133
  • Chrysippos, 46
  • Claudius, 67
  • Cleombrotus, 46
  • Cloaca Maxima, 8, 159
  • Cnidos, 17, 44, 50
  • Constantine, 130
  • Cornelius Agrippa, 1
  • Cos, 17, 44
  • Cremation, 159
  • Decline of Healing Art, 111
    • —— of Rome, 111
  • Democedes, 22
  • Democritus, 23, 25
  • Demon Theories of Disease, 136
  • Dietetics, 32, 103
  • Dioscorides, 88
  • Disposal of the dead, 159
  • Dogmatic School, 23
  • Drainage, 159
  • Drug-sellers, 59
  • Eclectics, 87
  • Elements, the four, 39
  • Empirics, 23
  • Empiricism, 23, 48
  • Epicureans, 56
  • Erasistratus, 45, 47
  • Essenes, 45, 127
  • Euclid, 43
  • Eudemus, 79
  • Galen, 96, 146
    • ——, influence of, 110
    • ——, works of, 99
  • Gibbon, 10, 56, 120, 140
  • Gladiatorial games, 130
  • Gladiators, 147
  • Gnostics, 128
  • Gods of disease, 3
    • ——, of healing, 3, 15
  • Gorgias, 25
  • Gymnasia, 19, 145
  • Gymnastics, 143
    • ——, inventor of medical, 146
    • ——, opinions of physicians on, 146
  • Gymnasiarch, 20, 144
  • Gynæcology, 31, 93, 107
  • Heliodorus, 91
  • Herodicus, 25
  • Herodotus, 22, 91
  • Herophilus, 45, 46
  • Hippocrates, 7, 25, 146
    • ——, sons of, 37
    • ——, works of, 26
  • Hippocratic Law, 33
    • ——, Oath, 35
  • Homer, 15, 16, 148
  • Horatillavus, 61
  • Hospitals, 133
    • ——, founders of, 135
  • Hygeia, 15
  • Jacobus Psychristus, 116
  • Justinian, 130
  • Lectisternium, 3
  • Leucippus, 23
  • Library of Alexandria, 43
  • Livy, 2, 4
  • Machaon, 16, 17
  • Mæcenas, 66
  • Magnus, 116
  • Marinus, 95
  • Meges of Sidon, 79
  • Melampus, 15
  • Meletius, 116
  • Methodism, 23, 51, 54
  • Miracles of Apollonius, 80
    • ——, of Christ, 138
    • ——, of Vespasian, 140
  • Mithridates, 45
  • Mithridaticum, 45
  • Monastic medicine, 137
  • Moschion, 123
  • Nemesius, 116
  • Neoplatonism, 112
  • Nero, 67, 69, 70
  • Nerva, 81
  • Numa Pompilius, 2
  • Pathology, 104
  • Paulus Ægineta, 94, 113, 124
  • Period, anatomic, 21, 45
    • ——, philosophic, 21
    • ——, primitive, 20
    • ——, sacred, 21
  • Pestilence in Rome, 89
  • Philenus of Cos, 48
  • Philosophy, 56
  • Plague, 4, 120
  • Plato, 25, 39
  • Platonists, 56
  • Pliny, 3, 52, 65, 72, 84, 146
  • Plutarch, 5, 7
  • Pneumatism, 86
  • Podalarius, 16
  • Poisoners, women, 70
  • Priest-physicians, 1, 134
  • Priests, 18
  • Proclus, 140
  • Ptolemy, 43
  • Public health regulations, 161
  • Pythagoras, 21
  • Pythagoreans, 22
  • Rhodes, 17
  • Roman quacks, 58, 61
  • Rome, 56
    • ——, medical practice in, 58
  • Rufus of Ephesus, 94
  • Tacitus, 140
  • Temple of Æsculapius, 4, 14, 17
  • Temples, 3, 4, 17
  • Themison of Laodicea, 23, 53, 54
  • Theophrastus, 42
  • Theriaca, 98
  • Thermæ, 152
  • Thessalus of Tralles, 83
  • Thrasyllus, 66
  • Tiberius, 66
  • Water supply, 63, 155
  • Women poisoners, 70
  • Wounds of Julius Cæsar, 55

Transcriber's Note and Errata

Hyperlinks in the List of Illustrations point to the actual illustrations, rather than to the pages.

The following scanning errors have been corrected:

  • Page 44: Missing footnote label inserted.
  • Page 66: 'o' changed to 'of'.

The following typographical errors have been corrected:

  • Page 125: Additional end double quote removed afer feet,
  • Page 128: 'he' changed to 'He'.

Both 'out-flow' and 'outflow' are used once each in the text. Not changed.