INDEX
- Æther or empty space, 107
- Analogy, positive and negative, 271
- Analysis of Sensations (Mach), 292
- Animal Intelligence (Thorndike), 30
- Animal learning, study of, 29 ff.
- Thorndike’s laws of, 31 f.
- learned reactions, 35 f.
- A priori, causation not regarded as, 150
- knowledge, 249 f., 265
- probability, on Keynes’s theory, is, 274
- logic, 296
- Aristotle, 226
- Association, principle of, 33 f., 48, 64, 180
- Aston, Dr. F. W., 99
- Atom, theory of the, 98 ff.
- centre from which radiations travel, 157
- philosophical consequences of modern study of the, 293
- Attention, 205
- Bacon, 80
- Behaviourism, its view of man, 70 ff.
- where it breaks down as a final philosophy, 129
- dilemma put to, 133
- its propositions as to thought examined, 169 ff.
- and logic, 263
- Behaviourism (Watson), 22, 31, 33
- “Belief”, 254, 258 ff.
- definition of, 261
- Beliefs, defects in common, 3 ff.
- Bergson, 71, 73, 198
- Berkeley, 246 f.
- Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage (Cannon), 218
- Body, human, 25, 139
- Bohr, Niels, his addition to the theory of atoms, 101 ff.
- Bradley, monistic view of, 251
- criticism of his argument against relations, 252
- Braithwaite, R. B., 269
- Brentano, 202
- Broad, Dr., 188, 195, 282, 292
- Buddha, 227
- Butler, Samuel, 71
- Cannon, 218
- Cantor, Georg, 296
- Casuistry, 225
- Causation, as an a priori belief, 5, 150
- notion of “necessary” sequence, 115
- conception of, in science, 144 ff.
- “Cause”, Kant’s category of, 248 f.
- “Chrono-geography”, 283
- Cognition, 61, 202 f., 217
- Conation, 202
- Conception, 203
- “Conditioned reflexes”, 35
- Confucius, 227
- Conscience, 228
- “Consciousness”, 60
- William James’s views on, 210
- two different meanings of the word, 210
- criticism of common sense view of, 211 ff.
- self, 214
- William James’s views approved, 217
- one kind of mnemic effect, 288
- Continuity in nature, 108
- Correlation, laws of, 117
- Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 249
- Curiosity, 220
- Dalton, 98
- “Data”, 266 f., 276
- De Broglie, 278
- Decalogue, the, 227
- Descartes, 9, 162 ff., 237 ff.
- Desire, behaviourist view of, 90 f.
- introspective view of, 221 ff.
- Dewey, John, 292
- Discontinuity in nature, 101, 106, 108
- Dreams, 62, 127, 175, 176, 185, 189, 193
- Dualism of mind and matter, 141, 239
- Ductless glands, the, 218
- Eddington, Professor, 273, 279
- Education, 233
- Einstein, 96, 116, 239, 242, 249
- Electron, 99 ff., 118, 145
- “Emergent” properties, 282
- Emotions, essential physiological conditions of the, 118
- subject to “Conditioning”, 119
- generate irrational opinions, 120
- Energy, radiation of, from matter into empty space, 145
- propagation in empty space, 145
- impact on matter in empty space, 146
- Essays in Radical Empiricism (William James), 210, 292
- Ethics, views of the ancients on, 227
- theory that virtue consists in obedience to authority, 227 ff.
- utilitarian theory of, 229 f.
- the concept of “good”, 230
- mainly social, 233
- the supreme moral rule, 234 f.
- Events, in physics, 110 f.
- string of, 118 f.
- “mental”, 141, 280 ff.
- structure and mathematical laws of, 157
- minimal, 277
- matter constructed out of, 278
- Experience, effects of, in a reaction to stimulus, 180 ff.
- Familiarity, a stage in memory, 195 f.
- Fear and Rage, 219
- Feeling, as mental occurrence, 202
- Forces, 111, 114, 117, 120 f.
- Form, reaction to, 85 f.
- Freudian “unconscious” the, 221
- Galileo, 80
- Generalisations, 271 f.
- Geodesic, 112, 117
- Geometry, as empirical as geography, 249 f.
- Gestaltpsychologie, 37, 41, 43, 68, 247
- Gravitation, 116 f., 145, 279
- Griffith, Mr. Percy, 118
- Habit-formation, 36
- Habit-memory, 188, 196
- Hegel, 227, 229, 251
- Heisenberg, 96, 105, 278, 293
- Heisenberg-Schrödinger theories of atomic structure, 243
- Heraclitus, 251
- Huc, Monsieur, 232
- Hume, 180, 191, 247 f.
- Images, visual, auditory and tactual, 176
- behaviourist explanation of, 177 f.
- difference between sensations and, 179 ff.
- definition of, 184 f.
- first stage in memory, 195
- Imagination, analysis of, 190 ff.
- essence of, 191
- exceptional gifts of, 193
- and belief, 193 f.
- difference between memory and, 194
- Induction problem of validity of, 14
- as a practice, 80 f.
- principle of, 268 f.
- logical problem of, 269 ff.
- Mr. Keynes’s examination of, 270 ff.
- Inference, “physiological”, 13, 80 ff., 135
- syllogistic, 79
- inductive and mathematical, 83 ff.
- “Innate ideas”, doctrine of, 245
- Interval, space-like and time-like, 110 f.
- Introspection, 10, 11, 12, 172 f., 201 ff.
- James, William, 210, 223.
- Kant, 80, 201, 239, 248, 296
- Keynes Mr., on problems of induction, 269 ff.
- Köhler, 37 ff.
- Knowing, as mental occurrence, 202
- Knowledge, as displayed in reactions to environment, 17 ff.
- perceptual, 58 ff.
- behaviourist view of, 88 ff.
- difference between introspective and other, 215
- a priori, 249 f.
- limitations on, imposed by structure of language, 264 f.
- Knowledge-reaction, 216, 282
- Language, as a bodily habit, 43 ff.
- psychological side of, 48
- words in an ideal logical, 256 f.
- and things, relation between, 264
- Laws, causal, 144 ff.
- evidence for, 147
- universal characteristics of, 149
- Learning, laws of, 23, 29 ff.
- two ways of, 39
- in infants, 41, 48
- by increase of sensitivity, 95 f.
- Leibniz, 239, 241 f.
- Le Problème logique de l’induction (Jean Nicod), 269, 273
- Locke, 244 ff.
- Logic, 263, 296
- “Logical atomism”, 248
- Mach, 214, 292
- Man, his relation to the Universe, 292, 295, 298 ff.
- Materialism, as a philosophy, 159
- Mathematical Theory of Relativity (Eddington), 283
- Matter, the structure of the atom, 98 ff.
- essence of, 146 f.
- as conceived in modern physics, 157, 293
- old view of, now untenable, 158 ff.
- constructed out of events, 278
- permanence of, only approximate, 279
- possibly a structure of mental units, 290
- Maxwell’s equations, 107, 145
- Meaning, 52, 71, 82
- Meinong, 202
- Memory, behaviourist theory of, 71 ff.
- its reference to the past, 188 ff.
- feeling of pastness complex, 190
- more fundamental than imagination, 190
- vital difference between imagination and, 194
- Dr. Broad’s view on reference to the past, 195
- stages of, 195 ff.
- immediate, 196 f.
- true recollection, 197 ff.
- trustworthiness of, 199
- Memory and testimony, 5 ff.
- Mendeleev, 99
- “Mental” events, 114, 141 f., 280 f.
- “Mental” occurrences, 201, 212
- Mentality of Apes (Köhler), 37 ff., 62
- Mill, J. S., his canons of induction, 269 f.
- Mind and matter, conventional notions of, 141
- distinction between, illusory, 142, 201
- gap between, how filled in, 148
- interaction between, 150
- theory of “neutral monism”, 206 ff.
- Cartesian dualism, 239
- Leibniz’s theory of, 241
- Mind, a cross-section in a stream of physical causation, 150
- modern conception of, 280 ff.
- emergent from events, 284
- definitions of a, 285 ff.
- Minkowski, 239
- Mneme (Semon), 49
- “Mnemic” effects, 49, 209, 295
- “Mnemic” occurrences, 49, 180 f.
- Monads, 241
- Monists and pluralists, controversy between, 251 ff.
- pluralism the view of science and common sense, 253
- Moore, Dr. G. E., on notion of “good”, 230
- “Moral issues”, 227
- Motion, 119, 163
- Mystics, 229, 264, 300
- Names, 53
- Necessity, anthropomorphic notion of, 115, 117
- “Neutral monism”, theory of, 206 ff., 210, 282, 292
- Newton, 242
- Nisbet, R. H., on probability, 275
- Object, what happens when we see an, 146 f.
- Objective and subjective study, 30
- Objectivity, 154 f., 169
- Ogden and Richards, Messrs., 52
- Parmenides, monistic view complete in, 251
- Parry, Professor R. B., 292
- Perception, difference between introspection and, 10 f.
- a species of sensitivity, 59, 123
- and inference, 65 f.
- from objective standpoint, 66 ff.
- of external event, analysis of, 123 ff.
- element of subjectivity in, 130 ff.
- and causal laws of physics, 145 ff.
- its relation to the object causal and mathematical, 149
- from introspective standpoint, 201 ff.
- Perceptive knowledge, stages in act of, 18 ff.
- Percepts, 133, 135, 137 ff.
- Perspective, 152
- Philosophy, the business of, 2, 236
- Behaviourism as a, 129 ff.
- Utilitarian, 229 f.
- systems of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, 237 ff.
- Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, 244 ff.
- conscious purpose of, 299
- Physics, modern, 97
- causal laws in, 114 ff., 145 ff.
- and perception, 123 ff.
- spatial relations in, 137 ff.
- our knowledge of, 151 ff.
- only mathematical properties of, discoverable, 157
- less deterministic than formerly, 239
- and psychology, 282, 289
- Pictures, as representations, 183
- “Planck’s Constant”, 101 f.
- Plato, 226
- Poetry, 220
- Probability, fundamental in science, 274
- a priori on Mr. Keynes’s theory, 274
- “frequency”, theory of, 274 f.
- Psychology, 16, 172, 184
- and physics, 282, 289
- “Psychophysical parallelism”, 238
- “Public good”, the, 230
- Publicity, in the case of physical phenomena, 170
- Quantum changes, 106
- Radio-activity, 99, 103
- Reactions, learned, 21, 33, 35, 36, 49, 81
- Realism, naive, 175
- Recognition, two forms of, 196
- Recollection, true, 197 ff.
- Relations, Bradley’s argument against, 252
- cause of confusion about, 264
- Relativity, theory of, “space-time” instead of one cosmic time and space, 108
- some results of the, 108 ff.
- “events” instead of bodies moving, 110
- relations between “events”, 110 f.
- no “forces” in the, 111
- philosophical consequences of the, 293
- “Right conduct”, 230
- Rutherford, Sir E., 99, 101
- Santayana, Mr., 230
- Schiller, Dr. F. C. S., 79
- Schrödinger, 98, 105, 278, 293, 294
- Self-observation, 126, 161 ff.
- basis of Descartes’s system, 162 ff.
- Dr. Watson’s views, 167 ff.
- gives knowledge not part of physics, 175
- Semon, 49, 180
- Sensation, difference between images and, 179
- acoleuthic, 197
- as opposed to perception, 204
- Sensitivity, 59 f., 88, 123, 177
- Sentences, 51, 54, 75, 255, 264
- Sequence, laws of, 116
- Shakespeare, 192
- Sheffer, Dr. H. M., 282, 292
- Sight, compared with touch, 156 f.
- Size, sense of, 153
- Socrates, 226
- “Solipsism”, 291
- Sommerfeld, 103
- Space, one persistent, abolished in relativity theory, 108
- physical and perceptual, 137 ff., 241 f., 294
- Space-time, in theory of relativity, 108 ff.
- structure of, 145
- point-instant in, 278
- “Specious present”, 195, 197
- Spinoza, 238, 251
- Stars and Atoms (Eddington), 279
- “Statement”, definition of a, 260
- Subjectivity, 129, 133, 135, 154 f.
- Substance, 5, 242 ff., 293
- Syllogism, the, 80
- Syntax, influence of, on philosophy, 243
- connection between laws of physics and laws of, 263
- Talking without thinking, 190
- Tendency, quantitative laws of, 144
- Testimony, 11 f., 170
- The Analysis of Matter (Bertrand Russell), 278
- The Meaning of Meaning (Ogden and Richards), 52
- The Mind and Its Place in Nature (Dr. Broad), 76, 188, 282
- Thorndike’s “provisional laws”, 31 ff.
- Thought, 163 ff., 174, 240, 263
- Time, not cosmic, 108 ff., 158
- Touch, compared with sight, 156
- Treatise on Probability (Keynes), 269 ff.
- Truth, 94, 261 f.
- Truth and Falsehood, causes of mystery about, 254
- two questions in, 254 ff.
- meaning of a sentence examined, 255 f.
- grounds on which statements are regarded as true or false, 257
- ultimate test of falsehood, 258
- “belief”, 258 ff.
- problems of, 259 ff.
- Universals, 53, 203
- Universe, the, philosophy concerned with, 236
- man’s relation to, 298 ff.
- “Unlearned Equipment”, 22
- Utilitarian philosophy, 229 f.
- Vitalists, 25
- Volition, 61
- Watson, Dr. J. B., 10, 21, 22, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 70 ff., 126 ff., 162, 167 ff., 177, 188, 219, 223, 259
- Waves in empty space, 107 f.
- Whitehead, Dr., 159
- “Will”, 223 f.
- Willing, as mental occurrence, 202
- Winds of Doctrine (Santayana), 230
- Wish-fulfilment and dread-fulfilment, 194
- Wittgenstein, 264
- Words, purpose of, 11 f.
- as physical occurrences, 44 ff.
- spoken and written, 46 f.
- how acquired by infants, 48 ff.
- meaning of, 52, 256
- relations of, 56
- in an ideal logical language, 256 f.
- World, the physical, nature of our
- knowledge of, 151 ff.
- a four-dimensional continuum of events, 293
- our knowledge of, purely abstract, 295
THE END