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Pharmacologia / Fourth American, from the Seventh London Edition cover

Pharmacologia / Fourth American, from the Seventh London Edition

Chapter 85: NARCOTICS.
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About This Book

This manual analyzes the operations of medicinal bodies and organizes drugs by their physiological effects, then develops the theory and practical art of prescribing, emphasizing how each ingredient contributes to a formula and how combinations determine potency. It offers a historical overview, explicit principles for dose and equivalence, and a collection of instructive prescriptions with tabular synopses for rapid reference. Supplementary material includes an instrument and scales for calculating active-matter equivalents among preparations, explanatory notes on pharmaceutical practice, and an index of described patent remedies and nostrums.

A SYNOPSIS
OF THE
Principles of Combination,
AS INVESTIGATED IN THE PRECEDING PAGES,
ARRANGED IN A TABULAR FORM
SO AS TO AFFORD THE STUDENT AN EASY
REFERENCE TO THE KEY LETTERS.

A Synopsis of the Principles of Medicinal Combination.

OBJECT I.
TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS.

Key Letters.
 
A
A.—By combining the several different forms, or preparations of the same Substance.
B
B.—By combining the Basis with Substances which are of the same Nature, i. e, which are individually capable of producing the same effects, but with less energy than when in combination with each other.
C
C.—By combining the Basis with Substances of a Different Nature, and which do not exert any Chemical influence upon it, but are found by experience, or inferred by analogy, to be capable of rendering the stomach, or system, more susceptible of its action.

OBJECT II.
TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS, BY OBVIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION.

D
A.—By CHEMICALLY neutralizing, or MECHANICALLY separating, the offending ingredient.
E
B.—By adding some substance calculated to guard the stomach, or system against its deleterious effects.

OBJECT III.
TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO, OR MORE MEDICINES.

F
A.—By uniting those Medicines which are calculated to produce the SAME ULTIMATE RESULTS, but by modes of operation totally different.
G
B.—By combining Medicines which have entirely different powers, and which are required to obviate different symptoms, or to answer different indications.

OBJECT IV.
TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AFFORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE.

H
A.—By combining Medicines which excite different actions in the stomach and system, in consequence of which NEW, or MODIFIED RESULTS are produced.
 
B.—By combining substances which have the property of acting CHEMICALLY upon each other; the results of which are
I
  a. The Formation of New Compounds.
K
  b. The Decomposition of the Original Ingredients, and the developement of their more active elements.
 
C.—By combining Substances, between which no other change is induced than a diminution, or increase in the Solubility of the principles in which their Medicinal virtues reside.
L
  a. By the intervention of Substances that act CHEMICALLY.
M
  b. By the addition of Ingredients whose operation is entirely Mechanical.

OBJECT V.
TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM.

N
  a. By which the Efficacy of the Remedy is enhanced.
O
  b. By which its Aspect or Flavour is rendered more agreeable, or its mode of administration more convenient.
P
  c. By which it is Preserved from the spontaneous decomposition to which it is liable.

NARCOTICS.