WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
Physical Geography cover

Physical Geography

Chapter 69: ASIA.
By Mary Somerville
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

Science - Earth/Agricultural/Farming

About This Book

A systematic survey of the planet’s physical features and the processes that made them, beginning with the earth’s place in the solar system and the geological and geodetic methods used to measure its form and interior. It proceeds to characterize major landforms—continents, mountain chains, plateaus, plains, coasts, islands, and reefs—and explains volcanic and glacial activity, sea-level change, and the structure of soils and rocks. Chapters treat climate and atmospheric circulation, the distribution of plants and animals, and how human action interacts with natural forces. Frequent cross-references between structure, climate, and biological distribution emphasize causes as well as descriptive geography.

APPENDIX.

Table of the Heights above the Sea of some of the Principal Mountain Chains.

EUROPE.

Names of Places, Mountains, &c. Heights in English Feet. Countries in which situated. Authorities.
Mont Blanc 15,739 Alps, P.[205] P. S.[206]
Monte Rosa 15,210 Alps, L. P. S.
Mont Cervin 14,836 Alps, P. P. S.
Finsterärhorn 14,026 Alps, B. Eichman.
Jungfrau 13,672 Alps, B. Eichman.
Le Géant du M. Blanc 13,786 Alps, P. P. S.
Mont Combin 14,124 Alps, P. P. S.
Mont Iséran 13,272 Alps, G. P. S.
Monte Viso 13,599 Alps, C. P. S.
Ortler Spitz 12,851 Alps, R. A. S.
Le Grand Rioburent 11,063 Alps, M. P. S.
Drey Herrn Spitz 10,122 Alps, Car. A. S.
Mont Terglou 9,386 Alps, J. A. S.
Passes of the Alps:--      
Col du Géant 11,238[207] Alps, P. Saussure.
Col de St. Theodule 11,185 Alps, P. P. S.
Pass of Great St. Bernard 8,173 Alps, P. P. S.
Pass of La Furka 8,714 Alps, L. S. S.
Pass of Mont Moro 8,937 Alps, L. P. S.
Pass of Le Tavernette 9,827 Alps, C. P. S.
Pass of Mont Iséran 9,196 Alps, G. P. S.
Pass of Col des Fenêtres 9,581 Alps, P. P. S.
Pass of the Stelvio 9,177 Alps, R. A. S.
Pass of Bernardino 7,015 Alps, R. A. S.
Pass of the Splugen 6,946 Alps, R. A. S.
Pass of St. Gothard 6,808 Alps, R. S. S.
Pass of Mont Cenis 6,772 Alps, G. P. S.
Pass of Simplon 6,578 Alps, L. P. S.
Pass of Tende 6,159 Alps, M. P. S.
Pass of Mont Genèvre 6,119 Alps, C. P. S.
Pass of Brenner 4,659 Alps, R. A. S.
Pass of Pontebba 3,625 Alps, J. A. S.
Malahite Peak 11,168 Pyrenees A. B. L.[208]
Mont Perdu Peak 10,994 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Maboré, Cylinder of 10,899 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Maladetta, Cylinder of 10,886 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Vignemale, Cylinder of 10,820 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Pic du Midi 9,540 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Canigou 9,137 Pyrenees A. B. L.
Passes of the Pyrenees:--      
Pass or Port d’Oo 9,843 France A. B. L.
Pass or Port d’Estaube 8,402 France A. B. L.
Pass or Port de Gavarnie 7,654 France A. B. L.
Pass or Port de Tourmalet 7,143 France A. B. L.
Pic de Sancy 6,188 France A. B. L.
Plomb du Cantal 6,093 France A. B. L.
Mont Mezen 5,795 France A. B. L.
Puy de Dôme 4,806 France A. B. L.
Ballon des Vosges 4,688 France A. B. L.
Mont Ventoux 6,263 France A. B. L.
Mulachaçen 11,483 Spain A. B. L.
Sierra de Gredos 10,552 Spain Bory.
Estrella 7,526 Spain Franzini.
Siete Picos 7,244 Spain Bauza.
Peña Laza 8,222 Spain Bauza.
El Gador 6,575 Spain Rojas.
Monte Corno, or Gran Sasso d’Italia 9,521 Italy, Apennines  
Monte Vellino 7,851 Italy, Apennines M. de Prony.
Termenillo Grande 7,212 Italy, Apennines Schow.
Monte Amaro di Majella 9,113 Italy, Apennines Schow.
Monte Cimone 6,975 Italy, Apennines Schow.
Mont Amiata 5,794 Tuscany Schow.
St. Oreste or Soracte 2,140 Campagna of Rome. Schow.
Passes of the Appennines:--      
Pass of Noviordi Giovi 1,550   Schow.
Pass of La Bochetta 2,550   Schow.
Pass of Pietramala 3,294   Schow.
Islands of the Mediterranean:--      
Monte Rotondo 8,767 Corsica A. B. L.
Monte d’Oro 8,701 Corsica A. B. L.
Monte Generargenta 6,004 Sardinia La Marmora.
Mount Etna 10,874 Sicily W. H. Smyth.
Pizzo di Cane 6,509 Sicily A. B. L.
Mount Eryx 3,894 Sicily A. B. L.
Stromboli 2,687 Lipari Isles De Borch.
Greece and Morea:--      
Mount Guiona 8,538   Peytier.[209]
Parnassus 8,068   Peytier.
Taygetus, Mont St. Elias 7,904   Peytier.
Mont Olonas 7,293   Peytier.
Mont Kelmos 7,726   Peytier.
Mont Athos 6,778   De Borch.
Mont Helicon 5,738   Peytier.
Delphi 5,725   Peytier.
Mont Hymettus 3,378   Peytier.
Central Europe:--      
Ruska Joyana 9,912 E. Carpaths. Malte Brun.
Budosch, Transylvania 9,593 E. Carpaths. A. B. L.
Surrul 9,593    
Mount Tatra; highest point 8,524 W. Carpaths. Wahlenberg.
Mount Tatra; Csabi Peak 8,314 W. Carpaths. Wahlenberg.
Mount Tatra; Lomnitz 8,861 W. Carpaths. A. B. L.
Riesenhoppe, in the Riesengeberge 5,394 Germany Horen.
Feldberg, in the Schwarzwald 4,675 Germany French Engineers.
Belchenberg, in the Schwarzwald 4,642 Germany French Engineers.
Kandelberg, in the Schwarzwald 4,160 Germany Bohnenberger.
Schneeberg, Geisengebirge 4,784 Germany  
Kammkoppel, Geisengebirge 4,265 Germany Charpentier.
Sonnenwerbel, in the Erzgebirge 4,124 Germany  
Rachelberg, in the Böhmerwald 4,561 Germany Sternberg.
Steinberg, Moravia 3,511 Germany David.
Brocken, Hartz 3,658 Germany Zach.
Schneeberg, in the Fichtelgebirge 3,461 Germany Goldfuss.
Blessberg, in the Thuringerwald 2,748 Germany Zach.
Glockner, in the Thuringerwald 2,231 Germany Zach.
Gross Feldberg, in the Taunus chain 2,775 Germany Schmidt.
Lowenberg, in the Siebengebirge 2,024 Germany Nose.
Norway and Sweden:--      
Skagtöltend Lat. 61° 24ʹ 8,101 Scandinavian Mountains Keilhau.
Koldetind 7,224 Scandinavian Mountains Keilhau.
Sognefield 7,182 Scandinavian Mountains Hagelstam.
Mugnafield Lat. 61° 20ʹ 7,215 Scandinavian Mountains Forsell.
Schneehattan Lat. 62 20 8,120 Scandinavian Mountains Eismark.
Pighœttan Lat. 62 2 6,788 Scandinavian Mountains Hagelstam.
Sulitelma Lat. 67 5 6,178 Scandinavian Mountains Wahlenberg.
Langfield Lat. 61 53 6,598 Scandinavian Mountains Hagelstam.
Melderskin Lat. 60 0 4,859 Scandinavian Mountains Von Buch.
Lyngen Mountains Lat. 69 30 4,300 Scandinavian Mountains Von Buch.
Great Britain:--      
Ben Nevis 4,380 Scotland Jameson.
Cairntoul, Aberdeenshire 4,223 Scotland Playfair.
Ben Avon, Aberdeenshire 3,931 Scotland Playfair.
Ben More, Grampians 3,819 Scotland Playfair.
Schehallien, Grampians 3,514 Scotland Playfair.
Snowdon 3,557 Wales Roy.
Cader Idris 3,550 Wales Roy.
Carn Llewellyn 3,471 Wales Roy.
Cross Fell, Cumberland 3,383 England Jameson.
Helvyllen, Cumberland 3,313 England Jameson.
Skiddaw, Cumberland 3,038 England Dr. Young.
Schunner Fell, Yorkshire 2,388 England Smith.
Coniston Fell, Lancashire 2,575 England Smith.
Cheviot Hills 2,657 England Smith.
Pentland Hills 1,878 Scotland Playfair.
Curran Tual, Kerry 3,412 Ireland Nimmo.
Sleib Donnard 3,146 Ireland Nimmo.
Nephin, Mayo 2,644 Ireland Jameson.
Mourne Mountains, Down 2,493 Ireland Jameson.
Ben More, Isle of Mull 3,100 Hebrides Jameson.
Hecla, Isle of S. Uist 3,002 Hebrides Boué.
Cuchullin, Isle of Skye 2,995 Hebrides M’Culloch.
Mount Rona 3,593 Shetland Laing.
Iceland and Feroe:--      
Snœfials, Jokull 5,115 Iceland A. B. L.
Hecla 3,324 Iceland A. B. L.
Skalingefield, Isle Stromoe 2,172 Feroe Stein.

ASIA.

Names of Places, Mountains, &c. Heights in English Feet. Countries in which situated. Authorities.
Himalaya Chain:—      
Kunchinginga, W. part 28,178 Sikim Col. Waugh.[210]
Kunchinginga, E. Peak 27,826 Sikim Col. Waugh.
Dwalagari 26,862 Nepaul Webb.
Juwahir 25,670 Kumaöon Herbert.
Jumoo 25,312 Sikim Waugh.
Jumnautri 25,500 Nepaul Webb.
Dhaibun 24,740 Nepaul Webb.
Kabroo 24,005 Sikim Waugh.
Chamalari 23,929 Tibet Waugh.
Powhunry 23,176 Sikim Waugh.[210]
Momonangli, or Gurla 23,500 Tibet Strachey.[211]
Api Peak 22,799 Nepaul Webb.
       
Peak No. 12 23,263     Between the Kali and E. branch of the Ganges. Webb.
Peak No. 13 22,313 Webb.
Peak No. 23 22,727 Webb.
Peak No. 25 22,277 Webb.
       
St. George’s Peak 22,500     Between the Ganges and Sutlej. Webb.
St. Patrick’s Peak 22,638 Webb.
Gungoutri Pyramid 21,219 Webb.
       
Jownlee Peak (highest) 21,940 Kumaöon Webb.
Kailas Peak 21,000 Tibet Strachey.
Kohibaba 17,905 Hindoo Cush Burnes.
Peak N. of Cabul 20,232 Hindoo Cush Burnes.
Passes of the Himalaya:—      
Karokorum Pass 18,600 Tibet Dr. Thomson[212]
Parangla Pass 18,500 Tibet Cunningham.
Kronbrung Pass 18,313 Tibet Gerard.
Langpya Dhura or Doora Ghaut 17,750 Tibet Strachey.
Lipu Lek Pass 16,884 Tibet Manson.
Niti Ghaut Pass 16,814 Tibet Gerard.
Paralaha Pass 16,500 Tibet Webb.
Shatool Pass 15,500 Tibet Webb.
Elbrouz 18,493 Caucasus Fuss.
Kasbeck 16,530 Caucasus A. C.[213]
Demavend 14,695 Persia Thomson.
Ararat 17,112 Persia Parrot.
Argæus 13,197 Asia Minor A. C.
Beloukha 11,062 Altai A. C.
Mount Lebanus 9,517 Syria A. B. L.
Mount Horeb 8,593 Syria Rüppell.
Mount Sinai 7,498 Syria Rüppell.
Jebel Serbal 6,760 Syria Rüppell.
Kamen Peak 5,397 Ural A. C.
Tremel Peak 5,071 Ural A. C.

AFRICA, AND ISLANDS IN THE ATLANTIC.

Names of Places, Mountains, &c. Heights in English Feet. Countries in which situated. Authorities.
Mount Atlas (Miltsin) 11,400 Morocco Washington.
Mount Abba Jarrat 13° 10’ N 15,008 Abyssinia Rüppell.
Mount Buahat 13 12 N 14,362 Abyssinia Rüppell.
Kilimandjaro 4 0 S 20,000 Abyssinia in the Mtns. of the Moon. Ans. of Phil.
(doubtful.)      
Table Mountain 3,816 Cape of Good Hope. A. B. L.
Pico Ruivo 6,056 Madeira Vidal.
Peak of Teyde, Teneriffe 12,172 Canaries. Von Buch.
Chahorra, Teneriffe 9,885 Canaries. Von Buch.
Pico de Cruz, Palma 7,730 Canaries. Vidal.[214]
Los Pexos, Great Canary 6,400 Canaries. Vidal.
Alto Garaona, Gomera 4,400 Canaries. Vidal.
San Anton, Ferro 3,907 Canaries. Vidal.
Asses’ Ears, Fuestaventura 2,770 Canaries. Vidal.
Peak of Fogo 9,154 Cape Verde Islands. Deville.
Pico, Island of San Antonio 8,815 Cape Verde Islands. Capt. King.
Pico, Island of Pico 7,613 Azores Vidal.
Pico de Vara, Island of St. Michael’s 3,570 Azores Vidal.
Caldeira de Sta. Barbara, Terceira 3,500 Azores Vidal.
Pico de San Jorje 3,498 Azores Vidal.
Morro Gordo, Flores 3,087 Azores Vidal.
Caldeira de Corvo 2,460 Azores Vidal.

AMERICA.

Names of Places, Mountains, &c. Heights in English Feet. Countries in which situated. Authorities.
North America:—      
Mount St. Elias 16,775 N. America A. B. L.
Popocatepetl 17,717 Mexico A. B. L.
Orizaba 17,374 Mexico Humboldt.
Iztacihuatl 15,705 Mexico Humboldt.
Nevado of Toluca 15,542 Mexico A. B. L.
Sierra Nevada 15,170 Mexico Humboldt.
Perote Mount 13,413 Mexico Humboldt.
Fair Weather Mountain 14,925 N. America  
Jorullo 4,265 Mexico Humboldt.
Volcan de Fuego, west peak 13,160 Guatemala Basil Hall.
Volcan de Fuego, east peak 13,050 Guatemala Basil Hall.
Irasu, or Volcano of Cartago 11,480 Guatemala Phys. Atlas.
West Indies:—      
Blue Mountains 7,277 Jamaica  
La Souffrière 5,108 Guadaloupe  
Montagne Pelee 4,432 Martinique Monnier.
Mount Garon 4,370 St. Vincent’s Chisholm.
South America:—      
La Silla de Caraccas 8,600 Venezuela Humboldt.
Cerro de Duida 8,280 Venezuela Humboldt.
Roraima Lat. 5° 30ʹ N. 7,450 Guiana Schomburgk.
Mountains of Santa Martha 19,000? New Grenada  
Plains of Bogota 8,730 New Grenada Humboldt.
Volcano of Tolima 18,020 Andes of N. Grenada Humboldt.
Volcano of Purace 17,034   Humboldt.
Cumbal 15,620 Andes of N. Grenada Bousingault.
Cayambe 19,535 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Antisana 19,137 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Cotopaxi 18,875 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Pinchincha 15,924 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Chimborazo 21,424 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Illinissa 17,380 Andes of the Equator Bouguer.
Tunguragua 16,424 Andes of the Equator Humboldt.
Sangai 16,138 Andes of the Equator La Condamine.
Vilcañota Mount 17,525 Peru Pentland.[215]
Apu-Cunuranu 17,590 Peru Pentland
Guaracoota Peak, Snowline 16,297 Peru Pentland
Cololo Lat. 14° 58ʹ 17,930 Bolivia  
Volcano of Arequipa 20,320 Peru Pentland
Quenuta Lat. 17° 41ʹ 18,765 Peru Pentland
Chipicani 19,745 Peru Pentland
Pomarape 21,700 Peru Pentland
Parinacota 22,030 Peru Pentland
Sahama 22,350 Peru Pentland
Gualateiri Lat. 18° 23ʹ 21,960 Peru Pentland
Ancohuma, S. Peak 21,286 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Ancohuma, N. Peak 21,043 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Chachacomani, N. Peak 20,355 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Angel Peak Lat. 16° 10ʹ 20,115 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Supaïwasi, or Huayna Potosi 20,260 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Cacaca Lat. 16° 25ʹ 18,210 Bolivian Andes Pentland
La Mesada, S. Peak 19,356 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Illimani, S. Peak 21,140 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Mount de las Litanias 14,500 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Mount Miriquiri Peak Lat. 17°   16,100 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Cerro, or Mountain of Potosi 16,152 Bolivian Andes Pentland
Cerro, or Mountain of Chorolque, near Tupisa 16,550 Bolivian Andes Redhead.
Aconcagua Mountain 23,910 Chile[216] Fitzroy and Beechey
Tupungato 15,000 Chile  
Antuco 16,000 Chile Fitzroy
Villarica 16,000 Chile Fitzroy
Volcano of Osorno, or Llanquihue 7,550 Chile Fitzroy
Yanteles 8,030 Chile Fitzroy
Minchinmadava Volcano 8,000 Chile Fitzroy
Mount Stokes 6,400 Patagonia Fitzroy
Mount Burney 5,800 Patagonia Fitzroy
Mount Sarmiento 6,900 Tierra del Fuego Fitzroy
Mount Darwin 6,800 Tierra del Fuego Fitzroy
Passes of the Andes:      
Rumihuasi 16,160 Peru Gaye.
Altos de Toledo 15,790 Peru Pentland.
Pacuani 15,340 Bolivia Pentland.
Chullunquiani 15,160 Bolivia Pentland.
Vilcañota, or la Raya 14,520 Peru Pentland.
Gualillas 14,750 Peru Pentland.
Paramo d’Assüay 15,528 Equator Humboldt.
Guanacas 14,708 Equator Bouguer.
Pass of Quindiu 11,502 N. Grenada Humboldt.
Pass of el Almorsadero 12,850 N. Grenada Humboldt.
Pass of La Cumbre 12,450 Chile Pentland.
Pass of Peuquenes 13,210 Chile Dr. Gillies.
Pass of el Portillo 14,365 Chile Humboldt.
Mountains of Brazil:      
Itambe 5,960   Eschwege.
Villarica chain, Sierra da Piedade 5,830   Eschwege.
Itacolumi 5,750   Eschwege.

ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC, POLYNESIA, AUSTRALASIA, &c.