Parenthood and Race Culture: An Outline of Eugenics

Plato proposed to destroy the family, and to “practise every art that no mother should know her own child.” He also approved of infanticide. Nevertheless, this fifth book of the Republic is interesting and valuable reading, and it is especially well to note that this pioneer of Utopianism and Socialism possessed the idea which almost all living Socialists, except Dr. A. R. Wallace and Professors Forel and Pearson, lack, that we must first make the Utopian and Utopia will follow.

The Family. (1906.) By Elsie Clews Parsons.

This recent, scholarly and lucid book, of which any living man might well be proud, may follow the reading of the utterly unconcerned and taken-for-granted fashion in which Socrates and Plato proposed to destroy the family. Lecture VIII., on “Sexual Choice,” is brief, but the references following it are extremely valuable and complete. It is evident that one of the books which will have to be written on eugenics in the near future must deal with the whole question of marriage and human selection both in its historical and in its contemporary aspects.

“The Possible Improvement of the Human Breed under Existing Conditions of Law and Sentiment.” Nature, 1901, p. 659; Smithsonian Report, Washington, 1901, p. 523. By Francis Galton.

This was the Huxley Lecture of the Anthropological Institute in 1901, and the contemporary interest in eugenics may be said to date from it.

“Eugenics, its Definition, Scope and Aims.” (Sociological Papers. 1904.) By Francis Galton.

This remarkable lecture constituted a further introduction of the subject, and it is somewhat of the nature of an impertinence for the professional jester, who is not acquainted with a line of it, to dismiss eugenics with a phrase as if this lecture had never been written or were unobtainable. Mr. Galton there defined eugenics as “the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race....” The definition given in the Century Dictionary is unauthoritative, incorrect, and misses the entire point.

An extremely valuable discussion follows this lecture, and it is absolutely necessary for the student to acquaint himself with the whole of these pages (45–99).

Restrictions in Marriage: Studies in National Eugenics: Eugenics as a Factor in Religion. By Francis Galton.

These are memoirs communicated to the Sociological Society in 1905, and published together with the subsequent discussions in Sociological Papers (1905). The three memoirs are also published separately under one cover.

Probability, the Foundation of Eugenics. The Herbert Spencer Lecture of 1907. By Francis Galton.

This lecture contains a very brief historical outline of the recent progress of eugenic enquiry and a simple discussion of the mathematical method of studying heredity. It must, of course, be read by every serious student.

National Life from the Standpoint of Science. (1905.) By Karl Pearson.

This is a reprint of a lecture delivered by Professor Pearson in 1900, together with some other valuable contributions of his to the subject. There is scarcely a better introduction to eugenics.

The Scope and Importance to the State of the Science of National Eugenics. The Robert Boyle Lecture, 1907. (Second edition, 1909.) By Karl Pearson.

This fine lecture should be carefully read. It gives some index to the quantity and quality of the work done by Professor Pearson and his followers since the Francis Galton Eugenics Laboratory was founded.

Population and Progress. (1907.) By Montague Crackanthorpe, K.C.

Though only published recently, part of this book goes back far. The first chapter is indeed a reprint of a eugenic article published in the Fortnightly Review as far back as 1872. Some of us may perhaps be inclined to forget that more than a generation ago Mr. Crackanthorpe had grasped the great truths which we are now trying to spread, and had courageously expressed them in the face of ignorance and prejudice even greater than those of to-day. This is unquestionably a book which every student must read, but the press generally, with some notable exceptions, have fought rather shy of it. It was sent to the present writer at his request from a leading morning paper which trusts him, and he wrote a column on it, most careful in diction and moderate in opinion, which was, nevertheless, not printed. One of the leading medical papers devoted a long article to the book, written on the general principle that it is right for a medical paper to differ from any non-medical person who approaches the closed neighbourhood of medical enquiry. Another leading medical paper considered Mr. Crackanthorpe's “ideal” to be “beyond present accomplishment,” and feared it must have “many generations of probation before it could hope to enter the sphere of practical politics.” I venture to say that Population and Progress, dealing, as it does, with a subject that really matters, contains more fundamental practical politics—in the true sense of that word—than has been discussed in most of our current newspapers since they were first established.

Race-Culture or Race-Suicide. (1906.) By R. R. Rentoul.

This is a second and enlarged edition of a remarkable pamphlet published by Dr. Rentoul in 1903 under the title Proposed Sterilisation of Certain Mental and Physical Degenerates. An Appeal to Asylum Managers and Others. Dr. Rentoul's own description of this pamphlet is as follows:—“In it I called attention to the large and increasing number of the insane in the United Kingdom; to our disgraceful system of child-marriages; to the growing suicide rate; to our disgusting system of inducing certain mentally and physically diseased persons to marry; and to a slight operation which I was the first to propose as a means of checking the increase in the number of the insane, and in preventing innocent offspring from being cursed by some parental blemish.”

Education. (Originally published in 1861. New edition, with the author's latest corrections, 1906.) By Herbert Spencer.

This is the classic which marks an epoch in the personal development of every one who reads it, and which made an epoch in the history of education: the book was probably of more service to woman, owing to its liberation of girlhood, than any other of its century.

The Study of Sociology. (International Scientific Series. Originally published in 1873. Twentieth edition, 1903.) By Herbert Spencer.

This is, of course, the introduction to sociology, written for that purpose by a master, and in every respect a masterpiece. It contains many eugenic references and arguments. As far as the eugenic education of the adult is concerned, this is rightly the preliminary work.

Besides The Evolution of Sex and Mrs. Parson's book on The Family, there are many others relevant to the question of woman and eugenics, of which one or two may be noted here.

Sex and Society, Studies in the Social Psychology of Sex. (1907.) By W. I. Thomas.

This is a very readable and recent work, and for the general reader much the most suitable of any that I know.

Man and Woman. (Contemporary Science Series.) By Havelock Ellis.

A very clear and readable book.

Youth—its Education, Regimen and Hygiene. (1907.) By Stanley Hall.

This is a new and abbreviated version of Professor Stanley Hall's two well-known volumes on Adolescence, published in 1904. For the general reader this much smaller work is very suitable, and especial attention may be directed to Chapter XI., “The Education of Girls.”

It would have been presumptuous and absurd to attempt, in the course of a merely introductory volume, to deal, by anything more than allusion to its existence, with the great question of human parenthood in relation to race. Most urgently this question, of course, concerns the negro problem in America. The student who has to trust entirely to second-hand knowledge had best be silent. Lest, however, the reader should imagine that the older doctrines of race can be accepted without reserve, he will do well to study very carefully the latter part of Dr. Archdall Reid's book, already referred to, and, with extreme caution, the following:—

Race Prejudice. (1906.) By Jean Finot.

This book most of us must believe to be extreme, but it should be read: it bears on what may be called international eugenics, and the whole question of inter-racial marriage.

On matters of transmissible disease and racial poisons there is much literature. Only one or two books can be referred to here.

The Diseases of Society: The Vice and Crime Problem. (1904.) By G. F. Lydston.

This, of course, is not a pleasant book, and it is open to much criticism in many respects, but it is well worth reading, especially in association with Dr. Rentoul's work.

Malaria—A Neglected Factor in the History of Greece and Rome. (1907.) By W. H. S. Jones, with an introduction by Ronald Ross.

This is a recent historical study and may be a very substantial contribution to the study of decadence.

Alcoholism. (1906.) By W. C. Sullivan.

This little book of Dr. Sullivan's contains a useful and scrupulously moderate chapter on the relation of alcohol to human degeneration.

The Drink Problem. (1907.) By Fourteen Medical Authorities.

The Children of the Nation. (1906.) By Sir John Gorst.

Infant Mortality. (1906.) By George Newman.

The Hygiene of Mind. (1906.) By T. S. Clouston.

Diseases of Occupation. (1908.) By Sir T. Oliver.

The Prevention of Tuberculosis. (1908.) By A. Newsholme.

These volumes all deal in part with questions of racial poisoning and racial hygiene.

Alcoholism—A Study in Heredity. (1901.) By Archdall Reid.

Alcohol and the Human Body. (1907.) By Sir Victor Horsley and Mary D. Sturge.

Hygiene of Nerves and Mind. (The Progressive Science Series. 1907.) By August Forel.

Inebriety—Its Causation and Control. (The second Norman Kerr Memorial Lecture, published in the British Journal of Inebriety, January, 1908.) By R. Welsh Branthwaite.

Reports of the Inspector under the Inebriates Acts. Especially those for the years 1904, 1905, 1906.

The Cry of the Children: The Black Stain. (1907.) By G. R. Sims.

The above are especially recommended to politicians. Sooner or later, as never yet, knowledge will have to be applied to the drink question as it bears upon the quality of the race. The knowledge exists, and is not difficult to acquire or understand. The references given are quite sufficient to enable any one of mediocre intelligence to frame a bill dealing with alcohol which would be worth all its predecessors put together, and would arouse far less opposition than any one of them.

Reports of the National Conference on Infantile Mortality 1906 and 1908 (P. S. King & Co.). In the 1906 Report note especially Dr. Ballantyne's paper on the unborn infant, and in the 1908 Report, Miss Alice Ravenhill's paper on the education of girls.

It must be repeated that the foregoing names are merely noted as including, perhaps, the greater number of the books with which the serious beginner would do well to make a start. That is all. It would be both unfair and unwise, however, to omit any mention of at least three wonderful little books of John Ruskin's: Unto this Last, Munera Pulveris and Time and Tide, which add to their great qualities of soul and style some of the most forcible and wisest things that have ever been written on race-culture and its absolutely fundamental relation to morality, patriotism and true economics.

If the reader desires the name of only one book, that is certainly The Sexual Question (1908), by Professor August Forel. This has no rival anywhere, and cannot be overpraised.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

• Ability, inheritance of, 114
• “Acquired characters,” defined, 111
• Acquired characters, Lamarckian theory of the transmission of, 283
• —— progress, 262
• —— ——, dangers of, 265
• —— —— versus natural selection, 266
• Acquirements, transmission of, by the art of writing, 261
• —— versus inborn characters, 101
• Acromegaly, 67
• “Adam Bede”, 298
• “Adolescence,” by Prof. Stanley Hall, 318
• Alcohol, a racial poison, 211, 259
• ——, an agent of selection, 206
• —— and eugenics, 206
• ——, and heredity, 206
• —— and human degeneration, 242
• —— and parenthood, 241
• ——, effects of, on the racial organs, 208, 209 (note)
• ——, elimination by, 206
• ——, the friends of, 243
• —— trade, the, and widows and orphans, 245
• “Alcohol and Infancy,” by Dr. Saleeby, 214
• “Alcohol and the Human Body,” by Sir Victor Horsley and Mary D. Sturge, 319
• Alcoholic Imperialism, 244
• Alcoholism and the London County Council, 206
• ——, both a cause and a symptom of degeneracy, 217
• ——, parental, its influence on the offspring, 211
• “Alcoholism, a Chapter in Social Pathology,” by Dr. W. C. Sullivan, 211, 242, 319
• “Alcoholism, a Study in Heredity,” by G. Archdall Reid, 319
• Ancestral inheritance, the law of, xiv
• Ancestry of men of genius, 152
• ——, paternal and maternal, of equal importance, 152
• Animal life and monogamy, 163
• —— marriage, 162
• Animals and promiscuity, 163
• ——, the higher, and monogamy, 163
• Army, inferior intelligence of the, to that of the Navy, 98
• “Atavism,” defined, 111
• “Attic Nights, The,” of Aulus Gellius, 271 (note)
• Australia, control of drunkards in, 242
• “Autobiography” of Herbert Spencer, 58, 152
• “Avariés, Les,” by Brieux, 252
• Bacteria, domination of, 93
• ——, rate of increase of, 160
• Bibliography of eugenics, 305
• —— of racial poisons, 318
• —— of transmissible diseases, 318
• Biography, as a guide to heredity, 152
• ——, neglect of ancestral data in, 152
• “Biology and History,” by Dr. Saleeby, 254 (note)
• “Biology, The Principles of,” by Herbert Spencer, 312
• Biometrics, the study of, xiii
• Birth-rate, falling, eugenic aspect of the, 10
• —— in China, 78
• —— in Japan, 78
• —— of man, 72
• ——, statistics of, 74
• Births, ratio of, of the sexes, 294
• “Black Stain, The,” by G. R. Sims, 237, 319
• Body, the necessity of the, 53
• ——, relation of the, to the mind, 52
• Brains, breeding for, 54
• Breeding for brains, 54
• —— for energy, 66
• —— for intelligence, 147, 150, 153
• —— for motherhood, 145, 146
• Celibacy, non-eugenic results of, 116
• Census, the uselessness of the, 6, 94
• “Century Dictionary, The,” on eugenics, 314
• Characters, inborn, versus acquirements, 101
• Child-birth, superstition about, 106
• Children, eugenics and cruelty to, 295
• ——, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to, 295
• “Children of the Nation, The,” by Sir John Gorst, 319
• China, the birth-rate in, 78
• ——, racial state of, 274
• Church, non-eugenic action of the, 116
• Civic worth, 68
• Civilisation, ideal, 117
• Civilisations, the decay of, 255
• Cocaine, the racial influence of, 250
• “Collectivism, Individualism and,” by Dr. Saleeby, 101 (note)
• Colour-blindness, see Daltonism
• Conception, attitude of eugenics before and after, 30
• “Congenital” defined, 105, 112
• “Conscientiousness”, 117
• Crime, eugenics and, 177
• ——, theories of, 177
• ——, treatment of, 178
• Criminality and civic worth, 68
• “Cry of the Children, The,” by G. R. Sims, 237, 319
• Daltonism and heredity, 179
• “Dark ages,” caused by the celibacy of the fittest, 116
• “Darwinism To-day,” by Vernon L. Kellogg, 312
• “Data of Ethics, The,” by Spencer, 302 (note)
• Deaf-mutism and heredity, 173
• Death-rate, a low, the cause of the multiplication of man, 73
• ——, influence of density of population on the, 75
• ——, limitation of the, 78
• ——, statistics of the, 74
• Decadence, National, 279
• “Decadence,” by A. J. Balfour, 279
• “Degeneration,” defined, 25 (note)
• Degeneration, human, and alcohol, 217, 242
• ——, racial, 49
• “Descent of Man, The,” by Charles Darwin, 171, 191, 197, 279, 311
• “Deterioration,” defined, 25 (note)
• Diminution of offspring, the eugenic value of, 162
• Disease, latency of, 108
• Diseases, transmissible, bibliography of, 318
• “Diseases of Occupation,” by Sir Thomas Oliver, 247 (note), 319
• “Diseases of Society: The Vice and Crime Problem,” by G. K. Lydston, 318
• Domestics, the politics of the future, 33, 285
• “Drink Problem, The,” by Fourteen Medical Authorities, 319
• “Drink Problem, The,” by Mrs. Scharlieb, 214
• Drunkard, influence of the, on the race, 241
• ——, marriage and parentage of the, 220, 235
• ——, the habitual, control of, in various countries, 242
• ——, ——, treatment of, by the London County Council, 39 (note), 220–238
• Drunkenness, habitual, imprisonment as a treatment for, 218
• ——, increase of, 218
• Early Notification of Births Act, 33
• “Economic Classics”, 312
• Education, age at which to begin, 125
• —— and heredity, 128
• —— and inequality, 131
• —— and race culture, 120
• ——, eugenic, 139
• —— for parenthood, xii, 138
• ——, higher, of woman, non-eugenic effects of, xiii, 89
• —— in the principle of selection, 137
• ——, modern, the destruction of mind, 120
• ——, sexual, of children, 139
• ——, ——, of girls, 318
• ——, the limits of, 123
• ——, the provision of an environment, 12, 125
• ——, the real functions of, 136
• “Education,” by Herbert Spencer, 317
• Elephant, birth-rate of the, 72 (note)
• Emigration, the eugenic evils of, xi
• ——, a remedy for over-population, 84
• Energetic cost of reproduction, the, 87
• Energy, breeding for, 66
• ——, eugenic value of, 291
• Environment, education the provision of, 12, 125
• ——, effects of, 103
• ——, good, defined, 275
• —— and heredity, 126
• ——, of motherhood, the, 270
• Epilepsy, eugenics and, 176
• Erect attitude, the, 55
• “Essential Factor of Progress, The,” by Dr. Saleeby, 262
• Eugenic sense, the creation of a, 144
• Eugenics and alcohol, 206
• ——, bibliography of, 305
• —— and conception, 30
• —— and crime, 177
• —— and cruelty to children, 295
• —— and Daltonism, 179
• —— and hæmophilia, 179
• —— and insanity, 175
• ——, defined, viii, 315
• ——, epilepsy and, 176
• ——, feeble-minded, the, and, 174
• ——, higher education of woman, and, 89
• —— in Germany, 154
• ——, infant mortality, and, 20
• ——, international, xi
• ——, Nietzscheanism and, 28
• ——, politics and, 118
• ——, positive and negative, 172
• ——, present influence of, on marriage, 187
• ——, religion and, 303
• ——, the aims of, summarized, 276, 309
• ——, the classes of society and, 119
• ——, the length of marriage engagements and, 198
• ——, the morality of, 303
• ——, tuberculosis and, 178
• ——, unemployment and, 293
• ——, woman and, 294
• Eugenics Education Society, the, 222, 229, 230, 299
• —— —— ——, the history and objects of, 139
• —— —— ——, the Inebriates Committee and, 240
• —— —— ——, the reform of drunkards and, 241
• “Eugenics as a Factor in Religion,” by F. Galton, 315
• “Eugenics, Its Definition, Scope, and Aims,” by F. Galton, 314
• “Eugenics, National, Studies in,” by F. Galton, 315
• “Eugenics, National, The Scope and Importance to the State of the Science of,” by Karl Pearson, 315
• “Eugenics, Probability the Foundation of,” by F. Galton, 315
• “Eugenics, The Obstacles to,” by Dr. Saleeby, 175 (note)
• Evolution and progress, 48
• ——, introduction of the term, 48 (note)
• “Evolution of Marriage, The,” by Prof. Letourneau, 312
• “Evolution of Sex, The,” by Patrick Geddes and J. Arthur Thomson, 312
• “Evolution, the Master Key,” by Dr. Saleeby, 147
• “Evolution Theory, The,” by August Weismann, 311
• Examinations, mental emetics, 121
• “Family, The,” by Mrs. Elsie Clews Parsons, 161, 314
• Fatherhood, eugenic, importance of, 154
• ——, individual, 156
• Feeble-minded, eugenics and the, 174
• ——, the London County Council and the, 229
• ——, the Royal Commission on the, 215, 242
• “Fittest,” defined, 43
• France, effect of Napoleonic wars on, 284
• ——, increase of population in, 76
• Francis Galton Eugenics Laboratory, the, 315
• “French Revolution, The,” by Carlyle, 254 (note)
• Fulmar petrel, the multiplication of the, 73 (note)
• Generation, the independence of every, 3
• Genesis, individuation and, 87
• “Genetics, the Methods and Scope of,” by Prof. W. Bateson, 306
• Genius, infertility of, 287, 92
• ——, the production of, 289
• ——, the transmission of, 289
• ——, the value of, to the world, 291
• “Genius, British, A Study of,” by Havelock Ellis, 308
• “Genius, Hereditary,” by F. Galton, see Hereditary Genius
• Germany, eugenics in, 158
• ——, increase of population in, 76, 77
• “Germinal,” defined, 110
• Germ-plasm, immortality of the, 256
• “Germ-plasm, A Theory of Heredity, The,” by August Weismann, 208, 311
• Girls, the sexual education of, 318
• Great Britain, increase of population in, 76
• Greece, the fall of, 260
• Gymnasium versus playing fields, 63
• Hæmophilia and heredity, 179
• Hampstead, birth-rate of, the lowest in London, 78
• “Health, Strength and Happiness,” by Dr. Saleeby, 119 (note)
• “Hereditary Genius,” by F. Galton, 107, 114, 289, 302 (note), 307, 308
• Heredity, alcohol and, 206
• ——, biography a guide to, 152
• ——, Daltonism and, 179
• ——, deaf-mutism and, 173
• ——, education and, 128
• ——, environment and, 126, 269
• ——, hæmophilia and, 179
• ——, obscured by acquired characters, 99
• ——, race culture and, 99
• ——, tuberculosis and, 179
• “Heredity,” by Prof. J. A. Thomson, 99, 305
• “Heredity and Environic Forces,” Dr. T. D. MacDougal on, 212
• “Heredity and Selection in Sociology,” by George Chatterton-Hill, 311
• “Heredity, Alcoholism, A Study in,” by G. Archdall Reid, 319
• “Heredity, The Germ-Plasm, A Theory of,” by August Weismann, 311
• “Heredity, The Principles of,” by G. Archdall Reid, 311
• “History,” defined, 254
• “History of Human Marriage, The,” by E., Westermarck, 312
• “History of Matrimonial Institutions, A,” by G. E. Howard, 312
• “Human Breed, The Possible Improvement of the, etc.,” by F. Galton, 314
• “Human Faculty, Inquiries into,” by F. Galton, 308
• Humanitarianism, indiscriminate, 27
• Hygiene, individual and racial, 253
• ——, school, 65
• “Hygiene of Mind, The,” by T. S. Clouston, 319
• “Hygiene of Nerves and Mind,” by August Forel, 242, 319
• Imperialism, alcoholic, 244
• ——, the old and the new, 33, 34
• India as a wheat-producing country, 80
• Individual versus race, 256
• “Individualism and Collectivism,” by Dr. Saleeby, 101 (note)
• Individuation and genesis, 87
• Inebriates, see Drunkards
• —— Act, the, 222, 224, 225, 230
• —— ——, reports of the inspector under, 319
• —— Committee, the Report of the, 239
• Inebriety, see Drunkenness
• “Inebriety, Its Causation and Control,” by R. Welsh Branthwaite, 319
• Infancy, helplessness of, 3, 147, 148
• ——, the mind of, 124
• ——, the, of slum children, 102
• “Infancy, Alcohol and,” by Dr. Saleeby, 214
• Infant mortality, 19, 97, 104, 150, 207, 257, 294
• —— —— among the Jews, 274
• —— ——, eugenics and, 20, 29, 31
• —— ——, first public mention of, 33
• —— —— in the east, 76
• —— ——, polygamy and, 166
• —— ——, reports of the 1908 conference on, 320
• —— ——, the war against, 21
• “Infant Mortality,” by Dr. George Newman, 86, 319
• “Inherent,” defined, 109
• Inheritance, pecuniary, non-eugenic influence of, 101
• ——, see Heredity
• “Inquiries into Human Faculty,” by F. Galton, 92, 128, 290, 308
• Inquisition, anti-eugenic effects of the, 267
• Insanity, “breach of promise” and, 202
• ——, eugenics and, 175
• ——, increase of, 176
• Instinct, plasticity of, 148, 149
• Intelligence, breeding for, 147, 150, 153
• ——, the creation of, 149
• ——, nature and, 40
• “Intensity of life,” the, 91
• “Janus in Modern Life,” by Prof. Flinders Petrie, 22
• Japan, birth-rate in, 78
• ——, the racial development of, 268
• Jews, the, alcohol and, 275
• —— motherhood and, 274
• ——, the survival of, 272
• “Kingdom of Man, The,” by Sir E. Ray Lankester, 41 (note)
• Lamarckian theory of heredity, the, 134, 135, 208, 283
• —— —— of racial degeneration, 258, 261
• Lead, a racial poison, 247
• “Leviathan,” by Hobbes, 106 (note)
• Licensing Bill of 1908, the, 223, 232–237
• Life, the continuity of, 2
• London County Council, alcoholism and, 206
• —— —— ——, feeble-minded children and, 229
• —— —— ——, the treatment of inebriates by, 39 (note), 220–238
• —— Hospital, gift to, 11 (note)
• Longevity, marriage and, 191
• Love, eugenic value of, 70
• ——, motherhood and, 152
• ——, survival value of, 51
• ——, the two stages of, 186
• “Making of Character, The,” by Prof. MacCunn, 124
• Malaria, a racial poison, 260
• “Malaria, A Neglected Factor in the History of Greece and Rome,” by W. H. S. Jones, 260, 282, 319
• Man, the denudation and defencelessness of, 58
• ——, the foundation of Empire, 262
• ——, the future of, 299
• ——, the latest product of evolution, 55
• ——, the multiplication of, 71
• “Man and Woman,” by Havelock Ellis, 318
• Marriage, animal, 162
• ——, average age at, 90
• ——, breach of promise of, and race culture, 201
• ——, —— ——, the law of, 202
• ——, childless, 168
• ——, contemporary, eugenic value of, 198
• ——, control of, 184, 186
• ——, defined, 170
• ——, engagement of, eugenics and the length of, 198
• ——, eugenic, 309
• ——, ——, preparation for, 144
• ——, ——, utility of, 162, 163, 168
• ——, happiness in, extent of, 195
• ——, human, 164
• ——, inter-racial, xi
• ——, longevity and, 191
• ——, “mixed” games and, 196, 197
• —— of cousins, xii, 168
• —— of the deaf and dumb, 173
• ——, present influence of, on eugenics, 187
• ——, procreation, the paramount function of, 158
• ——, selection for, 189
• ——, ——, by woman, 194
• ——, socialism and, 198
• ——, survival-value of, 164
• —— systems, English and French, 199
• ——, the ball-room and, 196, 197
• ——, the field of choice in, 195
• ——, the Income Tax and, 174
• ——, the, of inebriates, 235
• ——, the sanctity of, 313
• ——, unselfish, 144
• “Marriage, Human, The History of,” by E., Westermarck, 312
• “Marriage, Restrictions in,” by F. Galton, 185, 204, 315
• “Marriage, The Evolution of,” by Prof. Letourneau, 312
• Married women's labour, 270
• “Mass versus mind”, 95
• Maternal care, development of, 150
• —— impressions, 111
• Maternalism, the principle of, 169
• Maternity, see Motherhood
• “Matrimonial Institutions, A History of,” by G. E. Howard, 312
• “Memories of my Life,” by F. Galton, vii, 308
• Mendelism, 108, 118, 293
• “Methods and Scope of Genetics, The,” by Prof. W. Bateson, 306
• Mind, selection of, 52
• ——, the ascent of, 300
• ——, the determinator of leadership, 59
• ——, the master in war, 97
• ——, the relation of, to the body, 52
• —— versus mass, 95
• —— —— muscle, 65
• “Mind, The Hygiene of,” by T. S. Clouston, 319
• “Mind, Hygiene of Nerves and,” by August Forel, 319
• Monogamy, eugenic value of, 165, 170
• ——, survival-value of, 166
• —— the ideal condition, 150
• —— the rule among higher animals, 163
• Morality, survival-value of, 51
• Morphinomania, parental, its influence on the offspring, 212
• Motherhood, 169
• —— and love, 152
• ——, breeding for, 145, 146
• —— carried on by unskilled labour, 151
• —— during the decline of Rome, 270, 271 (note)
• ——, education for, 151
• ——, history and, 269
• ——, Jewish, 274
• ——, psychical, 151, 153
• ——, the elevation of, 32
• ——, the environment provided by, 269
• ——, the evolution of, 149
• ——, the safeguarding of, 170
• ——, the subsidisation of, 151
• Mothers, school for, 151
• Multiplication of man, a low death-rate the cause of, 73
• —— ——, the laws of, 86
• —— ——, the rate of, 90
• —— of the unfit, 189, 279
• “Munera Pulveris,” by John Ruskin, 302 (note), 320
• Muscle, right training of, 62
• ——, the cult of, 60
• —— versus Mind, 65
• Muscles, useless, 61
• Narcotics, irritant and non-irritant, 251
• ——, possible racial influence of, 250
• “National Life from the Standpoint of Science,” by Karl Pearson, 279, 315
• “Natural Inheritance,” by F. Galton, 308
• Natural selection, 35 et seq.
• —— —— and racial degeneration, 260
• —— —— versus acquired progress, 266
• Nature, the cruelty of, 38
• “Nature,” defined, 110
• “Nature of Man, The,” by Metchinkoff, 90
• Navy, superior intelligence of the, to that of the Army, 98
• “Nemesis of Nations, The,” by W. R. Paterson, 281
• New Zealand, control of drunkards in, 242
• Nicotine, racial influence of, 251
• Nietzscheanism, eugenics and, 28
• Nitrogen, the fixation of, 81
• “Noteworthy Families”, 114 (note)
• “Nurture,” defined, 110
• “Obstacles to Eugenics, The,” by Dr. Saleeby, 175 (note)
• Opinion, individual, power of, 138
• ——, public, the education of, 14, 15
• ——, the creation of, 138
• Opium, possible racial influence of, 251
• “Ordeal of Richard Feverel, The,” by George Meredith, 112 (note)
• “Origin of Species, The,” by Charles Darwin, vii, 73 (note), 311
• “Origin of Vertebrates, The,” by Dr. W. H. Gaskell, 50 (note)
• Overcrowding, 20
• —— and tuberculosis, 181
• —— and unemployment, 293
• Parenthood, alcohol and, 241
• ——, classification of society for, 104 (note)
• ——, education for, xii, 138
• ——, eugenic power of, 199
• —— of inebriates, 220
• ——, selection for, vii, viii
• ——, the elevation of, 293, 294
• ——, the link of life, 3
• ——, the most desirable, 91
• ——, the rise of, 161
• ——, the sanctity of, 138
• Parents, selection of, 4
• ——, proportion of, to population, 4
• Paris, hospitals in, 247
• Physique, eugenic, importance of, 69
• Playing fields versus gymnasia, 63
• Politics, defined, 286
• ——, domestics the future, 33, 285
• ——, eugenics and, 118
• “Politics,” Aristotle's, 167
• Polygamy and infant mortality, 166
• ——, significance of, 165
• Population, density of, influence of the, on the death rate, 75
• ——, increase of, and the food supply, 79
• ——, ——, emigration a remedy for, 84
• ——, ——, safe extent of, 93
• ——, ——, statistics of, 75, 76
• ——, quantity versus quality of, 93
• ——, starvation a controller of, 84
• ——, statistics of, as data for prophecy, 93
• ——, survival-value of, 90, 91
• ——, the test of, 95
• “Population and Progress,” by Montague Crackanthorpe, 315
• “Population, The Principles of,” by T. R. Malthus, 83, 85, 312
• “Possible Improvement of the Human Breed, etc.,” by F. Galton, 314
• Posterity, our duty to, 10
• “Poverty and Hereditary Genius,” by Constable, 308
• Prevention of Crimes Act, The, 179 (note)
• “Prevention of Tuberculosis, The,” by Dr. A. Newsholme, 319
• “Principles of Biology, The,” by Herbert Spencer, 86, 312
• “Principles of Heredity, The,” by G. Archdall Reid, 311
• “Principles of Population, The,” by T. R. Malthus, see “Population, The Principles of”
• “Probability, the Foundation of Eugenics,” by F. Galton, 315
• Progress, acquired, see Acquired progress
• —— defined, 50, 303
• ——, evolution and, 48
• —— of achievement, and of the race, 4
• ——, racial and acquired, 262
• “Progress, Population and,” by Montague Crackanthorpe, 315
• Promiscuity among animals, 163
• Public opinion, education of, 14, 15
• Quality versus quantity, 293
• Race, immortality of, 256
• —— versus individual, 256
• Race-culture and human variety, 297
• ——, education and, 120
• ——, socialism and, 133
• ——, the promise of, 287
• “Race-Culture or Race Suicide,” by R. R. Rentoul, 316
• “Race Prejudice,” by Jean Finot, 318
• Racial degeneration and natural selection, 260
• —— ——, cause of, 263
• —— ——, the Lamarckian theory of, 258, 263
• —— instinct, education of the, xii
• —— poisons, the, x, 246
• —— —— and decadence, 259
• —— ——, bibliography of, 318
• “Racial poisons,” introduction of the term, 205
• “Racial Hygiene or Negative Eugenics,” by Dr. Saleeby, 205
• Racial senility, the fallacy of, 256
• “Reformatory,” the word, 238
• Regression towards mediocrity, the law of, 288
• Religion, eugenics and, 303
• ——, the survival-value of, 303
• “Religion, Eugenics as a Factor in,” by F. Galton, 315
• Religious persecution, non-eugenic results of, 116, 264
• Reproduction, the cost of, in energy, 87
• “Republic, The,” of Plato, 166, 313
• “Restrictions in Marriage,” by F. Galton, 185, 204, 315
• Reversed selection, 265
• —— ——, the final cause of racial decay, 264, 266
• —— ——, war a cause of, 284
• “Reversion,” defined, 111
• Rome, the decline of, 281
• ——, motherhood during the decline of, 270
• Russia, increase of population in, 76
• —— as a wheat-producing country, 80, 81
• “School hygiene”, 65
• “Scope and Importance to the State of the Science of National Eugenics, The,” by Karl Pearson, 315
• Selection, alcohol an agent in, 206
• —— and racial change, 260
• —— by marriage, 189
• —— for parentage, vii, viii
• ——, natural, see Natural Selection
• —— of mind, 52
• —— of woman, for marriage, 189
• ——, reversed, see Reversed Selection
• ——, sexual, 67, 190, 197, 202
• ——, the principle of, education in, 137
• “Sex and Society,” by W. I. Thomas, 317
• “Sex, The Evolution of,” by Patrick Geddes and J. Arthur Thomson, 312
• “Sexual Choice”, 314
• Sexual education of children, 139
• —— —— of girls, 318
• —— selection, 67, 190, 197, 202
• “Sexual Selection in Man,” by Havelock Ellis, 202
• “Sexuel Frage, Die” (The Sexual Question), by August Forel, 130, 242, 253, 320
• Siegfried, the story of, 304
• “Social Psychology,” by Dr. McDougall, 117
• Socialism and education, 129, 130, 132
• —— and marriage, 198
• —— and race-culture, 133
• —— and selection for marriage, 194
• Society, the classification of, and eugenics, 119
• ——, classification of, for parenthood, 104 (note)
• “Society, The Diseases of,” by G. F. Lydston, 318
• “Society, Sex and,” by W. I. Thomas, 317
• “Sociological Papers”, 41, 114 (note), 185 (note), 279, 289, 314, 315
• Sociological Society, the, 275
• “Sociology, Heredity and Selection in,” by G. Chatterton-Hill, 311
• “Sociology, The Study of,” by Herbert Spencer, 317
• Soldiers, mistaken muscular training of, 63
• Spain, the racial condition of, 267, 268
• “Spontaneous,” defined, 215
• Starvation as a controller of population, 84
• ——, extent of, in England, 82
• Stepney, birth-rate of, the highest in London, 78
• Sterilization of mental and physical degenerates, 316
• Strength versus skill, 62
• “Struggle for existence,” the, 42, 83, 280
• “Studies in National Eugenics,” by F. Galton, 315
• “Studies in the Psychology of Sex”, 202
• “Study of British Genius, A,” by Havelock Ellis, 308
• “Study of Sociology, The,” by Herbert Spencer, 192, 317
• “Survival of the fittest,” the, 43, 49
• Survival-value, 46
• —— of love, 51
• —— of monogamy, 51
• —— of population, 90, 91
• —— of religion, the, 303
• —— of the tape-worm, 47
• ——, physical versus psychical, 50
• “Survival-Value of Religion, The,” by Dr. Saleeby, 303
• Syphilis, a racial poison, 252
• “Syphilology and Venereal Diseases,” by Dr. C. F. Marshall, 253
• Talent, the production of, 290
• Tape-worm, survival value of the, 47
• Tasmanians, racial disappearance of the, 257
• Taubach, the Driftmen of, 59
• Temperance legislation, the failure of, 236
• “Time and Tide,” by John Ruskin, 96, 131, 254 (note), 296, 320
• Tobacco and the race, 257
• ——, influence of, on pregnancy, 252
• Tuberculosis, eugenics and, 179
• ——, heredity and, 180
• ——, overcrowding and, 181
• ——, racial extermination by, 260
• “Tuberculosis, The Prevention of,” by A. Newsholme, 319
• Unemployment, eugenics and, 293
• ——, overcrowding and, 293
• United States, control of drunkards in the, 242
• —— ——, higher education of woman in the, 89
• —— ——, increase of population in the, 76
• —— ——, the, a wheat-producing country, 80, 81
• “Unto this Last,” by John Ruskin, 320
• Variation, 297
• “Variation, Heredity and Evolution,” by R. H. Lock, 311
• “Variations in Animals and Plants,” by H. M. Vernon, 311
• Vertebrates, evolution of the, 55
• Vital economy, the principle of, 17, 19
• War, a cause of reversed selection, 284
• ——, mind the master in, 97
• Wealth, Ruskin's definition of, 17
• “Westminster Gazette, The,” on the population and the food supply, 79
• Wheat, improvement in, 82
• —— problem, the, 79
• “Wheat Problem, The,” by Sir William Crookes, 80
• Wheat, Prof. Biffen's, 109
• Whiskey, defined, 232
• “Widows and Orphans,” and the alcohol trade, 245
• Woman and eugenics, 193, 294
• ——, employment of, 294
• ——, the higher education of, non-eugenic effects of, 89
• Women, married, and labour, 270
• ——, secret drinking by, 232
• ——, selection for marriage by, 194
• Work, the eugenic necessity of, 264
• Writing, the art of, as a means of transmission, 261
• “Yellow Peril,” the, 78, 269
• “Youth, its Education, Regimen and Hygiene,” by Stanley Hall, 318