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Outlines of mineralogy

Chapter 29: VISMUTUM, OR BISMUTH.
By Torbern Bergman
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About This Book

A concise scientific treatise that organizes fossil and inorganic substances by their constituent chemical components, advocating composition-based genera and species rather than superficial traits. It defines mineralogy, explains a natural system founded on prevalent parts and variations in mixture, and critiques reliance on color, hardness, and texture because these features often vary independently of composition. The work describes analytical approaches and difficult cases, offers supplemental genera in appendices, and supplies practical aids such as tables and an index to assist identification and application of mineral substances.

VISMUTUM,
OR
BISMUTH.

§ 210.

The heaviest of all the brittle metals that follow it, its ſpecific gravity being 9,670. Nitrous acid, and aqua regia diſſolve it perfectly. The vitriolic acid muſt be boiled nearly to dryneſs before it acts upon it, and the muriatic acid only attacks its calx. The quantity of phlogiſton which reſists the action of menſtrua, is expreſſed by 57; and its power of retaining it ranks it in the ſeventh place. It melts at the heat of 494 degrees.

VISMUTUM nativum (biſmuth). Native.

Cronstedt Min. § 222.

VISMUTUM calciforme (biſmuth). Calciform.

Cronstedt Min. § 223.

I am not able to ſay whether this is merely deprived of its phlogiſton, or whether it is not alſo mineralized by aerial acid.

VISMUTUM (biſmuth) mineralized by ſulphur. Sulphurated.

Cronstedt Min. § 224.

VISMUTUM (biſmuth) mineralized by ſulphur and iron. Pyritical.

Cronstedt Min. § 225.