Panama to Patagonia

INDEX

Aconcagua, Mt., 201
Aconcagua River valley, 201
Acorta, Señor, first vice-president of Peru, 1903, 169
Acre rubber territory, 136, 327, 328, 333, 336, 344, 346
Adams, John Quincy, his advice to Colombia, 351;
and the Monroe Doctrine, 354
Advertising, Chilean, 202, 204
Agassiz, 2
Agriculture, factor in growth of population, 8;
“cultivation in the clouds,” 67, 68;
development in Peru, 124–130, 134–136, 146, 147, 154, 158–161;
in Chile, 262–266;
in Bolivia, 307, 327–330, 341, 342
Aguacate, or alligator pear, 28, 29
Aguardiente, or cane rum, 27, 128
Akers, Charles E., 364
Alameda de las Delicias, Santiago, 204, 205
Alausi, Ecuador, 65
Alcohol, thirst of Indians for, 27, 121, 308;
by-product of sugar, 128;
injurious to Indians, 156;
source of revenue, 176, 346;
a possible excuse for its use, 295
Alfaro, ——, former president of Ecuador, 71
Alligator pear, 28, 29, 86
Almirante Barroso, Brazilian warship, 189
Almuerzo, mid-day breakfast, 27
Alpaca wools, 116
Altiplanicie, or Great Central Plateau, 279, 297
Alzamora, Dr. Isaac, former vice-president of Peru, 96
Amachuma, Bolivia, 293
Amazonian, commerce affected by Canal, 6, 78;
outlet to coast, 120, 137–139, 141, 142, 145, 147, 179, 335;
railroad extension into Amazon country, 140;
Pichis road opened, 143
Ambato, on Guayaquil and Quito Railroad, 69
Americans, in Canal Zone, 53–56;
as railway builders in Ecuador, 65, 66;
builders of jetty at Pacasmayo, 79;
in Peruvian railway projects, 80, 106, 147, 159;
in silver mines, 107, 131, 132;
at Arequipa, 117;
composing Inca Company, 119;
irrigating Piura district, 125;
relations with local authorities, 175;
in Iquique, 185;
project a bank in Valparaiso, 270;
resident at La Paz, 312;
syndicates interested in Corocoro mines, 322;
miners at Tipuani placers, 323;
projected American school, 345;
not unwelcome in Bolivia, 345;
advantages from Americans’ investments, 347
Amotope district, Peru, oil-producing, 131
Ancachs, Department of, mineral wealth, 130, 133
Ancon, Mt., 45
Ancon, Port of, 46, 82, 83, 125
Andes, 4, 6, 79, 81, 100, 118, 123, 130, 262, 269, 280, 321
Otherwise called Cordilleras
Angaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
Angostura de Paine, narrowest part of central valley, 263, 283
Annexes to hotels, 31
Anona, same as Cheremoya
Antarctic current, see Humboldt current
Antofagasta, distance from Panama, 12;
commerce, 15;
bad harbor, 86;
sketch of, 187;
copper output, 228;
silver in district, 230;
town seen from hills, 293
Apilla-pampa coal district, 326
Apurimac River valley, southern Peru, 128
Arana, surveys and explorations of, 142
Araucanian Indian stock, 251, 252
Arequipa, capital of southern Peru, 109, 110, 114–117;
district is gold-producing, 132;
sulphur-producing, 133
Arequipa, lost in Valparaiso harbor, 191
Argentine, 5, 6, 8, 9
Arica, distance from Panama, 12;
minerals exported from, 16;
vicuña rug industry, 122;
sketch of, 180–182;
export port for Chilcaya borax, 326
Army life, effect on native conscripts, 156;
the Chilean roto in the army, 254
Aspinwall, William H., statue to, 39
Asta-Barragua, Mr. George, 241
Athletic sports popular in Santiago, 213
Aullogas silver deposit, 318
Avenida, or Avenue Brazil, Valparaiso, 190
Avocat, or alligator pear, 28
Aymará Indians and dialect, 154, 252, 302, 304, 307, 311, 338–340
Aymaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
Ayoayo, Bolivia, 305
Bacon, Francis, on sea voyages, 59
Baggage, care of, 31
Bailey, Professor, director of Harvard astronomical observatory, 117
Balboa crossed Isthmus, 41
Balmaceda, José Manuel, former Chilean president, 236, 237, 243, 246
Balsas, or house rafts, 61, 121
Banks and banking, 34, 72, 99, 177, 178, 256, 270, 274–276, 368
Barandiaran, surveys and explorations of, 142
Beauclerc, Mr., English minister to Bolivia, 346
Beer, 26
Beet-root industry, 265
Beggar and political chiefs, incident concerning, 165
Bello, Andre, author of Chilean Civil Code, 206
Beni, territory at head-waters of, 327, 335, 344, 348
Bertrand, Mr. Alejandro, civil engineer, 215
Birds, on the coast, 79;
in a treeless country, 288, 292
Birth and death rates, in Lima, 100;
in Peru, 152, 157;
in Chile, 252, 256–258;
in Bolivia, 310
Bismuth production of Bolivia, 325
Black Mountain Peak, on Central Railway, 103
Blaine, Secretary, concerned in Galapagos Islands negotiations, 71
Boer colonies in South America, 273
Bogota, pure Spanish spoken, 24
Bolivia, relation to Canal, 2, 3;
population, 4;
commerce, 15, 16, 86, 88;
customs, 27;
market for Peruvian goods, 126, 128;
railroad building, 141, 187;
natives, 156;
shipping points, 187, 188;
description, 278–350
Boliviano, United States and English equivalents, 316, 317, 323, 347, 349
Boll weevil, Peruvian cotton free from, 126
Borax deposits, 132, 325
Brandy, Pisco, 85
Brazil, (tropical) coffee trade, 8;
(temperate) cattle and wheat industries, 8;
boundary disputes, 136, 146;
coffee product, 161, 328;
controversy over Acre rubber territory, 327, 333
Bronze in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320
Bryce, Professor James, 164
Buenaventura, 59
Bull-fight, at Lima, 95;
abolished in Chile, 213
Bulnes, General Manuel, former Chilean president, 233
Business-letter, the terse English, 23
Caballitos, or grass canoes, 79
Cabildo of Quito, resolution adopted by, 66
Cacao, or chocolate, Ecuador’s production of, 63
Caceres, President, his plans concerning central highway, 143, 170
Cachipuscana, Lake, 118
Cailloma district, Peru, silver-producing, 132
Caja de Ahorros, or Savings Bank, Santiago, 256
Cajamarca, 80, 132
Calamarca, 306
Calancha, Friar, concerning the South Sea and the Southern Cross, 57
Calca district, Peru, iron production, 133
Calchas, Bolivia, copper deposits, 322
Caldera, 5, 188
Calderon, Mr. and Mrs. Ignacio, of La Paz, 312
Calderon, Señor Manuel Alvarez, Peruvian minister to Washington, 1903, 169
Calderon, Señor Serapio, second vice-president of Peru, 169
Caledonian cross-cut channel projected, 42
Caleta Buena, 222
Caliche, nitrate layer, 220
Callao, 6, 12–14, 83, 84
Camache, suburb of Iquique, 185
Camana district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
sulphur beds, 133
Campaign humor, instance of, 240, 241
Campana, J. J., of Iquique, 219
Canal Commission, 52
Canal Zone, 18, 19, 37–56, 364;
see Panama, Isthmus of
Candamo, Señor Miguel, late president of Peru, 166–172
Cane rum, or aguardiente, 27, 128
Cangallo district, Peru, sulphur beds, 133
Canning, George, the statesman, 352, 355
Canta district, Peru, coal deposits, 133
Cape Pillar, 197
Capelo, Joaquin, Peruvian engineer of central highway, 143
Capopo district, copper mines in, 228
Carabaya, Province of, gold mines developed by Americans, 119, 120, 132
Caracas, Bay of, 60
Caracoles silver mines, 230
Caracollo, Bolivia, 302
Casapalca smelting-works on Central Railway of Peru, 103
Castilla, Joaquin, Peruvian patriot, 94
Castrovirreyna district, Peru, silver-producing, 132
Cauca, valley of, 13, 59
Caucho, second quality crude rubber, 134
Caylloma district, Peru, coal deposits, 133
Centenarians in San Juan valley, 281
Central Cordillera, 129, 137
Central highway, route from the Amazon to the Pacific, 142–146
Central Plateau, or Altiplanicie, of Bolivia, 279, 297
Central Railway, 100–105, 107, 149;
same as Oroya Railway
Central valley of Chile, 262–264
Cerro de Azul, 84, 125
Cerro de Pasco, district and mines, 105–107, 131–133, 140, 177;
railway, 106, 107, 140, 146, 159
Chacabuco, Hill of, head of central valley, Chile, 262
Chachani, mountain seen from Arequipa, 109, 112
Chaco, or tropical prairie and forest region, 341
Chagres River, used as a means of crossing Isthmus, 41;
advocated by Champlain, 42, 43;
one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43;
engineering problems presented by, 44
Chala, Peru, 85
Challapata, near Lake Poöpo, 298
Chamber of Commerce, Lima, 99, 176
Champlain, concerning Panama and possibility of canal, 43
Chañaral, location of copper-smelting works, 188
Chancay district, Peru, sulphur beds, 133
Chanchamayo valley, cane-producing area, 128;
land-grants to Peruvian Corporation, 140;
development of, 146, 160
Charqui, jerked beef, 33
Chauncey, Henry, statue to, 39
Chayanta, tin mines in district, 314;
copper deposits, 322;
gold claims, 324
Checcacupe, Peru, 119
Cheremoya, South American fruit, 28, 29
Chicha, native drink, 26
Chicla, on Central Railway, 101
Chilcaya borax field, Bolivia, 325
Chile, relation to Canal, 2, 16;
foreign trade, 9, 16;
saltpetre beds, 16, 217;
policy toward Galapagos Islands, 71;
description of, 180–277;
treaty with Bolivia, 346
Chilete (Ancachs) district, Peru, lead deposits, 133
Chili, valley of the river, 109, 117
Chiloe Archipelago, 196, 273
Chimborazo, 60
Chimbote, 81
Chimneys, lack of, in Santiago, 209
Chimoré coal district, 326
Chinchas, or guano islands, 85
Chinese, merchants of Callao, 84;
population of Lima, 96, 97;
land-owners, 158
Chira valley, projected irrigation, 124
Chivalry of Chilean men, 212
Chocaltaga, tin deposit of, 315
Chocaya, tin district, Bolivia, 315
Chocolate (cacao), 63
Cholos, 105, 136, 154, 155, 157, 285, 295, 308, 311, 338, 340
Chonta district, Peru, mercury-cinnabar production, 133
Chorolque, tin mines in district, 315;
silver mines, 318, 320;
bismuth deposit, 325
Chosica, on Central Railway, Peru, 103
Christ of the Andes, 269
Chuncho Indians, 154
Chuni, potato eaten by natives, 33
Chupé, native dish, 28, 292
Chuquicamata, copper mines in the District of, 228
Chuquisaca gold region of Bolivia, 324
Chuquiyupu River, meaning of name, 324
Churches, of Guayaquil, 61;
of Paita, 76;
of Lima, 91, 97, 98;
of Arequipa, 115;
of Santiago, 206
Cinchona tree, 329
Clay, Henry, 3, 371
Climate, along West Coast, 59;
of Guayaquil, 62;
of Lima, 100;
of Arequipa, 109;
of Santiago, 209, 213;
of Chile, 273;
of Oruro, 300;
of Bolivia, 341–343
Clubs, of Callao, 84;
of Lima, 96;
of Iquique, 185;
of Santiago, 211
Coal, in Peru, 107, 131, 133;
in Chile, 194, 229;
consumption of, in nitrate industry, 222;
Bolivian deposits, 326
Coca, plant from which cocaine is made, 156, 328, 329
Cochabamba, Bolivia, 335
Cochrane, Lord, statue to, 190
Codecido, Mr. Emilio Bello, of Santiago, 211
Coffee, from tropical Brazil, 8;
Peruvian settlers compete with Brazil in coffee culture, 161;
Bolivian trade in, 328
Cololo, mountain peaks in Peru, 305
Colombia, relation to Canal, 2, 3, 13;
Colombian control of Isthmus, 46;
J. Q. Adams’s advice, 351
Colon, distance from New York, New Orleans, Panama, and Liverpool, 11, 12;
sketch of, 37–40;
Canal workers leaving, 54;
distance from foreign ports, 63
Colonias, Territory of, Bolivia, 328, 344
Colonization, in Peru, 138, 160;
in Chile, 272;
in Bolivia, 340
Colquechaca silver deposits, 318
Colquiri, tin-mining district, 314
Columbus, statue to, at mouth of Canal, 38;
made search for passage through Isthmus, 41
Commercial traveller’s need of Spanish, 23
Compania Nacional de Recaudacion, Peru, 176
Concepcion, third largest city in Chile, 196;
coal mines in district, 229
Condor, 72
Consequencia silver mines, Chile, 230
Continental Divide, see Cordilleras
Coolies as plantation laborers, 158
Copacabana, peninsula of, 326
Copiapo district, silver mines, 229;
seat of revolution, 233
Copiapo Railway, 188
Copper, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 131, 132;
in Chile, 194, 195, 228;
in Bolivia, 320–323
Coquimbo, 189, 228, 229
Cordilleras, 4, 42, 45, 51, 67, 74, 123, 129, 130, 143, 149, 161, 162, 188, 201, 269, 279, 297, 305, 314, 326, 342
See also Andes
Cordoba, 5
Corocoro copper mines, 183, 322, 323
Coronel, coaling-station, 194, 195, 229
Coropuna mountain, 109, 112
Corpus Christi festival in Santiago, 208
Cosmopolitan La Paz, 311, 312
Cotagaita, tin district, Bolivia, 315
Cotaigata Mountain, 286
Cotopaxi, 60
Cotton, in Peru, 69, 124–127, 147;
in Bolivia, 329
Council of State, Peru, 173;
in Chile, 240
Cousiño family, controllers of Lota and Coronel, 195
Cousiño Park, Lota, 195
Cousiño Park, Santiago, 213
Crucero Alto, summit of divide, 118
Cuba, compared to Canal Zone, 51;
U. S. relations toward, 361, 362
Cuenca, Ecuador, 67
Culebra Cut, 45, 52
Curarey River, 69
Currency, paper, in Peru, 178;
metal and paper, in Bolivia, 349
Cuzco, Inca capital of Peru, 119, 129
Darien, or Caledonian, cross-cut channel projected, 42
Darsena at Callao, 83
Deafness of infants in mountain regions, 310
Death rate, see Birth and death rates
Debt of Chile, 274
De Costa, Señora Angela, originator of idea of statue “Christ of the Andes,” 269
De Faramond, Lieutenant Commander, French naval officer, 181
De Lesseps, residence of, 38
Departments of Bolivia, 344
Deposits and depositors in Santiago Savings Bank, 256
Desaguadero River, 299
Desolation Islands, 197
Deutsche La Plata Zeitung, 358
Diary-making on Pacific steamer, 59
Diseases, to be controlled by sanitation, 19;
incident to West Coast, 35;
to life in Canal Zone, 51, 52, 54, 55;
yellow fever at Guayaquil, 61;
fever at Arica, 181
Dos de Mayo, Peru, mercury and coal district, 133
Drake, Sir Francis, visit to Arica in 1579, 182
Dress for travellers, 25
Drinks, native, 26, 27
Dudley, Minister, of Lima, 97, 100, 126
Duran, 65
Earthquakes which have shaken Lima, 93;
Arequipa, 116;
Arica, 182
Ecuador, relation to Canal, 2;
trade with U. S., 9;
foreign trade, 13, 14, 63;
railway exploitation, 65, 66, 68;
topography, 67;
products, 68, 69;
minerals, 69;
population, 70;
financial standing and money, 71, 72;
banks and national debt, 72
Editor, the ideal, 215, 216
Edwards, Mr. Augustin, owner of El Mercurio, 214
Elections, in Chile, 240;
in Bolivia, 344
El Mercurio, of Santiago and Valparaiso, 214, 215, 363
El Misti, extinct volcano, 109, 117
Elmore, Judge Alberto, president of Council of State, Peru, 1903, 169
El Oro, the gold country of Ecuador, 69
Elsa mine, 324
English ports distant from West Coast, 12, 13, 63;
commerce, 15, 16, 64, 84, 136, 196, 271, 347;
interests in oil fields, 131;
in railroads, 139, 140, 161;
at Iquique, 185;
in nitrate fields, 186, 227, 269;
at Valparaiso, 190;
advertising, 202;
in Santiago, 213;
wheat trade with Chile, 263;
diplomatic relations with Bolivia, 346;
concern with Monroe Doctrine, 352 et seq.
English spoken in South America, 22, 23
Enock, C. Reginald, English engineer, 130
Errazuriz, Frederico, former Chilean president, 235
Escariano, 287, 291
Esmeraldas, 63
Eten, Port of, 79
Eugenie, Empress, statue presented by, 38
Evangelist Islands, 196, 197
Exchange, rates of, 34
Farmer, comprehensive term in Chile, 212, 213
Fashions in Bolivian towns, 285, 295
Ferrenafe, Peru, 79
Ferrol, Bay of, 81
Fever flower of Algiers, 181
Fleas of Quilca, 114
Fleteros, or boatmen, 75
Fomento de Fabrica, or Manufacturers Association, of Chile, 272
Foreign Commerce of the U. S., Annual Review 1904, table compiled from, 9
Foreigners, may hold municipal offices in Peru, 175;
from colonies around Valdivia, Osorno, and Lake Llanquihue, 272;
in Uyuni, 296;
scarcity in Bolivia, 337;
rights under the government, 345
Forest lands of southern Chile, 264
Fortunes of Chileans, 239
Four Years among the South Americans, 66
France in trade with Ecuador, 64;
with Peru, 127
Fredonia, U. S. frigate, destroyed by tidal wave, 182
Freight rates, 16–18;
through freight along West Coast, 58;
on Peruvian sugar, 128;
affected by Canal, 188
French community at Valparaiso, 190
Froward, Cape, 198
Fruits, 28, 29
Fuel saved by Canal route, 13
Galapagos Islands, 70, 71, 357
Galera tunnel, Central Railway, 101
Garland, Mr. Alejandro, of Lima, 97
Gatun, first view of Canal obtained from railroad at, 44
Geographical Society of Lima, 152
German colony, 157;
immigrants desired, 159;
Germans in Valparaiso, 190;
in Bolivian rubber region, 327;
concern in Monroe Doctrine, 358 et seq.
Germany, in trade with Ecuador, 64;
with Peru, 84;
sends minister to Bolivia, 346;
trade with Bolivia, 347
Gold, in Ecuador, 69;
in Peru, 120, 131, 132;
in Chile, 229;
in Bolivia, 282, 323–325
Gold River of St. John, 324
Gold standard, of Panama, 19;
of Peru, 177;
of Chile, 274;
of Bolivia, 349
Gottschalk, United States Consul, 130
Granadilla fruit, 85
Grape brandy, 85
Grape culture in Chile, 265
Grass cross over dwellings, 307
Guachalla, Señor Fernando, 34
Guadalupe Mountain, 280, 286, 291;
district, 318
Gualca, Indian who discovered silver at Potosi, 318
Guamote, Ecuador, 65
Guanaco skins, 182
Guano exported from Peru, 15, 79;
Guano islands, or Chinchas, 85
Guaqui, on Lake Titicaca, scene of Indian uprising, 339
Guayacan copper mines, 228
Guayaquil, distance from U. S. forts, 11, 14;
from Panama, 12;
sketch of, 61;
relation to Canal and commerce, 62, 63;
banks, 72
Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce, 64
Guayaquil, Gulf of, 60
Guayas River, 60
Guevara, Bachiler, forbidden to practise law in Quito, 67
Gulf ports, trade with West Coast ports, 11
Gum, see Rubber
Haciendas, in Peru, 85, 155;
in central valley, Chile, 263
Hamburg, distance from West Coast ports via Panama, 13;
from Guayaquil, 63
Harvard Astronomical Observatory, on Mt. El Misti, 117
Hassaurek, Frederick, his impressions of Quito, 66
Hats, Ecuador’s export trade in, 64
Havre, distance from Guayaquil, 63
Hay-Varilla Treaty, 46
Hay, John, late Secretary of State, 362, 363
Holidays in Bolivia, 345
Hotels, 29–31
Huaca, of Trujillo, 81;
of Supe, 82
Hualgayoc district, Peru, silver-producing, 132
Huallaga River, 6, 137
Huamachuco, gold-producing district, Peru, 132
Huamalies district, Peru, gold-producing, 132;
coal deposits, 133
Huancavelica, silver-producing district, Peru, 132;
mercury deposits, 133;
quicksilver mines, 142
Huanchaca, town and mines, 318
Huanchaca Company of Bolivia, their reduction works at Antofagasta, 187, 319
Huanchaco, Port of, 80
Huantayaja silver region, 229
Huanuco, German colony, 157;
district is gold-producing, 132
Huaraz district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
iron and sulphur deposits, 133
Huarochiri, sulphur, coal, and lead deposits, 133
Huaylas district, Peru, copper-producing, 132;
coal-mining district, 133
Huayna-Potosi, tin-mining district, 314, 315
Humboldt, Von, 2, 325
Humboldt, or Antarctic, current, 59
Hydraulic power of Andes to be developed, 130
Ibarra, Ecuador, 69
Ica district, Peru, gold and copper producing, 132
Illampu, series of peaks in Oriental Cordilleras, 305
Illimani, in the Bolivian Andes, 305, 306
Immigration, 8, 138, 158, 163, 272, 340
Inambari River basin, rubber industry, 120, 136;
gold-washings, 132
Inca, Peruvian coin, 35, 177
Inca Caracoles silver mines, 230
Inca Company, headquarters in Arequipa, 116, 119, 120
Indians, 25, 44, 75, 79, 105, 116, 121, 136, 151–157, 181, 195, 198, 199, 251, 285–287, 295, 304, 305, 308, 309, 328, 337–340
Industrial establishments of Chile, 266
Infiernillo (Little Hell or Devil’s Bridge), on Central Railway, 103
Ingenia, 287
Inquisivi, tin-mining district, 314;
bismuth deposit, 325
Intercontinental Railway Survey, 70, 153
Intercontinental railway, see Pan-American trunk line
International Sanitary Bureau, 18
Iodine found in nitrate deposits, 222
Iquique, distance from Panama, 12;
shipping-point for soda nitrates, 16;
one of the three worst ports on West Coast, 86;
sketch of, 184–186
Iquitos, 6, 7, 135, 148
Iron, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 133, 147;
in Chile, 227
Irrigation, 86, 112, 124, 125, 127, 130, 142, 159, 276
Isla de Plata, Silver Island, 73
Islands of Direction, same as Evangelist Islands
Islay, Bay of, 87;
town, 88
Italia, wine made in Pisco district, 85
Italians, in Lima, 96;
agricultural immigrants, 159, 160
Ivory nut, see Tagua
Jauja, valley of, presents possibilities for irrigation, 142
Jebe, best quality crude rubber, 134
Jones, Mr. Champion, of Lima, 90
“Journalism, The Land of,” 214
Juliaca, on Southern Railway, Peru, 119, 121
Junin, town and lake, 106, 222
Kaolin, in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320
Kelley, Frederick M., 42
Kraus, Jacob, Holland engineer, 192
La Boca, railway terminus at Pacific mouth of Canal, 46
Laborers, on Canal, 50;
in Piura cotton lands, 125;
in Peruvian rubber forests, 136;
Indian and cholo, 155;
Chinese coolies, 158;
mine workers needed, 159;
at Iquique, 185;
in nitrate fields, 223;
Chilean roto, 251–255;
in Chilean factories, 267;
Bolivian cholos, 340
Laca-Amra River, Bolivia, 299
L’Africaine, government railway concession, 341
La Lei, Santiago newspaper, 215
La Mar, gold-producing district, Peru, 132
Lambayeque region of Peru, 79, 129, 133
Land-owners in central valley, Chile, 263
La Paz, Bolivia, hotels, 30;
travellers to, 300;
sketch of, 310;
tin mined in district, 315;
in gold district, 324;
Aymará inhabitants, 338;
elevation of, 341;
Department in revolution of 1898, 343
La Quiaca, on Argentine frontier, 279
Larecaja placers of Tipuani, Bolivia, 324
Larez district, Peru, iron-producing, 133
Lastarria, J. V., Chilean diplomat and historian, 250, 251
La Vie Latine, 366
“Law, The,” Santiago newspaper, 215
Lead, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 132;
in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320
Leger, Minister, of Haiti, 362, 363
Leguia, Señor, of Peru, 171
Le Perou, Auguste Plane, 145
Lima, Peru, pure Spanish spoken, 24;
hotel, 30;
sketch of, 89–100;
censuses, 152;
scene of revolution, 164
Limon, Bay of, 37
Lipez, silver deposit, 318;
copper deposits, 321, 323
Live-stock industry, 8, 121, 133, 134, 263
Llai-Llai, 202
Llama, disposition of the, 309
Llanquihue district exports lumber, 264;
colony on lake, 272
Lobos Islands, 79
Loja, in mining district of Ecuador, 70
Lomas, 85
Lopez de Guevara had scheme for three canals, 43
Loreto, Department of, centre of Peruvian rubber district, 134;
variations in government, 173
Los Andes, location of spiral tunnel, 202
Lota, 194, 195;
copper product of district, 228;
iron mines, 229
Lottery at Lima, 95;
at Santiago, 213
Louisiana Purchase, resources of the, 3
Luya district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
Machacamarca smelting works, 321
Machala, 63, 67
MacKenna, Benjamin V., historian, 205
Madre de Dios rubber region, 327
Magellan, Territory of, 264, 275
Majo, Bolivia, 279, 280
Malinowski, engineer of Central Railway, 101
Manserriche, Falls of, 6, 78, 147, 148
Manufactories, of Lima, 99;
of Chile, 266
Manufacturers’ Association of Chile, 265, 272
Manzanillo, Island of, 37, 40
Mapocho River, Santiago, 207
Marañon River, 6, 78, 80, 132, 137, 147, 148
Maravillas, silver-smelting plant located at, 119
Marcapata valley, 136
Marriage customs among Indians, 155, 309
Martinez, Mr. Juan Walker, 211, 219
Mathieu, Mr., former Secretary of Chilean Legation, 312
Matte, Mr. Auguste, 211
Matucana, 104
Meals, customs concerning, 27
Meier, Mr., American consul at Mollendo, 114
Meiggs, Henry, builder of Central Railway of Peru, 100, 101, 110, 149, 203
Meiggs, Mt., on Central Railway, Peru, 104
Merchant marine of Chile, 270, 271
“Mercury, The,” of Santiago and Valparaiso, 214, 215
Mercury-cinnabar, Peruvian districts which produce, 133
Mestizos, 27, 151, 154, 155, 337;
compare with Cholos
Methodist Mission at Iquique, 185
Mexico of South America, Bolivia, 313–330
Mica deposits near Quilca, 114
Military party in Chile, 260
Mills, cotton, in Peru, 126
Milluni, tin-mining district, 314, 315
Mineral waters, 26
Mineral wealth, of Andes, 4;
of Ecuador, 69, 78, 81;
Peruvian deposits, 106, 107, 117, 120, 122, 130–133, 146;
Chilean deposits, 217–231, 276;
Bolivian deposits, 282, 294, 313–326
Mining-code, the Peruvian, 133
Mississippi Valley will benefit from Canal, 12
Molina, Father, Jesuit naturalist, 205
Mollendo, distance from Panama, 12;
trade passing through, 14;
relation to Arica, 16;
one of three worst ports on West Coast, 86;
railway terminus and harbor improvements, 88;
trade, 88;
use of Panama Canal, 88
Monastery of San Francisco, Lima, 97, 98
Money, South American, 34;
Ecuadorian, 72
Monroe Doctrine in South America, 70, 351–371
Montaña region, 68, 123
Monte Cristo, from Bay of Caracas, 60
Montes, President Ismael, of Bolivia, 314, 332, 343, 345
Montt, Director of National Library, Santiago, 207
Montt, Captain Jorge, Chilean insurrectionist, 237
Montt, Manuel, former Chilean president, 233
Moquegua district, Peru, sulphur-producing, 133
Morgan, Sir John, sacked Panama, 41, 45
Mountain travel, supplies for, 32, 33
Mule in Andean use, 33
National Library, Lima, 97
National Library, Santiago, 206
National Tax Collection Society, 176
Naturalization of foreigners in Peru, 176
Naval school at Talcahuano, 195
Nazarene, on San Juan River, 280
Negro element, in Panameñans, 44;
blacks engaged in Canal excavation, 50;
in railway building, 66;
in Peruvian population, 157, 158
Neill, Mr. Richard, Secretary American Legation, Lima, 96
New Orleans, distance from West Coast ports, 7, 11, 14, 63
New York, relative position with reference to West Coast ports, 7, 11;
distance from Colon, 12;
from Valparaiso, 12;
from Guayaquil, 14, 62;
from Callao, 14
New York Chamber of Commerce, statistics from, 13
Newspapers, Chilean, 199, 213–216
Nicaragua Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43
Nitrate kings, 184, 219
Nitrates of soda, exports from Chile, 16;
shipments from Iquique, 16, 186;
the product, 217–231, 276, 277
Noco, plain of, 86, 125
North, Colonel, the nitrate king, 184
Nudos in inter-Andine region, 67
Oaths, Spanish, 24
O’Higgins, liberator of Chile, 204, 232, 355
Old age attained by Bolivian peasants, 281
Olney, ex-Secretary, 357
Oranges of Pacasmayo, 79
Orcoma, nitrate district, 224
Oregon, Webster’s valuation of, 3
Oropesa, S. S., 191, 196
Oroya, on Central Railway, Peru, 101, 105, 107
Oroya Railway, same as Central Railway
Oruro, hotel at, 30;
town seen from hills, 293;
sketch of, 299;
tin and silver mines in vicinity, 314–317, 320
Osorno, colony at, 272
Otuzco district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
Ovalle, copper mines in the district of, 228
Pacasmayo, 79, 80
Pacific Company, concessions to, 147
Pacific Ocean, trade influenced by Canal, 1–20;
described by Friar Calancha, 57;
Pacific steamers, 57;
Southern ocean rough, 194
Pacific Steam Navigation Company, Valparaiso office, 249
Paita, distance from New York, 7;
from Panama, 12;
sketch of, 74–78;
selected as terminus of projected railroad, 147;
district, sulphur deposits, 133
Paita, Bay of, 6, 74
Pallasca district, Peru, silver-producing, 132;
lead deposits, 133
Palma, Dr. Ricardo, Director National Library, Lima, 97
Palta, or alligator pear, 28
Panama Bay, 58
Panama Canal, industrial development due to the, 1–20;
toll rates, 11, 15;
relation to Chilean trade, 16;
entrance, 37;
proposed routes, 40–43;
route adopted, 44;
villages and inhabitants along course, 44;
Culebra Cut, 45;
U. S. authority in Canal Zone, 46–50;
sanitation and hygiene in Canal Zone, 50–53;
American employees, 53–55;
instrument in development of Panama, 55;
Guayaquil trade will pass through, 62, 64;
Amazon traffic will pass through, via Paita, 78;
effect upon Callao, 84;
Peruvian traffic, 88, 125, 128, 131, 135, 139, 145, 183;
outlet for Cerro de Pasco mines, 107;
will further Italian immigration, 160;
relation to Iquique and the nitrates, 186, 227;
will tend to lower ocean freight charges, 188;
bearing on Valparaiso as harbor, 193;
relation to Punta Arenas, 199;
effect on Chilean commerce, 270;
value to Bolivia, 331, 332, 350
Panama, City of, distance from Colon, Guayaquil, Paita, Callao, Mollendo, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, and Valparaiso, 12;
growth of, 39;
sacking by Morgan’s buccaneers, 41, 45;
sketch of, 45;
distance from Guayaquil, 62
Panama, Isthmus of, 3;
sanitary conditions on, 18;
gold standard in, 19;
waterways which have been projected, 41;
Champlain conceived project of cutting through, 43;
geographical position, 43;
natives and villages, 44;
government of, 46, 47;
area, wealth, industries, and agriculture, 48;
good to be derived from Canal, 49
Panama Railway, 17;
statue to builders, 39;
hygienic work of, 39
Panameñans, the, 44
Pan-American Conference, 18
Pan-American trunk line, 4
Pando, General, former President of Bolivia, 345
Pandura, 303
Pansio silver mines, Chile, 230
Paper money prohibited in Peru, 178
Para, Peruvian rubber metropolis, 7
Pardo, Señor José, President of Peru, 169–172
Parties, political, in Chile, 246
Pataz district, Peru, silver-producing, 132
Patterson, William, his scheme for canal through Isthmus, 42
Paucartambo district, gold-producing, 132
Peachy, American traveller in Peru, 153
Pelicans, 79
Perez, Carlos, surveys and explorations of, 142
Perez, José Joaquin, former Chilean president, 233
Permanent Industrial Exhibition, 266
Pernambuco, distance from the Cape and New York, 12
Peru, relation to Canal, 2;
rubber industry, 7;
foreign commerce, 14, 15;
description, 73 et seq.
Peruvian Congress, 175
Peruvian Corporation of London, 101, 107, 119, 139, 140, 142, 143, 160, 161, 333
Peso, value of, 274
Petacas, or leather trunks, 32
Petroleum, fields of Peru, 78, 122, 131, 132;
districts which produce, 133;
deposits along shores of Lake Titicaca, 326;
crude product used in Caupolican Province, 326
Phillips, Mr., editor of La Lei, Santiago, 215, 216
Pichis, or central highway, 142–146
Pierola, General, President in 1896, 143, 167, 170, 177
Pinto, Anibal, former Chilean president, 235
Pisagua, in nitrate and guano region, 184
Pisco, 85
Piura, in northern Peru, 78
Piura region, aridity of, 76, 77;
cotton cultivation, 124, 147;
American project for irrigating, 125;
district produces petroleum and iron, 133
Pizarro, 41, 74, 80, 90, 92, 116
Plane, A., French engineer in Peru, 145
Playa Blanca, ore-smelters of Huanchaca Company at, 320
Political history of Chile, 232–247
Political parties in Chile, 246
Poöpo, Lake, 298;
tin mines in Province of, 314
Population, growth in South America, 3, 4;
in valley and mountain regions, 6;
in cereal region, 8;
in Ecuador, 70;
in trans-Andine country, 138;
in Peru, 151–163;
of Chile, 271, 272;
region between Oruro and La Paz, 306;
of Bolivia, 336–341
Porco, tin-mining district of Bolivia, 315;
silver deposits, 318;
copper, 322
Portugalete Pass, 291;
silver mines in district, 318
Postal service, 144
Potosi, silver mines, 293, 318, 319;
tin mines, 314–316;
need for railroad facilities, 319, 335
Prat, naval hero, statue to, 190
Presidential office, in Chile, 239;
in Bolivia, 344
Priests, in Chilean social life, 212;
Bolivian priesthood, 307
Prieto, Joaquin, former Chilean president, 233
Professional classes, dress of, 25
Projects for cutting through Isthmus, 40, 41
Protective policy of Chile, 266
Protestant churches in Peru, 174
Puchero, Spanish dish, 28
Pulacayo, most productive silver mine in South America, 294, 319
Puna, customs and quarantine port, 60
Puno, on Lake Titicaca, 121, 122;
district produces coal, petroleum, and mercury, 133
Punta Arenas, southernmost town, 198–200
Quail in barren country, 288, 292
Quarantine regulations, 33, 34, 63
Quiaca River, on Bolivian boundary, 379
Quichua, or aboriginal Indian race of Peru, 105, 154, 157, 281, 292, 293, 304, 338
Quicksilver mines of Huancavelica, 142
Quilca, 113, 114
Quinine industry, 329
Quinta Normal, or Agricultural Experiment Station, Santiago, 213
Quinua, native cereal, 307
Quiros River, irrigation from, 125
Quisma Cruz, or Three Crosses, in Oriental Cordilleras, 305
Quito, 65, 66
Racing a feature at Santiago, 213
Railroads, through Andes, 4, 162, 188;
line joining Buenos Ayres and Valparaiso, 5;
proposed Argentine and Bolivian lines, 5, 15;
passenger rates, 31;
development in Panama, 49;
lines and projects in Ecuador, 65–69;
survey through mining region, 70;
Peruvian line, 78;
road from Eten, 79;
project for road from Cajamarca, 80;
line from Chimbote, 82;
from Pisco to Ica, 85;
Central (Oroya) Railway, 100–107;
American syndicate road between Oroya and Cerro de Pasco, 107;
line to Lake Titicaca, 110;
extension from Sicuani, 119;
engineering in Province of Carabaya, 119;
projected line along Inambari River, 120;
motive power furnished by river Rimac, 130;
use of oil as fuel, 131;
Peruvian lines, 138–142, 145–150;
proposed line out from coffee district, 161;
road from Arica to Tacna, 182;
extension to La Paz, 183;
lines in nitrate district, 187, 219, 221, 222;
Copiapo Railway, 188;
passenger accommodations, 202;
William Wheelright’s road, 203;
Chilean railroad policy, 267–269, 275;
Bolivian roads, 278, 314, 332–336;
mines await railroads, 319–321;
Antofagasta and Oruro Railway, 336;
concession granted by Bolivia, 341;
treaty with Chile, 347, 348;
West Coast railway development, 351 et seq.
Raimondi, surveys of Department of Anacho, 130;
description of central plateau of Bolivia, 297
Raspadura channel, possible route across Isthmus, 43
Rates of transportation of products, 17, 18
Reclus, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, 42
Reconnaissance Report upon the Proposed System of Bolivian Railways, Sisson, 335
Recuay district, Peru, silver and coal producing, 132
Reloncavi, Bay of, at the head of Gulf of Ancud, 262
Revenue, of Peruvian government, 176;
of Bolivian, 346
Revolutions, in Peru, 164;
in Bolivia, 343
Rice product of Peru, 79, 129
Richest woman in the world, the widow Cousiño, 195
Riesco, President Jerman, of Chile, 247
Rimac valley, Peru, 103, 130
Rivadavia mission to Europe, 355
Road-building, in Panama, 49;
in Peru, 120
Roman Catholic Church, in Peru, 157, 174;
in Chile, 208, 242, 243;
attitude of roto toward, 253, 254;
in Bolivia, 307, 308
Romaña, ex-President Edward, of Peru, 115
Roosevelt, President, 47, 70, 357, 358
Root, Mr. Elihu, 357
Roto, 248–259, 264
Royal Andes, 280
Rubber, demand for, 7;
Ecuador’s product, 68, 69;
shipped through Mollendo, 88;
on San Gaban River, 120;
in Coast Region, Peru, 124;
Peruvian forests, 134–136, 138;
Bolivian product, 327, 328
Saddles for mountain travel, 32
Sailors, members of Chilean roto as, 254
Sala, Father, surveys and explorations of, 142
Salaverry, Peru, sugar from, 14;
volume of trade and unique inscription, 81
Salisbury, Lord, 357
Salt fields east of Punta de Lobos, 223
Saltpetre fertilizers, see nitrates
Sambo, origin of name, 158
San Bartholomew, tunnel in Chorolque district, 320
San Bartolomew, on Central Railway of Peru, 103
San Blas route proposed for Canal, 42
Sandia district, gold in, 120, 132
San Gaban River, 120
Sanitary conditions along Canal, 18, 50–52, 54, 55;
in Lima, 99, 100;
among Peruvian Indians, 157;
in Santiago, 207, 258, 259
San José mine, near Oruro, 300, 321
San Juan River, 324
San Leon, tunnel at entrance of Pulacayo mine, 319
San Lorenzo, Island of, in harbor of Callao, 85
San Martin, statue to, Santiago, 205
San Mateo, on Central Railway of Peru, 103
San Miguel Bay named, 41
Santa Cruz, Department of, gum forests awaiting development, 327;
the capital, 341
Santa Lucia, mountain in Santiago, 203–205
Santa Maria, Domingo, former Chilean executive, 236
Santa Rosa, ranch of, near Arequipa, 110
Santa Rosa valley, Bolivia, 282
Santiago, hotels at, 30, 31;
sketch of, 203–216;
social questions, 250;
savings bank, 256;
birth and death rates in province, 257
Santo Domingo, U. S. policy toward, 359
Santo Domingo gold mines, Province of Carabaya, 116, 119, 122
San Vicente, Sierra of, 292
Saracocha, Lake, 118
Savedro, Señor Don Angel, projected waterway through Isthmus, 42
Savings Bank, Santiago, 256
School system of Peru, 157;
school conducted in Aymará language, 304, 305;
Bolivian school system, 344, 345
Selfridge, Commander, 42
Sexes, even ratio of the, 337
Sheep-raising, 133, 264
Shipping interests of Chile, 270, 271
Sicasica, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, 304
Sicuani, 119
Silva, Mr., leader writer on El Mercurio, 215
Silver, in Ecuador, 70;
in Peru, 107, 131, 132;
in Chile, 229;
in Bolivia, 304, 318–321
Sinopsis Estadistica y Geografica de la Republica de Bolivia, 342
Siroche, or mountain sickness, 104, 118, 288–291
Sisson, W. L., 335
Smythe’s Channel, 196
Socavon of the Virgin, silver mine in Oruro district, 321
Social question in Chile, 207, 248–261
Socialistic doctrines at work in Chile, 254
Society, in Lima, 95, 96;
in Santiago, 210–213
Sol, Peruvian coin, 35, 177
Solano, Father Francis, founder of Franciscan Order in Peru, 98
Sorsby, Minister, of La Paz, 311
South America, 1854–1904, Akers, 364
South American Steamship Company offices burned by mob, 249
Southern Cross, 57
Southern Railway, 101, 120, 149, 334
Southernmost town of world, Punta Arenas, 198–200
Spanish administrative system to be moulded on American model, 48
Spanish-American, the, 2
Spanish language, needed by travellers, 21–25;
spoken in its purity at Lima, 95;
native hostility toward, 157, 338, 339
State ownership of Chilean railways, 267
Steamships, in West Coast foreign trade, 11;
in nitrate trade, 16;
in West Coast passenger service, 57, 58;
in Guayaquil trade, 62;
trading at Callao, 84;
at Valparaiso, 191;
in Chilean trade, 270, 271
Stephens, John L., statue to, 39
Strike in Valparaiso, 248, 249
Stumpff, engineer Elsa Mine, 324
Succession in office in Peru, 168
Suches, placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323
Sucre, 72
Sucre, old capital of Bolivia, 298, 311
Sugar-beet industry, 265
Sugar industry, in Peru, 14, 18, 127, 128;
in Ecuador, 69;
amount shipped via Pacasmayo, 79;
through Huanchaco, 80;
industry in Chile, 265, 266
Suipacha, on San Juan River, 280
Sulphur beds, near Bay of Sechura, 78;
on Lake Titicaca Railroad, 117;
Peruvian provinces which produce, 133
Supe, the landing-place, 82
Superunda, Count, memoirs of, 93
Taboga Isle, 45
Tacna, Pampas of, 224;
tin mines in district, 315
Tacora, Mt., in Bolivia, 183
Taft, Secretary, 47
Tagua, or ivory nut, Ecuador’s production of, 64
Talcahuano, naval port, 195
Taltal, nitrate shipping-port, 188
Tambilla, 292
Tambo de Mora, 86
Tambos, or inns, 31;
one at Majo, Bolivia, 279
Tarapacá, Province of, lost to Chile, 152, 217;
saltpetre region, 217–226
Tarata, sulphur-producing district, Peru, 133
Tarija, capital of agricultural region in southeast Bolivia, 341
Tarma, coal-mining district, Peru, 133
Taxes, in Peru, 176;
in Bolivia, 346
Tayacaja district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
Tehuantepec Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43
Telegraph line from Lima to Bermudez, 144
Telegraph line, monument commemorating completion of, Santiago, 205
Timber lands of southern Chile, 264
Tin product of Bolivia, 314–317, 320
Tipuani placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323
Tirapata, railroad station for mines of Carabaya Province, 119
Titicaca, Lake, trip from Arequipa to, 117–122
Tobacco, crop in Ecuador, 69;
tax in Peru set aside for railroads, 141
Toll rates through Canal, 13, 15
Tombs at Caracollo, 302, 303, 305
Trades unions in Chile, 250, 251
Travellers, should practise customs of natives, 21;
need for knowledge of Spanish, 21–25;
dress, 25;
eating and drinking, 26–29;
hotels, 29–31;
care of baggage, 31;
railroad fares and night trains, 31;
charges for embarkation and disembarkation, 32;
supplies for mountain travel, 32, 33;
fodder for animals, 33;
quarantine regulations, 33, 34;
money, 34;
diseases, 35;
friction with natives and officials in Peru, 175
Treasure islands, 73
Treaty between Bolivia and Chile ratified 1905, 347, 348
Treaty of Ancon, 83
Trujillo, 81
Trunks carried on pack animals, 32
Tucapel, West Coast vessel, 82
Tucker, surveys and explorations of, 142
Tucuman, 5, 188
Tumbez, 73, 74;
district, oil-producing, 131;
sulphur and petroleum deposits, 133
Tupiza, Bolivia, hotel at, 30;
sketch of, 283–286
Ubina Mountain, 286
Ucayali River, 137, 146
Union Club, Santiago, 211
Union district, Peru, gold-producing, 132
United States, trade with Argentine, 9;
with West Coast countries, 10;
policy toward Canal, 11;
direct benefit derived, 12;
authority in Canal Zone, 17–20, 37–40
University of San Marcos, Lima, 97
Uruguay, grain and cattle industries in, 8
Uyuni, Bolivia, 293–296, 315
V’s and VV’s, 102
Valdivia, Pedro, statue to, at Santiago, 203
Valdivia Province, 229, 264;
town, 272
Valparaiso, distance from Panama and New York, 12;
from Liverpool, 13;
hotels, 31;
sketch of, 189–194
Vegetable ivory, same as Ivory nut
Verrugas, on Central Railway of Peru, 103
Verrugas, or bleeding warts, 103
Vice-presidency in Chile, 243
Vicuña, Archbishop, memorials to, at Santiago, 204
Vicuña high-grade wool and rugs, 116, 122, 182
Vicuñas, 118, 133
Vilcanota River, 119
Village life in Bolivian Andes, 280 et seq.
Villamil family controlled Larecaja properties, 324
Villa Villa, Bolivia, 303
Villazon, Señor, Vice-president of Bolivia, 343
Viña del Mar, seashore resort near Valparaiso, 213
Vincocaya, 118
Vineyards of Pisco, 85
Vitor, 110
Vitor River, 113
Von Bülow, Chancellor, 358
Von Hassel, surveyor and explorer, 146
Von Sternberg, Baron, 358
Washington, Booker T., his work a subject of discussion, 215
Wateree, U. S. frigate, carried inland by tidal wave, 182
Water-fowl, 117
Watermelons of Pisco, 86
Webster, Daniel, 3
Weed-killing plant in use on tropical railway, 65
Werthemann, surveys and explorations of, 142
Wetherill system in San José smelting works, 321
Wheat shipped from central valley, 263
Wheelright, William, pioneer railroad builder of Chile and Argentina, 188, 190, 203
White Spirit of the Illimani, ancient deity of Bolivian Indians, 308
Whitehead, American traveller in Peru, 153
Wines, imported and native, 26;
Italia, wine made in Pisco district, 85
Wireless telegraphy station at southernmost town of the world, 199
Wolfe, surveys and explorations of, 142
Wolfram in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 203
Women, conductors on Santiago tramways, 205;
Chilean, 212;
Bolivian Indian, 309
Wood, Rev. Dr., Methodist clergyman in Lima, 162
Wool trade, 12, 264
Woollens needed by travellers, 25
Wyse, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, 42
Yani River placer washings, 324
Yauli, on Central Railway, Peru, 103;
silver and copper deposits, 132;
lead deposits, 133
Yauyos, coal-mining district, Peru, 133
Yavari River, frontier, rubber industry, 136
Yunca Indians, 154
Yura, iron and sulphur springs, 115
Yuracares, department of Cochabamba, produces a species of rubber tree, 327
Yurimaguas on the Huallaga River, 6, 80
Yuruma, village in Royal Andes, 280
Zambo, same as Sambo
Zaruma, centre of gold-mining region, 69
Zarzuela, or one-act comedy, 212

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INDEX