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Pioneers of the Pacific Coast / A Chronicle of Sea Rovers and Fur Hunters

Chapter 43: PART IX NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
By Agnes C. Laut
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A chronological narrative recounts early European and American ventures along the North American Pacific coast, describing maritime exploration, coastal charting, and inland expeditions that opened sea and river routes. It examines encounters and trade with Indigenous populations, rival imperial and commercial interests, and the activities of private traders and company men. The account traces the expansion and eventual decline of the fur trade, the exploration of major rivers and passes, and the founding of trading posts, using maps and illustrations to consolidate documentary and eyewitness materials.


Narvaez, his discoveries on the Pacific Coast, 62-4.

New Caledonia, 87, 89, 122-3. See British Columbia.

Nootka, Cook at, 47; English and American traders at, 57-58; the Nootka Affair, 59-60, 61, 66, 68-9, 73.

'North-West America,' the first ship built on the Pacific Coast, 57.

North-West Company, the, 53, 116; and the race for the Pacific, 71, 99-101, 113.


Ogden, Peter Skene, his Oregon brigade, 117, 119-21.

Oregon, extent of under Hudson's Bay Company jurisdiction, 116-17; colonization in, 118; hunting brigades of, 119-23; acquired by United States, 124, 125; American immigration into, 125-7.

Oregon Treaty, the, 127.


Pacific Coast, exploration of, 8, 12, 46-8, 52, 62-5, 66-8, 70, 125; beginning of struggle for control of, 53-4.

Pacific Fur Company, the, 71; founded, 99, 100, 109; at Astoria, 108, 109-10, 112; the Clayoquot tragedy, 109-112.

Pacific Ocean, 'a closed sea,' 1, 55-6, 65; Drake's raids on Spanish treasure-ships on, 5-8; regarding a north-east passage from, 9-10, 48-9. See Pacific Coast.

Pelly, Sir John, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 129-130.

Peter the Great, his ambition to make Russia a world-power, 11-14.

Petropavlovsk, Bering's expedition leaves, 16-17; returns to, 30-3.

Piegan Indians, the, 102, 106.

Pushkareff, his diabolical treatment of Aleuts, 38-9.


Quadra, Don Juan Francisco, 58; represents Spain in the Nootka Conference, 68-9, 70.

Quesnel, Jules, with Fraser's expedition, 90, 104.


Rocky Mountain House, 101 and note.

Rocky Mountain Portage, 75-77, 87, 88.

Ross, Alexander, his Oregon brigade, 117, 119-21.

Russia, and the fur trade on the Aleutians, 39, 43; her interest in the Pacific Coast, 44, 53-4, 70. See Cossacks.


Sandwich Islands, Cook's tragic death on, 49-52.

Simpson, Sir George, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 124, 129-30.

Smith, Jedediah, befriended by M'Loughlin in Oregon, 125-126.

Spain, her supremacy in the South Seas and in the Pacific, 1, 12, 53-4, 55-6, 65, 74; her treachery at Vera Cruz, 2, 55; the Nootka Affair, 59-60, 66, 67-9; her explorations on the Pacific Coast, 61, 62-65, 70, 74.

Steller, George W., with Bering's second expedition, 18, 21, 27, 28.

Stuart, John, with Fraser in New Caledonia, 88-90.


Thompson, David, his search for a river to the Pacific, 101-106; his descent of the Columbia, 104-9, 112-13, 114, 125.

Thorn, Captain Jonathan, massacred at Clayoquot, 109-111.


United States, enter the struggle for the control of the Pacific, 53-5, 67, 70, 86, 124; the Louisiana purchase, 86; send an expedition to the Pacific Coast, 86; the 'joint occupancy' agreement with Britain, 115-16, 125; and Oregon, 125-8.


Valdes, Don Cayetano, explores the Pacific Coast, 64, 67-8.

Vancouver, Captain George, 46; his exploring expedition to the Pacific Coast, 66-8, 69-70, 74, 84, 96; represents Britain in the Nootka Conference, 68-9.

Vancouver Island, 48-9, 67-8; colony founded on, 128-9, 130, 131.


War of 1812, and Astoria, 113.

Waxel, Lieut., with Bering's expedition, 19, 24, 25.



Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press






THE CHRONICLES OF CANADA

PART I
THE FIRST EUROPEAN VISITORS

1. THE DAWN OF CANADIAN HISTORY By Stephen Leacock.

2. THE MARINER OF ST MALO By Stephen Leacock.


PART II
THE RISE OF NEW FRANCE

3. THE FOUNDER OF NEW FRANCE By Charles W. Colby.

4. THE JESUIT MISSIONS By Thomas Guthrie Marquis.

5. THE SEIGNEURS OF OLD CANADA By William Bennett Munro.

6. THE GREAT INTENDANT By Thomas Chapais.

7. THE FIGHTING GOVERNOR By Charles W. Colby.


PART III
THE ENGLISH INVASION

8. THE GREAT FORTRESS By William Wood.

9. THE ACADIAN EXILES By Arthur G. Doughty.

10. THE PASSING OF NEW FRANCE By William Wood.

11. THE WINNING OF CANADA By William Wood.


PART IV
THE BEGINNINGS OF BRITISH CANADA

12. THE FATHER OF BRITISH CANADA By William Wood.

13. THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS By W. Stewart Wallace.

14. THE WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES By William Wood.


PART V
THE RED MAN IN CANADA

15. THE WAR CHIEF OF THE OTTAWAS By Thomas Guthrie Marquis.

16. THE WAR CHIEF OF THE SIX NATIONS By Louis Aubrey Wood.

17. TECUMSEH: THE LAST GREAT LEADER OF HIS PEOPLE By Ethel T. Raymond.


PART VI
PIONEERS OF THE NORTH AND WEST

18. THE 'ADVENTURERS OF ENGLAND' ON HUDSON BAY By Agnes C. Laut.

19. PATHFINDERS OF THE GREAT PLAINS By Lawrence J. Burpee.

20. ADVENTURERS OF THE FAR NORTH By Stephen Leacock.

21. THE RED RIVER COLONY By Louis Aubrey Wood.

22. PIONEERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST By Agnes C. Laut.

23. THE CARIBOO TRAIL By Agnes C. Laut.


PART VII
THE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL FREEDOM

24. THE FAMILY COMPACT By W. Stewart Wallace.

25. THE 'PATRIOTES' OF '37 By Alfred D. DeCelles.

26. THE TRIBUNE OF NOVA SCOTIA By William Lawson Grant.

27. THE WINNING OF POPULAR GOVERNMENT By Archibald MacMechan.


PART VIII
THE GROWTH OF NATIONALITY

28. THE FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION By A. H. U. Colquhoun.

29. THE DAY OF SIR JOHN MACDONALD By Sir Joseph Pope.

30. THE DAY OF SIR WILFRID LAURIER By Oscar D. Skelton.


PART IX
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

31. ALL AFLOAT By William Wood.

32. THE RAILWAY BUILDERS By Oscar D. Skelton.



TORONTO: GLASGOW, BROOK & COMPANY