WELDON RAILROAD, NEAR PETERSBURG VA.
June 22–23, 1864.
An attempt was made on the 22d of June, to cut the Weldon railroad below Petersburg, in order to cut off the rebel supplies through that important line of communication. The expedition was simultaneous in departure with a cavalry force under General Wilson, whose design was to also cut the railroad at a point several miles below.
The Sixth corps, in conjunction with the Second, were dispatched early in the morning, but had not advanced far before they were discovered by the rebels, who boldly came out to meet them, in order to check the movement on the railroad. Great advantage occurred to the rebel forces from a more accurate knowledge of the topography of the country. Hill’s rebel corps first made their appearance on the flank of Barlow’s division, gradually worked round towards his rear, and he eventually succeeded in throwing a division of his troops between the Second and Sixth corps, thus creating confusion in the Union ranks. A desultory combat ensued for a short time, in which the Federals were driven some distance, and several hundred of Barlow’s men were captured. The left flank of Mott’s division now became involved in a similar misfortune, when he too was compelled to retire with the loss of three or four hundred prisoners. The rebel troops following up their advantage, soon became strongly reinforced, and assailed Gibbon’s division in front and rear. His brigades on the right boldly withstood the enemy; while those on the left, though slightly entrenched, were obliged to yield ground under pressure of the immense force which was brought against them. A four-gun battery now opened on the enemy, but being without infantry supports, it was soon captured, and the rebel troops pressed forward in dense masses, throwing the Federal lines into inextricable confusion. Several regiments were captured at this time, which had become so disorganized as to be able to oppose little if any resistance. At this point a change of front was effected by a small force, the centre of which was the Twentieth Massachusetts, and the enemy were soon checked by a determined resistance. A want of good discipline and generalship, exposed the Federals to a heavy loss and severe defeat on this occasion by an inferior force of the enemy. The ground was partly recovered on the succeeding day by an advance of the Sixth and Second corps; but it soon became apparent that the main object of the expedition was unattainable, as the enemy were strongly intrenched on the northern side of the Weldon railroad and an assault was not deemed advisable. The Union loss was five hundred in killed and wounded, and two thousand prisoners.