=radiograma=, wireless =ramo=, branch, line (of business) =rastrillos=, harrows =rayas=, stripes =rayos=, spokes, rays =razon=, reason =a razon de=, at the rate of =tener razon=, to be right =reanudar=, to resume =rebaja, reduccion=, abatement, reduction, rebate =reborde=, rim, flange =rechazar=, to reject, to discard =recibir=, to receive =recibo=, receipt, reception =reclamacion, reclamo=, claim =reclamar=, to claim =reclamo=, advertisement =recobrar=, to recover =recoger=, to gather, to collect, to take up =recomendar=, to recommend =reconocer, admitir=, to acknowledge =reconvenir=, to scold =recto=, straightforward, straight =recursos=, means, resources =redactar=, to draw up (deeds) =redondo=, round =reduccion, rebaja=, reduction, abatement, rebate =reducir=, to reduce =referir=, to refer =reflejo=, reflection =reforma arancelaria=, tariff reform =refran=, proverb =refrendar=, to countersign =refresco=, refreshment =refundir=, to refund =regadio=, irrigation =regalar=, to present =regimen=, rule, regime =regir=, to rule =regla=, rule, ruler =en regla=, in order =reglamentos=, regulations, bye-laws =regresar=, to come back =rehusar, negarse a=, to refuse =reina=, queen =reinar=, to reign, to rule, to prevail =reino=, kingdom =reir=, to laugh =reirse=, to laugh at, to mock =rejas=, ploughs =relacion=, report =relampaguear=, to lighten =reloj=, watch, clock =remesa=, remittance, also shipment =remitir=, to remit, to send =remolacha=, beetroot =remolcar, traer a remolque=, to tow, to take in tow =remover=, to remove, to stir, to poke (the fire) =renglon=, line =reo=, culprit =reparar=, to notice =repasar=, to go over, to look over =repentino=, sudden =repetir=, to repeat =reprensible=, objectionable =representacion exclusiva=, sole agency =representante=, representative, agent =representar=, to represent, to act for =requerir=, to require =repulgado, dobladillado=, hemmed =reservar=, to reserve =residir=, to reside =resortes=, springs =con respecto a, respecto de=, with respect to =respetar=, to respect =respeto=, respect =respire=, breath, breathing-time =responder=, to answer =responsible=, responsible (liable for) =resto, restante=, remainder =restos=, remnants =resultado=, result =resumir=, to recapitulate, to state briefly =retardar=, to delay, to be delayed =(los) reunidos=, those present =reunion=, meeting =al reves=, on the wrong side =revista=, review =revocar, contramandar=, to revoke, to countermand =rey=, king =rezumar=, to leak =ricamente=, richly =rico=, rich =riesgo=, risk =rio=, river =riqueza=, wealth =rizados, crespolinas=, crimps =rizo (del ala)=, curl (of the brim of a hat) =robar=, to rob, to steal =roble, encina=, oak =rodajas de goma=, rubber heels (revolving) =rogar=, to ask, to beg, to require =rollo=, roll =romperse= (p. p., =roto=), to break =rosa=, rose, pink =rotura=, breakage =ruin=, base, sordid =rumbo=, course (of a ship) =rumor, especie=, rumour
=S=
=sabado=, Saturday =sabana=, sheet (bed) =(a) saber, es decir, viz=. =saber=, to know (through the mind), to know by heart =sabio=, wise =sacar=, to draw out, to get or pull out, to derive, to get back (one's money) =saldo=, settlement, clearing line =salir=, to come out, to go out (up) =salir en=, to come up to (amount) =salubre=, healthy =salvamento=, salvage i=salve=! hail! =santo=, holy, saint =sardinas=, sardines =sargento=, sergeant =sastre=, tailor =satines brochados=, brocaded satins =satisfecho=, satisfied =sea que=, whether =sebo (heces de)=, tallow (greaves) =secretario=, secretary =sed=, thirst =seda=, silk =segun=, according to =seguir=, to continue, to follow =seguro=, sure, insurance =sellar=, to seal =sello=, seal, postage-stamp =semana=, week =semejante=, similar =semestre=, half-year =Senado=, Senate =senal=, sign, mark =sencillo=, plain, simple =senor=, gentleman =senora=, lady =sentir=, to feel, to be sorry =ser=, to be =(la) serie=, series =ser menester=, to be necessary =servicio=, service =servir=, to serve =Setiembre=, September =si=, if =si=, oneself =si=, yes =silla=, chair =siempre= always =sierra mecanica=, sawing machine =(un) si es no es=, just a little bit, ever so little =siguiente=, following =simpatico=, pleasant, winsome, taking =simple=, single, simple, plain =sin, sin que=, without =sinceridad=, sincerity =sincere=, sincere =sindico=, trustee =sin embargo=, notwithstanding however =sin mirar a gastos=, regardless of expense =sin novedad=, safely, all well, safe and sound =(un) sinnumero=, a large number, innumerable =sin precedente=, unprecedented =(los) sintomas=, symptoms =sitio=, spot, place =sobre=, on, upon =sobre= (n.), envelope =sobrecargarse=, to overload oneself =sobre cubierta=, on deck =sobrestadia=, demurrage =sobrios=, quiet (colours) =socarron=, sly, cunning =sociedad=, society =sociedad anonima= or =por acciones=, limited company =socio=, partner =soda, sosa=, soda =sofa=, sofa, couch =soga=, rope =sol=, sun =solamente, solo=, only (adv.) =soldado=, soldier =soler=, to be wont, to be accustomed to =solicitar=, to solicit =solidez=, solidity =solo=, only (adj.) =sombrero=, hat =sombrero de copa=, silk hat =someter=, to submit =sonrisa=, smile =soplar=, to blow =soportar=, to put up with =soportes=, bearings =sorprendente=, surprising =sorpresa=, surprise =sosa, soda=, soda =sospechar=, to suspect =su=, his, her, its, their, your =suave=, soft, mellow, gentle =(en) subasta=, (by) auction =subir=, to go, to come, up =subsanar=, to correct =suceder=, to happen, to succeed =sucursal=, branch house =sueldo=, salary, wages =suelo=, ground (soil) =sueno=, sleep =suerte=, fortune, luck =sufrimiento=, suffering =sufrir=, to suffer =sujetapapeles=, paper fasteners =suma=, sum, addition =sumar=, to add =suma redonda=, lump sum =superficie=, surface =suponer=, to suppose =suprimir=, to suppress =sur, sud=, south =surtido=, assortment, selection =suspender los pagos=, to stop payments =(en) suspense=, (in) abeyance
=T=
=tabacos, cigarros, puros=, cigars =tablilla=, board =tablon=, plank =tacharse=, to blame or censure oneself =tacho, paila, pan= (sugar manuf.) =tacones=, heels =tacos=, cues (billiard) =tacto=, feel, touch, tact =tal=, such =tal cual=, as it is =talvez=, perhaps =taller=, workshop =tambien=, also, too, as well =tambor=, drum (machinery, etc.) =tampoco=, neither, either (after neg.) =tan …. como=, so, as …. as =tapete=, carpet, rug =tarde=, afternoon, evening, late =tardo=, slow =tarea=, task =tarjeta=, card =tasajo=, jerked beef =te=, tea =tejedor=, weaver =tejer=, to weave =tejido elastico=, webbing =tejidos=, textiles, cloths =tela=, cloth =telar=, loom =telas para trajes (de senora)=, dress goods =telas para pantalones=, trouserings =telefonear=, to telephone =tema= (m.), the exercise =tema= (f.), the fear =temporada, estacion=, season =temporal=, tormenta, storm =temporalmente=, temporarily =temprano=, early =tenazas=, tongs =tendero=, shopkeeper =tenedores=, forks, holders =tener=, to have, to hold =tener cuenta=, to pay (to be advantageous) =tener en cuenta=, to take into consideration, to bear in mind =tercio=, third =terciopelo=, velvet =terliz=, ticking =terreno=, land, estate =tesoro=, treasure =textil=, textile =(la) tez=, complexion =tienda=, shop =tierno=, tender =tijeras=, scissors =timbre=, stamp =tinta=, ink =tintero=, inkstand =tio,-a=, uncle, aunt =tiro, largura=, length =titulos=, bonds =tocino=, bacon =todavia=, yet, still =todo,-a,-os,-as=, all, every =tomar=, to take =tomar a mal=, to take amiss =tomar la delantera=, to take the start on =tomar vuelo=, to develop, to increase =tonelada=, ton =tonto=, simpleton, foolish =torcer=, to twist =tormenta=, temporal, storm =tornillos=, screws =torno=, lathe =trabajador=, hard-working =trabajar=, to work =trabajar, ir, a porfia=, to vie with =trabajo=, work =traer=, to bring, to carry =traer a remolque (remolcar)=, to tow, to take in tow =tramites (de la ley)=, routine of the law, legal means =tranquilo=, quiet, calm =transportar=, to transport, to convey =tra(n)sporte pagado (franco de porte)=, carriage paid =tra(n)sporte seguido, porte pagadero al destino=, carriage forward =trapiche=, sugar mill =trasmitir=, to convey =traspapelado=, mislaid (of a paper) =traspaso=, goodwill (of a business) =Tratado de arbitraje=, Arbitration Treaty =tratar=, to conduct (business), to treat, to try, to endeavour =travesia=, journey by sea (crossing) =tren=, train =trencilla=, braid =tribunal=, court =trigo=, wheat =trilladores=, threshing (machines) =trinquete=, foremast =tripas de buey=, ox-casings =tripulacion=, crew =triste=, sad =trocar=, to exchange =tronar=, to thunder =tropezar=, to stumble =tubo=, pipe =tuercas=, nuts (mach.) =turba=, crowd (motley)
=U=
=ufano=, proud =ultimamente=, lately =unicamente=, solely, only =util=, useful =utilidad=, utility, usefulness, service, profit =uvas=, grapes
=V=
=vacio=, empty i=vale=! farewell! =valer=, to be worth =valer la pena=, to be worth while =valer mas=, to be preferable =valiente=, brave =valor=, value, worth, courage =valores=, securities =valvula=, valve =vapor=, steamer =vara=, Spanish yard =varar=, to ground (ships) =variedad=, variety =varios=, several =vecino=, neighbour, inhabitant, ratepayer =veintena=, score =vejez=, old age =vela=, candle, sail =velero=, sailing vessel =vencer=, to win, to fall due =vender=, to sell =venir=, to come =venir a menos=, to come down in the world, to decline =venta=, sale =ventaja=, advantage =ventana=, window =ver=, to see =verano=, summer =verdad=, truth =verde=, green =vergueenza=, shame =verificarse=, to take place =vez, veces=, time, times =en vez de=, instead of =via=, way, route, via =viajador=, traveller, navigator =viajante=, traveller (commercial) =viajar=, to travel =viaje de ida=, outward journey (trip) =viaje de vuelta=, homeward journey (trip) =viajero=, traveller, tourist, etc. =vida=, life, living =vidriado=, glass ware =viejo=, old =viento=, wind =Viernes=, Friday =viga=, beam =vigilar=, to watch over =villa, poblacion=, town =vinas=, vineyards =vinicola=, wine (adj.) =vino=, wine =violeta=, violet =virtualmente=, practically =virtud=, virtue =visitar=, to visit, to call upon, to wait upon =vista=, sight, view =a la vista=, at sight =visto que=, seeing that =viudo=, widower =vivamente=, vividly, earnestly =vivir=, to live, to reside =vivo=, alive, lively, vivid, bright (colour) =vocablo, palabra=, word =vocabulario=, vocabulary =volante=, fly-wheel =volar=, to fly =volcar=, to capsize =voluntad=, will, goodwill =volver=, to turn, to go, to come back =volverse=, to become =a la vuelta=, carried forward =de la vuelta=, brought forward
=Y=
=ya=, already, now, yet, etc. =yacer=, to lie =yerno, hijo politico=, son-in-law =y pico (20 y pico, etc.)=, odd (20 odd, etc.) =yute, jute=, jute
=Z=
=zanjar=, to compromise =zapatos=, shoes =zarazas=, cotton prints =zinc=, zinc =zorra=, fox
II. ENGLISH-SPANISH.
=A=
=to abandon=, abandonar, desinteresarse =abatement=, rebaja, reduccion =(in) abeyance=, (en) suspenso =to be able=, poder =to abolish=, abolir =about=, proximamente, aproximadamente =abroad=, al extranjero =absence of=, falta de =absolutely=, absolutamente =absurd=, irrisorio =abundant=, cuantioso, largo de talle =abuse=, abuso =to accede=, acceder =accident=, accidente =to accomplish=, cumplir =according to=, segun, conforme a =to accost=, abordar =account sales=, cuenta de venta =accurate=, exacto =to accuse=, acusar =to be accustomed=, soler =to ache=, doler =acute, artful=, corrido =to acknowledge=, reconocer, admitir =to acknowledge receipt=, acusar recibo =to acquaint with=, informar, poner en conocimiento =acquaintance=, conocimiento, conocido =to acquire=, adquirir =to act=, obrar =to act as=, funcionar de, proceder como =to act for=, representar =action=, accion =active=, activo =acts=, actas =to add=, anadir =to add=, sumar =addition=, suma =address=, direccion =to address oneself (to)=, dirigirse (a) =adequate=, adecuado, proporcionado =to adhere=, adherir =to adjust=, ajustar =adjustment=, ajuste =to admit=, admitir, acoger =advance=, anticipo =advantage=, ventaja =to take advantage=, aprovecharse =to be advantageous=, tener cuenta =adverse=, contrario =to advertise=, anunciar =advertisement=, anuncio, reclamo =advice=, aviso, consejo =to advise=, avisar =adzes=, azuelas =affair=, asunto =after=, despues =afternoon=, tarde =against=, contra, en contra de =agency (sole)=, agencia, representacion exclusiva =to agglomerate=, aglomerar =to agree=, convenir, acordar =agreeable=, agradable =agreement=, contrato, convenio, arreglo =agricultural=, agricola =aim=, blanco =air pumps=, bombas de aire =alert=, alerta =alive=, vivo =to allege=, alegar =to allude to, to hint=, aludir a =to make an allowance=, bonificar =already=, ya =also=, tambien =to alter=, cambiar =although=, aunque, por mas que =altogether, quite=, de todo punto =always=, siempre =ambassador=, embajador =amount=, importe, cantidad =to amount to=, importar en =ample=, amplio, cuantioso =to anchor=, anclar =ancient=, antiguo =angry=, enfadado =annoyed=, disgustado =to answer=, contestar, responder =anterior=, anterior =to anticipate=, prever =anticipation=, anticipation =anxious to=, ansioso de =to be anxious to=, tener empeno =anyone=, alguno =anything=, algo =apartment=, cuarto =to appeal=, apelar =to appear=, aparecer, parecer =apple=, manzana =to appoint=, nombrar =to appreciate=, apreciar =appreciation=, estima =to approach=, aproximarse, abordar =approximately=, proximamente =April=, Abril =arbiter=, arbitro =Arbitration Treaty=, Tratado de Arbitraje =architect=, arquitecto =archive=, archive =arduous=, arduo =to argue=, argueir =arm=, brazo =army=, ejercito =to arrange=, arreglar, disponer =arrangement=, arreglo =to arrive=, llegar =ash=, fresno =as it is=, tal cual =as it were=, por decirlo asi =to ask=, pedir, rogar =assets and liabilities=, active y pasivo =to assist=, asistir =as soon as=, no bien, luego que =as soon as possible=, a la mayor brevedad =assortment=, surtido =as well=, tambien =at best=, a mejor andar =at foot=, al pie =at least=, al menos =at length=, detenidamente =at once=, en seguida, luego =at sight=, a la vista =to attain=, lograr =attainment=, logro =to attempt=, probar =to attend=, asistir, atender a =attention=, atencion =attention=! iojo! iatencion! =at the rate of=, a razon de =attitude=, actitud =to attract=, atraer =to attribute=, atribuir =attribution=, atribucion =(by) auction=, (en) subasta =August=, Agosto =autumn=, otono =to avail oneself of=, aprovecharse de =available=, disponible =average=, mediano, termino medio, averia =free of particular average=, franco de averia particular =averse to=, ajeno a =to avoid=, evitar =award=, dictamen =axe=, hacha =axle-shaft=, arbol de eje
=B=
=back=, espalda =bacon=, tocino =bad=, malo =very bad=, pesimo =badly=, mal =to be baffled=, llevar chasco =bagging=, arpillera =baize=, bayeta =to bake=, cocer =ball=, bola =ball (of cotton)=, ovillo (de algodon) =bank=, banco =bank holiday=, fiesta del comercio =bank notes=, billetes, notas de banco =bank (river)=, orilla =bankruptcy=, quiebra =bargain (cheap purchase)=, ganga =barley=, cebada =barrister=, abogado =base=, sordid, ruin =basis=, base =to bathe=, banar =batiste=, batista =to be=, estar, estarse, ser =beam=, viga =beard=, barba, barbas =beardless youth=, mozalbete =bearings=, soportes, cojinetes =to bear in mind=, tener en cuenta =bearish, bear= (exch.), bajista =beautiful=, hermoso =beauty=, belleza =to become=, hacerse, volverse, llegar a ser =bed, bedstead=, cama, armazon de cama =beech=, haya =beef (jerked)=, carne (seca) =beer=, cerveza =beetroot=, remolacha =before (time)=, antes (de) =before (place)=, ante, delante de =to beg=, rogar =beginning=, principio =behaviour=, conducta =behind=, detras =to believe=, creer =beloved=, querido =below=, abajo =belt=, cinturon =belting (machinery)=, correas =bench=, banco =beneficent=, benefico =benefit=, beneficio =besides=, amen de =to betray=, atraicionar =better=, mejor =between, amongst=, entre =between decks=, entrepuentes =bicycle=, bicicleta =bill=, giro =billiards=, billar =bill market=, los cambios =bill of exchange=, letra =bill of lading=, conocimiento =to bind (books)=, encuadernar =to bind oneself=, obligarse =birch=, abedul =black=, negro =blacking=, betun =blame=, culpa =to blame oneself=, tacharse =blanket=, manta, frazada =blast furnace=, altos hornos =blind=, ciego =blotting paper=, papel secante =to blow=, soplar =blue=, azul =boar=, jabali =board=, tablilla =to board=, abordar =boat=, buque, navio, barco =bobbin=, bobina =body=, cuerpo =to boil=, hervir, bullir =boiler=, caldera =bold, daring=, atrevido =bond=, obligacion, titulo =bonded warehouses=, almacenes fiscales =bone=, hueso =to book (orders)=, asentar =book=, libro =book debts=, fiados =book-shelf=, estante =boom=, hinchazon =boot=, bota =boots=, botines =both=, ambos =bourse=, bolsa =box=, caja =boy=, muchacho =braid=, trencilla =branch=, ramo =branch house=, sucursal =brand=, marca =brand new=, novisimo =bread=, pan =breakdown=, quebrantamiento, dano =to break out=, estallar =breath=, respiro =breathing-time=, respiro =breeze=, brisa =brevity=, brevedad =brief=, corto =brig=, bergantin =to bring=, traer =to bring an action=, poner pleito =to bring upon oneself=, buscarse =brisk=, activo, animado =broad beans=, habas =brocade=, brocado, tela labrada =broker=, corredor =broom=, escoba =brother=, hermano =brother-in-law=, cunado =brought forward=, de la vuelta =brown=, moreno =brush=, cepillo =bucket=, cubo, caldero =building=, edificio, local =bullish, bull (exch.)=, alcista =bundle (of papers)=, legajo (de papeles) =bunker=, carbonera, panol =bunting=, lanillas para banderas =to burst=, estallar =business=, negocio, negocios =business (occupations)=, quehaceres =but=, pero, mas =butter=, manteca, mantequilla (S. America) =button=, boton =bye-law=, reglamento =bye-products=, productos accesorios
=C=
=cabbages=, berzas, coles =cable=, cable =cablegram=, cablegrama =to calculate=, calcular =to calculate on=, contar con =calculation=, calculo =calico=, percal =to call=, llamar =to be called=, llamarse =to call at=, hacer escala (ships), pasar por, visitar =to call together=, convocar =to be called=, llamarse =calm=, tranquilo =to cancel=, anular =candidly=, con el corazon en la mano =candle=, vela =cane=, cana =canned=, en latas =cap=, gorra, gorro =caprice, whim=, antojo =to capsize=, volcar =captain=, capitan =to capture=, coger =card=, tarjeta =care=, cuidado =to take care=, cuidar =carefully=, cuidadosamente =cargo=, cargamento =carnation=, clavel =carpet=, alfombra, tapete =carriage forward=, tra(n)sporte seguido, porte pagadero al destino =carriage paid=, tra(n)sporte pagado, franco de porte =carried forward=, a la vuelta =to carry=, llevar, traer =to carry into effect=, llevar a cabo =cart=, carro =case=, caja =case, lawsuit=, proceso =in case=, en caso que =cash=, dinero efectivo =for cash=, al contado =in cash=, en efectivo, en metalico =cashier=, cajero =cask=, barrica, pipa =to cast=, echar =castillian=, castellano =cat=, gato =catalogue=, catalogo =to catch=, coger =cauldron (small)=, caldero =cautious=, cauteloso, cauto =to cede=, ceder =to be celebrated=, celebrarse =celebrated=, celebre =cellar=, bodega =to censure, to blame, oneself=, tacharse =certain=, cierto =to certify=, certificar =chair=, silla =change=, cambio =to change=, cambiar =charcoal=, carbon vegetal =to charge=, cobrar =to take charge=, encargarse =to charter=, fletar =cheap=, barato =cheapening=, abarata miento =cheese=, queso =chemicals=, productos quimicos =chemist=, boticario =cheque=, cheque =to cherish (the hope)=, abrigar =chief=, principal =child=, nino =chimney=, chimenea =chin=, barba, barbilla =chivalry=, hidalguia =chocolate=, chocolate =to choose=, escoger, elegir =Christmas=, Navidad =cigars=, cigarros, puros, tabacos =cinnamon=, canela =to circulate=, circular =to cite=, citar =city=, ciudad =claim=, reclame, reclamacion =to claim=, reclamar =clean=, limpio =to clean=, limpiar =clear=, claro =to clear=, despejar =clearing-house=, banco de liquidacion =clearing-line=, saldo =clearly=, claramente, claro =clerk (chief)=, dependiente (primer) =clever=, habil =client=, cliente =climate=, el clima =climatic=, climatologico =climax=, colmo =clock=, reloj =cloth=, tela, tejido, pano =cloves=, clavos =coal=, carbon de piedra =coal-mine=, mina de carbon =coarse=, basto =coast=, costa =coat=, americana, casaca =cock (machinery)=, grifo =coffee=, cafe =cold=, frio =to collect (money)=, recoger, cobrar =collection=, coleccion =colliery=, mina de carbon =colonial produce=, coloniales =colour (fast, loose)=, color (solido, firme, falso, fugitivo) =colourings=, coloridos =column=, columna =to come=, venir =to come back=, regresar, volver =to come down=, bajar =to come down in the world=, venir a menos =to come out=, salir =to come up to (an amount)=, salir en =to commence=, comenzar, empezar, principiar, estrenarse =commerce=, comercio =commercial=, comercial =commission agent=, comisionista =to commit oneself=, comprometerse =common=, comun, basto =company (limited)=, compania anonima, por acciones =to compel=, obligar =to compensate=, compensar =competitor=, competidor, contrincante =to complain=, quejarse =complete=, completo =complexion=, la tez =to compromise=, zanjar, comprometer =to conceive=, concebir =to concern=, concerner =concern=, empresa =concisely=, concisamente =to conclude (a bargain)=, concluir, cerrar (un trato) =conduct=, conducta =to conduct (business)=, tratar =to confess=, confesar =confidence=, confianza =connecting rod=, biela =connection=, conexion =connection=, clientele, clientela =to consider=, considerar =considerate, thoughtful=, comedido =to consign=, consignar =consignee=, consignatario =consignment=, consignacion =consumer=, consumidor =contain, to be able to=, or =to be able to be contained=, caber =content, contentment=, contento =contents=, contenido =continually=, continuamente =to continue=, continuar, seguir =contraband=, contrabando =contract=, contrato =contractor=, destajista =contrary=, contrario =to contribute=, contribuir =contrivance=, mecanismo, medio =to contrive to be=, llegar a ser =to contrive=, lograr =control=, dominio =convenient=, conveniente =to convey=, tra(n)sportar, transmitir =to convince=, convencer =to cook=, cocer =copper=, cobre =copy book=, copiador =corded=, acordonado =cords, corduroy=, pana acordonada =corporal=, cabo =to correct=, subsanar, corregir =correspondence=, correspondencia =correspondent=, corresponsal =cost, insurance and freight (C.I.F.)=, costo, flete y seguro (C.F.S.) =cotton (spot)=, algodon disponible =cotton market=, mercado algodonero =cotton mill=, fabrica de algodon =cotton prints=, zarazas =to counsel=, aconsejar =to count=, contar =to countermand=, contramandar, revocar =to countersign=, refrendar =country=, pais, patria, campo =couple=, par =coupled with=, junto a =couplings=, conexiones =courage, valor=, aliento, animo =course (of ship)=, rumbo =of course=, por de contado =court=, tribunal =courteously=, cortesmente =cousin=, primo =to cover=, cubrir =covered=, cubierto =to covet=, codiciar =cram full=, abarrotado =crank-shaft=, arbol de cigueenal =cream=, crema =credit=, credito =to credit=, abonar, acreditar =creditors' meeting=, junta de acreedores =crew=, tripulacion =crimps=, crespolinas, rizados =crockery=, loza =crop=, cosecha =to cross=, atravesar, cruzar =crowd (motley)=, turba =cry=, grito =cubic=, cubico =cudgel=, garrote =cue (billiards)=, taco =culprit=, reo =cupboard=, armario =curl (of hat brim)=, rizo (del ala) =currant=, pasas de Corinto =current=, actual, corriente =curtailment=, limitacion =custom=, costumbre =customer=, cliente =custom house official=, guardia aduanera =custom house tariff=, arancel =customs=, derechos =to cut=, cortar =to cut (fig.)=, herir =cutting=, corte =cylinder=, cilindro
=D=
=damage=, averia, dano, perjuicio =to damage=, danar =damask=, damasco =danger=, peligro =dangerous=, arriesgado peligroso =daring, bold=, atrevido =date=, fecha =date palm=, palmera =to date, up to date=, hasta la fecha =dated=, fecha de =dates=, datiles =daughter-in-law=, nuera, hija politica =to dawn=, alborear, amanecer =day=, dia =lay day=, dia de estadia =days of demurrage=, dias de contraestadia =day before yesterday=, anteayer =day book=, diario =to dazzle=, deslumbrar =dealers=, operadores =fair dealing=, equidad =deal=, especulacion =to deal=, tratar =dealings=, operaciones =dear=, caro, querido =debenture=, obligacion =to debit=, adeudar, cargar, debitar =debt=, deuda =decadence=, decadencia =deceased=, difunto =December=, Diciembre =to decide=, decidir, decidirse =decidedly=, decididamente =decision=, decision, dictamen =below deck=, bajo cubierta =on deck=, sobre cubierta =to declaim=, declamar =to declare=, declarar =decline=, baja =to decline=, venir a menos =to decree=, decretar =deeds=, hechos =deeds (law)=, actas =defect=, defecto =to defer=, diferir =to define=, definir =definite=, definitivo =degree=, grado, graduacion =delay=, demora =to delay=, demorar, postergar =delegate=, delegado =to commit a delinquency=, delinquir =to deliver=, entregar =delivery=, entrega =to demand=, pedir, demandar =demurrage=, sobrestadia =to deny=, negar =to depend on=, depender de =to deplore=, deplorar =depot=, deposito =to depress=, deprimir =to derive=, sacar =design=, dibujo, diseno =desire=, gana, deseo =to desire=, apetecer, desear =desk=, pupitre, banco =writing desk=, escritorio =despicable=, despreciable =detailed=, detallado =details=, detalles, pormenores, particulares =deterioration=, empeoramiento =to develop=, desarrollar, tomar vuelo =development=, desarrollo, fomento =to devote oneself=, dedicarse =devotion=, devocion =diapers=, lienzos adamascados =dictionary=, diccionario =different=, diferente, distinto =difficult=, dificil, arduo =difficulty=, dificultad =diligence=, diligencia =to direct=, dirigir =disappointed (to be)=, llevar chasco =disarmament=, desarme =to discard=, rechazar =to discharge=, descargar =to disconcert=, desanimar =to feel discouraged=, desanimarse =discreet=, discreto =to discuss=, discutir =disgusted=, disgustado =dishonour=, deshonra =to dispense with=, prescindir de =displeased=, disgustado =to dispose=, disponer =to distinguish=, distinguir =district=, distrito =disturbance=, disturbio =disturbed=, perturbado, disturbado =division (Govt. office)=, negociado =to do=, hacer =dock=, dique =doctor=, medico =doctrine=, doctrina =document=, documento =dog=, perro =door=, puerta =dot=, punto =doubt=, duda =down quilt=, colcha de plumon =dozen=, docena =draft=, giro =to drain=, agotar =draughtsman=, disenador =to draw a bill=, girar =to draw near=, aproximarse =to draw out=, sacar =to draw up (deeds)=, redactar =dress goods=, telas para trajes =drill=, dril =to drizzle=, lloviznar =drum (machinery)=, tambor =to duplicate=, duplicar =during=, durante
=E=
=each=, cada =eager=, ansioso, deseoso =eagle=, aguila =early=, temprano =to earn=, ganar =to be earnest=, tener empeno =earnestly=, vivamente =ease=, facilidad =east=, este =Easter=, Pascua =to eat=, comer =to economise=, ahorrar, economizar =to effect=, efectuar =effort=, esfuerzo =with great effort=, a duras penas =either= (after negative), tampoco =to elaborate=, elaborar =elegantly=, elegantemente =to embark=, embarcar =embarrassment=, embarazo apuro =to embezzle=, malversar =embossed=, grabado =to embrace=, abrazar, abarcar =embroidered=, bordado =to employ=, emplear =to be employed=, emplearse =employer=, jefe =empty=, vacio =to enable=, poner en condiciones =to enclose=, incluir, adjuntar =enclosed=, adjunto =to encounter=, exponerse a, arrostrar =encouragement=, fomento, estimulo =end=, cabo, fin =to endeavour, to treat, to try=, tratar =to endorse=, endosar =to engage=, empenar =engagement=, empeno =engine=, maquina =engineer=, ingeniero =to enhance=, elevar =to enjoy=, gozar, disfrutar de =to enjoy oneself=, divertirse =to enlarge=, agrandar =enlightened=, ilustrado =to enlist=, alistar =to be enough=, bastar =to entangle=, embrollar =to enter=, entrar en =enterprise=, empresa =enterprising=, emprendedor =to entrust=, confiar a =envy=, envidia =epoch=, epoca =equal=, igual =to equal=, igualar =equipment=, equipo =equity=, equidad =error=, error =to escape=, escapar =to escape one's notice=, pasarsele por alto a uno =especially=, mayormente =to establish=, establecer =to esteem=, estimar =eternally=, eternamente =this evening=, esta tarde =ever=, nunca =for ever=, eternamente =every=, cada =everybody=, todo el mundo, todos =exact=, exacto =examination=, examen =to exceed=, exceder =exceedingly=, mucho =excellent, very good=, optimo =to exchange=, trocar, cambiar =exclusive=, exclusivo =to excuse=, dispensar, disculpar =to execute=, ejecutar =exercise (gram.)=, tema (el) =to exert oneself=, afanarse =to exhaust=, apurar, agotar =to exhibit=, exhibir =to expect=, esperar =to experience=, experimentar =experienced=, experto =to experiment=, experimentar =expert=, perito =to explain=, explicar, explanar =to exploit=, explotar =export=, exportacion =exporter=, exportador =to expose oneself to=, exponerse a, arrostrar =to extend=, extender =extension of time for payment=, moratorium, moratoria =extinguished=, apagado =eye=, ojo
=F=
=face=, cara =to face=, hacer frente =to facilitate=, allanar =facility=, facilidad =fact=, hecho =to fade=, destenir =to fail=, faltar =failure=, exito malo =failure=, fracaso =fair=, equitativo, justo =fairness=, equidad =faithful=, fiel =to fall=, caer =fall= (n.), caida, baja =to fall due=, vencer =to fall through=, fracasar =fame=, fama =famous=, famoso =fancies=, fantasias =far away=, lejos =farewell=! ivale! =farthing=, fardin =by fast train=, a grande velocidad =father=, padre =fatherland=, patria =fault=, falta =at fault=, culpado =favour=, obsequio =favourable=, favorable =fear=, miedo, tema (f.) =February=, Febrero =feel=, tacto =to feel=, sentir =fender=, guardafuego =few=, pocos, (-as) =field=, campo =fig-tree=, higuera =to fight=, batirse, luchar, pelear =figured=, labrado =figures=, cifras =file=, ensartapapeles, guardapapeles =to file (papers), to string (beads)=, ensartar =to file a petition in bankruptcy=, declararse en quiebra =to finance=, comanditar =to find=, encontrar, hallar =fine=, hermoso =fine= (n.), multa =finish=, acabado, apresto, aderezo =to finish=, acabar =fir=, abeto =fire-arms=, armas de fuego =firebricks=, ladrillos refractarios =firm, fast, strong=, fuerte =firm=, casa =firm= (adj.), firme, fijo =firmness=, firmeza =to fix=, fijar =fixed=, fijo =to flatter oneself=, lisonjearse =flange=, reborde =flax=, lino =flourishing=, floreciente =flower=, flor =flower-stand=, portaramillete (portarramillete), maceta, florero =to fly=, volar =fly-wheel=, volante =to fold=, plegar =to follow=, seguir =fond of=, aficionado a =food-stuffs=, generos alimenticios =foolish=, tonto =at foot=, al pie =footwear=, calzado =for=, para, por =to force=, forzar =forehead=, la frente =foreign=, extranjero =foreign to=, ajeno a =foreigner=, extranjero =foreman=, capataz =foremast=, trinquete =fork=, tenedor =form=, boletin, forma =formal=, formal =formerly=, antes =fortunately=, afortunadamente =fortune=, fortuna, suerte =to forward=, encaminar =to found=, fundar =foundry=, altos hornos =fountain=, fuente =fox=, zorra =frame,-ing (mach.)=, armadura =free=, libre =free of particular average (F.P.A.)=, franco de averia particular =to freeze=, helar =freight=, flete =to freight=, fletar =French beans=, judias =frequently=, frecuentemente =Friday=, viernes =friend=, amigo =friendly=, amistoso =friendship=, amistad =to frighten=, amedrentar =to be frightened=, espantarse =frilled=, alechugado =fringe=, franja =frock coat=, levita =front=, el frente =frost=, hielo, escarcha =frost-bitten=, tornado por la escarcha =fruit=, fruta =fruit= (of labour), fruto =full=, lleno =in full=, entero (por) =funds=, fondos =furious=, enfurecido, furioso =furniture=, muebles =blast furnace=, altos hornos =fustian=, fustan
=G=
=to gain=, ganar =gallon=, galon =garden=, jardin =gardener=, jardinero, hortelano =to gather=, recoger =gaudy= (colour), chillon =gearing=, engranaje =general=, general =generous=, generoso =gentle=, blando, suave =gentleman=, senor =gentleman by birth=, hidalgo (hijodalgo) =to get=, conseguir, obtener =to get back= (money), sacar =to get on well=, llevarse bien =to get out=, sacar =to get to know=, enterarse =ginghams=, guingas, carranclanes =to give=, dar =to give back=, devolver =to give on lease=, alquilar =to give thanks=, dar las gracias =to gladden=, alegrar =glassware=, vidriado =glove=, guante =glutted=, abarrotado =to go=, ir, andar =to go away=, marcharse, alejarse =God=, Dios =to go down=, bajar =gold=, oro =goloshes=, chanclos =good=, bueno, el bien =goods=, generos =goods, merchandise=, mercancia =goodwill=, voluntad =goodwill= (of a business), traspaso =to go out=, salir =to go out (fire)=, apagarse =to go over=, repasar =to go round=, circular =gossip=, charla =to govern=, gobernar =government=, gobierno =grace, gracefulness=, gracia =gradation=, gradacion =grain=, grano =grain market=, mercado de granos =to grant=, conceder =grape=, uva =gratis=, de balde =gratitude=, gratitud =gratuitous=, gratuito =gratuity=, gratificacion =great=, gran, grande =great grandfather=, bisabuelo =greatly=, mucho =greed=, codicia =green=, verde =green peas=, guisantes =grey=, gris =to grind=, moler =ground=, suclo =group=, grupo, agrupacion =to grow dark=, anochecer =to guarantee=, garantir, garantizar
=H=
=to hail=, granizar =hail=! isalve! =hair=, cabello=, pelo =half=, medio=, la mitad =ham=, jamon =to hammer=, machacar =hammers=, martillos =hand=, mano =to hand=, pasar, entregar =handkerchief=, panuelo =handle=, mango =to hang=, colgar =to happen=, ocurrir, suceder, acertar a =harbour=, puerto =hard=, duro =hare=, liebre =harrows=, rastrillos =harvest, harvest time=, cosecha =haste=, prisa =to hasten=, apresurar (se) =hat=, sombrero =hatchets=, hachuelas =to have=, tener, haber =to have just=, acabar de =head=, cabeza =headache=, dolor de cabeza =health (indifferent)=, delicado de salud =healthy=, salubre =to heap up=, amontar =to hear=, oir =heat=, calor =heaven=, cielo =heavy=, pesado =heavy sea=, mar alborotada =hedged in=, aislado =heels=, tacones =to help=, asistir, ayudar =help (not to be able to)=, no poder menos de =hemmed=, dobladillado, repulgado =hemp, Manilla hemp=, canamo, abaca =hemstitched=, con dobladilla de ojo =her=, su =here=, aqui, aca =herewith=, adjunto =hides=, cueros =to hinder=, impedir =to hint, to allude=, aludir a =to hire=, alquilar =his=, su =history=, historia =to hit it=, dar en el clavo =hitch=, contratiempo =hoist=, ascensor =hold (ship)=, bodega =to hold=, tener =to hold up=, mantener =holder=, tenedor =hollow-ware=, olleria =holy, saint=, santo =honesty=, honradez =honorary=, honorario, gratuito =honour=, honor =to honour=, honrar =hook (clothes)=, garabato =horse=, caballo =hose=, manga =hose (half)=, medias, calcetines =hosiery=, medieria =hotel=, fonda, hotel =hour=, hora =house, firm=, casa =house (branch)=, sucursal =hub=, buje =hundred=, cien, ciento =hurry=, prisa =to hurt=, doler =husband=, marido, esposo
=I=
=if=, si =idleness, inertia=, inercia =ignoble=, innoble =ill=, enfermo, malo =to illustrate=, ilustrar =illustrious=, ilustre =immediate=, inmediato =imperfection=, defecto =importance=, importancia =imports=, importaciones =to impose=, imponer =impropriety=, inconveniencia =to improve=, mejorar =improvement=, mejora, mejoria =in case=, en caso que =inclination=, gana =to include=, incluir, abarcar =inconvenience=, inconveniente =to increase=, aumentar, tomar vuelo =indemnity=, indemnizacion =to indicate=, indicar =industry=, industria =inferior=, inferior, basto =an infinite number=, una infinidad =infinitesimal=, infimo =to inform=, imponer, informar =information=, informes =to infringe=, atropellar por =in full=, por entero =infuriated=, enfurecido =ingratitude=, ingratitud =inhabitants=, habitantes, vecinos =injunction=, mandato =injury=, dano =ink=, tinta =inkstand=, tintero =in order=, en regla, de conformidad =in proportion as=, a medida que =inside=, dentro de =to insist=, insistir, porfiar, machacar =by instalments=, a plazos =instant (month)=, actual, corriente =instead of=, en lugar de, en vez de =instruction=, disposicion, instruccion =insurance=, seguro =insurance policy=, poliza de seguro =to insure=, asegurar =intelligence=, inteligencia =to intend=, proponerse, intentar =intention=, intencion =interest=, interes =interesting=, interesante =interim=, provisorio, interino =interior=, interior =to interpret=, interpretar =to intervene=, intervenir, mediar =interview=, intervista =in the long run=, a la larga =to introduce (one to another)=, presentar =in truth=, a la verdad =in vain=, en balde =to invest=, invertir (dinero) =to investigate=, averiguar, apurar =to invoice=, facturar =invoice=, factura =invoice book=, libro de facturas =irrigation=, regardio =iron=, hierro =iron-clad=, acorazado =iron, pig=, lingotes de hierro =ironware=, ferreteria =island=, isla =isolated=, aislado =to issue=, emitir, publicar =its=, su
=J=
=Jack (machinery)=, gato =jacket=, americana, chaqueta, casaca =jaconets=, chaconadas =January=, Enero =jeans=, coquillos =jerked beef=, carne seca, tasajo =jobs=, generos imperfectos =journey (by sea)=, travesia =homeward journey=, viaje de vuelta =outward journey=, viaje de ida =judicious=, juicioso =juicy=, jugoso =July=, Julio =June=, Junio =just=, justo, cabal =just a little bit=, un si es no es =jute=, jute, yute =to justify=, justificar
=K=
=keen=, agudo =kind=, bondadoso =kindness=, amabilidad =king=, rey =kingdom=, reino =knife=, cuchillo =to know (a person, thing)=, conocer =to know (by heart)=, saber =knowledge=, conocimiento, doctrina
=L=
=label=, etiqueta, rotulo =labour=, labor, mano de obra =laborious=, laborioso =lace=, encaje =to lack=, carecer, faltar =lad=, muchacho =lady=, senora =land=, terreno =landlord=, propietario =language=, el idioma, la lengua =lard=, lardo, manteca de puerco =large=, grande =large number=, (un) sinnumero =larger=, mayor =to last=, durar =late (deceased)=, difunto =late=, tarde =lately=, ultimamente =later=, mas adelante =lathe=, torno =to laugh, to laugh at=, reirse =law=, ley =lawns=, linones, olanes, batistas =lawsuit=, proceso =lawyer=, abogado =to lay before one=, presentar =lay days=, dias de estadia =lazy=, holgazan =lead=, plomo =to lead=, conducir =to leak=, abrir agua, rezumar =leakage=, merma =to learn=, aprender =to leave=, dejar =ledger=, libro mayor =left=, izquierda =leg=, pierna =legal means=, tramites de la ley =lemon=, limon =to lend=, prestar =lesson=, leccion =lest=, no sea que, de miedo que =to let=, dejar =letter=, carta, escrito =level=, nivel =to level=, allanar =liabilities=, pasivo, pasividades =liable for=, responsable =library=, biblioteca =to lie in bed=, guardar cama =life=, vida =lifeless=, desanimado =lift=, ascensor =light (colour)=, claro =to lighten=, relampaguear =to like=, gustar a uno =limit=, limite =to limit=, limitar =limitation=, limitacion =limited company=, sociedad anonima, por acciones =line=, linea =line (of business)=, ramo =linen damask=, alemanisco =linens=, lienzos =linens (unbleached)=, lienzos morenos =lining=, forro =to liquidate=, liquidar =to listen=, escuchar =little=, poco (adv.), pequeno (adj.) =to live=, vivir =lively=, vivo =living=, vida =to load=, cargar =loaf=, pan =loan=, emprestito =lobster=, langosta =lock=, cerradura =to lock=, cerrar con llave =lock-out=, cierre =locomotive=, locomotora =long=, largo =to look=, mirar =to look for=, buscar, apetecer =looking up (market)=, haber mejora en =look out=! iojo!, atencion! =to look over=, repasar =loom=, telar =loose colours=, colores fugitives =to lose=, perder =loss=, perdida quebranto =lot=, partida =cheap lot=, ganga =job lot=, imperfectos =to love=, amar =love=, amor =luck=, suerte =lucky=, dichoso, afortunado =lump sum=, suma redonda
=M=
=machine=, maquina =machinery=, maquinaria =mad=, loco =maidservant=, criada =to maintain (oneself)=, mantener (se) =maize=, maiz =to make=, hacer =to make a mistake=, equivocarse =to make a slip of the tongue=, correrse =to make a start=, principiar, estrenarse =main mast=, palo mayor =to make fun of=, burlarse =to make good=, compensar =to make one's appearance=, aparecer =to make over=, ceder =to make up=, confeccionar =to make up one's mind=, decidir (se) =man=, hombre =manager=, gerente, administrador =to manifest=, manifestar =manner=, manera, modo =manservant=, criado =manufacturer=, fabricante =marble=, marmol =March=, Marzo =margarine=, margarina =mark=, marca, senal =market=, mercado =market-place=, plaza =to marry=, casar (se) con =masonry=, mamposteria =master=, amo, maestro =master spinner=, contramaestre de filatura =to match=, igualar =matches=, fosforos =matter=, asunto =to matter=, importar =May=, mayo =mayor=, alcalde =means=, medio =in the meantime=, en el interin =meanwhile=, mientras tanto =measure=, medida =meat=, carne =mechanism=, mecanismo =to meet=, encontrar =to meet (bills)=, hacer frente =to meet requirements=, corresponder a las necesidades =meeting=, reunion, junta, mitin =megaphone=, bocina =mellow=, suave =member=, miembro =to mention=, citar, mencionar, hacer mencion =merchandise, goods=, mercancia =merchant=, comerciante, negociante =method=, metodo =metre=, metro =mild=, apacible =mile=, milla =milk=, la leche =milliner=, modista =million=, millon =mind=, la mente =miner=, minero =minimum=, minimo =minister=, ministro =ministry=, ministerio =mint of money=, dineral =miser, miserly=, avaro, avariento =misfortune=, desgracia, quebranto =mishap=, quebranto, contratiempo =mislaid (of a paper)=, traspapelado =mistake=, equivocacion, error =mizzen mast=, palo de mesana =to mock=, reirse =mohair=, moer =Monday=, lunes =money=, dinero =money market=, mercado bursatil =month=, mes =monthly=, mensual =moratorium=, moratoria =more=, mas =morning=, manana =morocco leather=, cordoban =mortgage=, hipoteca =to mortgage=, hipotecar =mother=, madre =motive power=, fuerza motriz =motor-car=, automovil =motor-boat=, barca a motor, automovil =mountain=, monte, montana =mounting (machinery)=, montaje =mourning=, luto =mouth=, boca =to move=, mover =much=, mucho =muffler=, bufanda =municipality=, concejo, cabildo, ayuntamiento, corporacion =museum=, museo =muslin=, muselina =must=, deber =muster=, agrupacion
=N=
=nail=, clavo =nainsook=, nansu =name=, nombre, fama =nankeen=, nanquin =nation=, nacion, pais =native=, indigena =near= (adj.), cercano =near to=, junto a, cerca de =necessary=, necesario =to be necessary=, ser menester =to need=, haber menester, precisar =needle=, aguja =neighbour=, competitor, contrincante, vecino, projimo =neither=, tampoco =net=, neto, liquido =net revenue=, ingresos netos =new=, nuevo =news=, noticias =newspaper=, periodico =next=, proximo =nickel-plated=, niquelado =night, evening=, noche =nobleness=, hidalguia nobleza =non-acceptance=, falta de aceptacion =no one=, ninguno =north=, norte =nose=, nariz =note=, esquela, nota =note of hand=, pagare =nothing=, nada =for nothing=, de balde =notice=, aviso =notice (of dismissal)=, aviso de despedida =to notice=, advertir, reparar =notwithstanding=, no obstante, sin embargo =November=, Noviembre =now=, ahora =number=, numero =nuts (mach.)=, tuercas
=O=
=oak=, roble, encina =oats=, avena =object=, objeto =objection=, dificultad =objectionable=, reprensible =obligation=, empeno, obligacion =to oblige=, complacer, agradar, contentar =to observe=, observar =to obstruct=, obstruir =to obtain=, conseguir, obtener =occasion=, ocasion =occupations=, quehaceres =to occur=, ocurrir =ocean=, oceano =October=, Octubre =Octroi duties=, impuesto de consumos =octroi office=, fielato =odd (20 odd)=, y pico (veinte y pico) =of course=, por de contado =offer=, ofrecimiento, oferta =to offer=, ofrecer =office=, oficina, despacho =office (lawyer's)=, bufete (de abogado) =office boy (jocularly)=, hortera =of no avail=, de balde =often=, a menudo =oil=, aceite =old=, viejo, antiguo =old age=, vejez =omnibus=, omnibus =on=, sobre =on deck=, sobre cubierta =onion=, cebolla =only= (adj.), solo =only= (adv.), solo, solamente =to open=, abrir =opening=, apertura =openly=, a las claras, claro y redondo =to operate=, obrar =operations=, operaciones =operator=, operador =opportunity=, oportunidad =to oppose=, oponerse a =orange=, naranja =orchard=, huerta, huerto =to order=, mandar, pedir =order=, orden, pedido, encargo =ordinary=, ordinario =to organise=, organizar =osnaburgs=, cregueelas =other=, otro =other people's property=, (lo) ajeno =output=, producto =overdue=, atrasado =overhead=, aereo =to overload oneself=, sobrecargarse =to overstep=, exceder =to owe=, deber =owing to=, debido a =own=, propio =ox=, buey =ox casings=, tripas, de buey
=P=
=to pack=, empacar =packages=, bultos =packet=, paquete =page=, pagina =pain=, dolor =to pain=, doler =painful=, doloroso =paint=, pintura =pair=, par =palace=, palacio =pan (sugar manuf.)=, tacho, paila =paper=, papel =paper fasteners=, sujetapapeles =parcel=, paquete, partida =parents=, padres =parliamentary bill=, proyecto de ley =parliamentary session=, legislatura =part=, la parte =partner=, socio =pasha=, baja =to pass=, pasar =pattern sets or cards=, muestrarios =to pawn=, empenar =pause=, pausa =to pay=, pagar =to pay (to be advantageous)=, tener cuenta =payable=, pagadero =peace=, paz =peaches=, melocotones =pen=, pluma =penalty=, multa =pencil=, lapiz =penknife=, cortapluma =pen-nibs=, puntitas =penny=, penique =people=, gente, pueblo =pepper=, pimienta =perennial=, perenne =perfect=, perfecto =to perfect=, perfeccionar =perfectly=, perfectamente =perhaps=, talvez =petition=, peticion =phrase=, frase =philosophy=, filosofia =physician=, medico =pickled beef=, carne en salmuera =picks=, picos =pig=, puerco =pig-iron=, lingotes de hierro =pigeon-holes=, casillero =pin=, alfiler =pine=, pino =pink (col.)=, rosa =pipe=, tubo, pipa =pistol=, pistola =to place=, colocar, poner =place=, plaza, sitio =plain=, sencillo, simple =plan (idea)=, plan, proyecto =plan (sketch)=, piano =plane=, cepillo =plank=, tablon =plant=, planta =plate (metal)=, chapa =plausible=, atendible =pleasant, winsome, taking=, simpatico =to please=, gustar, placer =pleasure=, placer =pledge=, empenar =plough=, arado =pneumatic=, neumatico =pocket-book=, cartera =point=, punto =to point out=, indicar =to poke (fire)=, remover =poker=, atizador =politely=, cortesmente =pomegranates=, granadas =poor=, pobre =porch=, portico =port=, puerto =portfolio=, cartera =portmanteau=, maleta =position=, posicion =possess=, poseer =post=, correo, mala =to post=, echar al correo =postage=, franqueo, portes =postman=, cartero =to postpone=, aplazar, diferir =pound=, libra =power of attorney=, poder =powerful=, poderoso =practical=, practico =practically=, virtualmente =to precede=, preceder =precious=, precioso =preferable=, preferible =preference shares=, acciones preferentes =to prejudice=, comprometer =preliminary=, preliminar =premium=, premio, prima =present=, actual, presente =to present=, presentar, regalar =those present=, los reunidos =preserves=, conservas alimenticias =to press=, apremiar =pretty=, bonito =to prevail=, prevalecer, reinar =previous=, anterior =price=, precio =price list=, boletin, lista =principal=, principal =to print, printed=, imprimir, impreso =cotton prints=, zarazas, estampados =prize=, premio =to produce=, presentar, producir =product=, producto =professor=, profesor =profit and loss=, ganancias y perdidas =pro forma account=, cuenta simulada =to prohibit=, prohibir =project=, proyecto =promenade=, paseo =promissory note=, pagare =property=, hacienda, propiedad =to propose=, proponer =proof=, ensayo, prueba =prospects=, perspectivas =to prosper=, medrar =proud=, ufano =to prove=, probar =proverb=, refran =to provide=, proveer =provided that=, con tal que =prudent=, prudente =to punish, to chastise=, castigar =pupil=, discipulo =to purchase=, comprar =to purify, to exhaust, to investigate=, apurar =to purpose=, proponerse =to put=, poner =to put off=, postergar =to put out=, desconcertar =to put out of gear=, descomponer =to put up=, llevar =to put up with=, soportar
=Q=
=quality=, calidad =quantity=, cantidad =quarter=, cuarto =queen=, reina =queer=, extrano =question=, cuestion, asunto =in question=, consabido =to question=, dudar, preguntar =quick=, pronto =quiet=, tranquilo, sobrio, apagado (colour) =quilting=, acolchado =quire=, mano =quite candidly=, con el corazon en la mano =quota=, cuota =quotation=, cotizacion, (cita) =to quote=, citar, cotizar
=R=
=to rack one's brains=, devanarse los sesos =rails=, carriles, rieles, railes =railway=, ferrocarril =rain=, lluvia =to rain=, llover =raisins=, pasas =ratepayer=, contribuyente, vecino =rattan furniture=, muebles de bejuco =rays=, rayos =razor=, navaja de afeitar =to read=, leer =reading=, lectura =ready=, pronto, listo =ready money=, dinero efectivo =reason=, razon =reasonable=, razonable, arreglado =rebate=, rebaja, reduccion =to make a rebate=, bonificar =to recapitulate=, resumir =receipt=, recibo =to receive=, acoger, recibir =reception=, recibo =to recommend=, recomendar, abonar =record=, colmo =to record=, consignar =to have recourse=, acudir a =to recover=, recobrar =red=, encarnado, rojo =to reduce=, reducir =reduction=, rebaja, reduccion =to refer=, referir =references=, informes =to reflect=, reflexionar =reflection=, reflejo =refreshment=, refresco =to refund=, refundir =refusal=, negativa =to refuse=, rehusar, negarse a =regardless of expense=, sin mirar a gastos =region=, comarca =to register (letters, etc.)=, certificar =registered office (of a firm)=, domicilio =regulations=, reglamentos =to reign=, reinar =to reject=, rechazar =to rejoice=, alegrarse =to relate=, contar, dar cuenta =relating to=, acerca de =to remain=, quedar =remainder=, resto, restante =to remark=, observar =remiss=, lento, moroso =to remit, to send=, remitir =remittance=, remesa =remnants=, restos =to remove=, remover, quitar =to render help=, prestar ayuda =to rent=, alquilar =to repeat=, repetir =to repent=, arrepentirse =to reply=, contestar, responder =report=, informe, parte, relacion =to report=, dar cuenta =to represent=, representar =representative=, representante =reputation=, fama =request=, peticion =to require=, requerir, exigir =requirements=, necesidades =to reserve=, reservar =to reside=, residir, vivir =residence=, domicilio =resources=, recursos =respect=, respeto =to respect=, respetar =respectable=, formal, respetable =with respect to=, con respecto a, respecto de =result=, resultado =to resume=, reanudar =retail=, al por menor =to return=, devolver, regresar =revenue=, ingresos =review=, revista =to revoke=, revocar =reward=, premio =ribbon=, cinta =rice=, arroz =rich, richly=, rico, acaudalado, ricamente =to get rid of=, librarse, deshacerse de =ridiculously low (of prices)=, irrisorio =right=, derecho, justo =to be right=, tener razon =rim=, reborde =riot=, motin =rise=, alza, aumento =risk=, riesgo, peligro =risky=, arriesgado, peligroso =river=, rio =to rob=, robar =to rock (a cradle)=, mecer =roll=, rollo =to roll=, arrollar =roller=, cilindro =room=, cuarto, cabida =rope=, soga =rose=, rosa =rotten=, podrido =rough and ready man=, hombre llano =round=, redondo =route=, via =rubber=, caucho, goma elastica =rubber heels (revolving)=, rodajas de goma =rug=, tapete =to ruin=, echar a perder, arruinar =to rule=, regir, gobernar, dominar, reinar =rule=, regla, regimen =ruler=, regla =rumour=, rumor, especie =to run=, correr =to run down=, atropellar =to run to=, acudir a
=S=
=sad=, triste =safely=, sin novedad, a salvamento =sail=, vela =sailing vessel=, velero=, buque=, de vela =saint, holy=, santo =salary=, sueldo =sale=, venta =salvage=, salvamento =same=, mismo =sardines=, sardinas =sash=, cinto =satins (brocaded)=, satines (brochados) =satisfied=, satisfecho =Saturday=, Sabado =to save=, ahorrar =sawing machine=, sierra mecanica =to say=, decir, manifestar =scalloped=, festoneado =scandalous=, escandaloso =scarcely=, apenas =schooner=, goleta =science=, ciencia =scissors=, tijeras =to scold=, reconvenir =score=, veintena =screw (of a boat)=, helice (el or la) =screws=, tornillos =not over-scrupulous=, de manga ancha =scuttle=, caja de carbon =seal=, sello =to seal=, sellar =sealing-wax=, lacre =to search=, buscar =season=, estacion, temporada =to seat=, asentar =secretary=, secretario =to secure=, asegurar =securities=, valores =to see=, ver =seeing that=, visto que =to seem=, parecer =to select=, elegir, escoger =selection=, surtido =to sell=, vender =selvedge=, orilla =senate=, senado =to send=, enviar, mandar, remitir =to send back=, devolver =to send a remittance=, hacer una remesa =to send for=, mandar buscar =sensible=, discreto, juicioso =sentence=, frase =September=, Setiembre =sergeant=, sargento =series=, la serie =to serve=, servir =service=, servicio, utilidad =session (parliamentary)=, legislatura =to set out=, partir =set of patterns=, muestrario =to settle=, arreglar, definir, liquidar =settlement=, saldo =several=, varios =shade (of colour)=, el matiz =shame=, vergueenza =shape=, forma =share=, accion =shareholder=, accionista =sharp=, agudo =shawl=, chal =shears=, cizallas =sheet (bed)=, sabana =shell-fish=, mariscos =to shelter=, abrigar =shilling=, chelin =ship=, barco, buque, navio =to ship=, embarcar =shipment=, remesa, embarque =shipowners=, armadores =shipper=, exportador =shirt=, camisa =shocking=, escandaloso =shoes=, zapatos =shop=, tienda =shopkeeper=, tendero =short=, corto =short cut=, atajo =shortly=, en breve=, proximamente =shoulder=, espalda =shout=, grito =shovel=, pala =to show=, mostrar, acusar, exhibir, hacer constar, ensenar =shrewd=, fino =to shrink=, encojerse =shrivelled=, encojido =shrunk=, encojido =side=, lado =side arms=, armas blancas =sight=, vista =to sight=, avistar =sign=, senal =to sign=, firmar =signature=, firma =signed guarantee=, indemnidad =to be silent=, callarse =silk=, seda =silk hat=, sombrero de copa =silver=, plata =similar=, semejante =simpleton=, tonto, necio =sincere=, sincero =sincere man=, hombre llano =sincerity=, sinceridad =single, simple, plain=, simple =sister-in-law=, cunada =skates=, patines =sketch=, croquis =skin=, piel =sky=, cielo =sky-blue=, azul celeste =slack=, flojo =slackness=, flojedad =slate colour=, plomo =sleep=, sueno =to sleep=, dormir =slender=, exiguo =slight=, exiguo, ligero =slip=, boletin, volante =slope=, cuesta =slow=, lento, moroso, tardo =by slow train=, a pequena velocidad =slowly=, despacio =sly=, socarron =small=, pequeno, exiguo =smaller=, menor =smallware=, quincalla =smile=, sonrisa =to smoke (of a chimney)=, humear =smooth=, liso =smuggling=, matute =to snow=, nevar =snow=, nieve =so and so=, fulano =so, as … as=, tan … como =society=, sociedad =socks=, calcetines =soda=, soda, sosa =sofa=, el sofa =soft=, blando, suave =to soften=, ablandar =soil=, suelo =soldier=, soldado =sole=, exclusivo =solely=, unicamente =to solicit=, solicitar =solicitor=, abogado (procurador legal) =solidity=, solidez =some=, algun, alguno, algunos, unos =something=, algo =somewhat=, algo =soon=, pronto =sordid=, ruin =sorrow=, dolor =to be sorry=, sentir =so that=, de modo que, para que =so to say=, por decirlo asi =sour=, agrio =source=, fuente, manantial =source (to have from a good)=, tener de buena tinta =south=, sur, sud =space=, cabida =spades=, palas =Spanish=, espanol =Spanish peas=, garbanzos =spare pieces (machinery)=, piezas de repuesto =sparrow=, gorrion =to speak=, hablar =to speak for=, abonar =species=, especie =speculation=, especulacion =speed=, prisa =speedy=, pronto =to spend=, gastar =spices=, especias =to spin=, hilar =spinner=, hilador =in spite of=, a pesar de =to spoil=, gastar, echar a perder =spoon=, cuchara =spokes=, rayos =spot=, mancha, punto, sitio =spot cotton=, algodon disponible =spring=, resorte =spring (season)=, primavera =squeamish=, melindroso =to squeeze out=, exprimir, arrancar =squire=, hijodalgo, hidalgo =stain=, mancha =stamp=, timbre =stamp-rack=, porta-estampillas =stamps (postage)=, sellos =standard-bearer=, porta-bandera =standing=, posicion =to start from=, arrancar de =statement=, cuenta =statistics=, estadisticas =stay=, estancia =to steal=, robar =steam-engine=, maquina a vapor =steamer=, buque de vapor, vapor =steel=, acero =step=, paso =stick=, garrote =still=, todavia =sting=, herida (fig.) =to stir=, remover =stockings=, medias =stock-jobber=, agiotista =stocks=, existencias =stool=, escano =to stop payment=, suspender los pagos =to stop short in the middle of one's speech=, cortarse =stores=, depositos, almacenes =storm=, temporal, tormenta =stove=, estufa, calorifero =stowage=, estiva =straight=, derecho =straightforward=, recto, leal =to strain=, forzar =strange=, extrano =street=, calle =to stretch=, extender =strike=, huelga =striped goods=, listados =stripes=, rayas =stroll=, paseo =strong, fast, firm=, fuerte =to struggle against=, luchar =to study=, estudiar =to stumble=, tropezar =subject=, asunto =to submit=, someter =subsidence=, hundimiento =to succeed=, suceder =to succeed in=, conseguir, obtener =success=, buen exito =such, such a=, tal =sudden=, repentino =to suffer=, sufrir =suffering=, sufrimiento =to suffice=, bastar =sugar=, azucar =sugar mill=, trapiche =suitings=, panos =sum=, suma =summer=, verano =to summon=, citar ante los tribunales =sun=, sol =Sunday=, domingo =supper=, cena =to suppose=, suponer =to suppress=, suprimir =supply and demand=, demanda y oferta =to supply oneself=, abastecerse =surety=, fiador =surface=, superficie =to surprise=, maravillar =surprising=, sorprendente =to suspect=, sospechar =to sweep=, barrer =sword=, espada =symptoms=, sintomas
=T=
=table=, mesa =table (of figures)=, cuadro =tact=, tacto =tailor=, sastre =to take=, tomar =to take amiss=, tomar a mal =to take away=, quitar =to take care (of oneself)=, cuidar(se) =to take charge=, encargarse =to take into consideration=, tener en cuenta =to take into tow=, traer a remolque, remolcar =to take much trouble=, afanarse =to take notice=, hacer caso =to take on lease=, alquilar, tomar en arriendo =to take place=, verificarse =to take steps=, dar pasos =to take the start=, tomar la delantera =to take up=, recoger =tallow greaves=, heces de sebo =tariff reform=, reforma arancelaria =task=, tarea =tax=, impuesto =tea=, te =to teach=, ensenar =teaching=, ensenanza =teeth=, dientes =to telephone=, telefonear =to tell=, decir =temper=, genio =temporarily=, temporalmente =tenant=, inquilino =tender=, tierno =term=, plazo =terms=, condiciones =textile=, textil =textiles=, tejidos =to thank=, agradecer =thanks to … =, merced a … =that=, ese,-a,-o, aquel-lla-llo, que =their=, su =then=, entonces, luego, pues =there=, alla, alli, ahi =therefore=, portanto =there is=, =there are=, hay =there to be=, haber =thick=, grueso, espeso =thief=, ladron =thimble=, dedal =thing=, cosa =to think=, creer, pensar =third= (frac.), tercio =thirst=, sed =this=, este,-a,-o =thousand=, mil =threshing machines=, trilladores =to throw=, echar =to thunder=, tronar =Thursday=, jueves =ticket, etiqueta=, rotulo =ticking=, terliz =timber=, madera =time=, tiempo, epoca =at the same time=, al mismo tiempo, a la par que =tin=, estano =to tire=, cansar =to-day=, hoy =ton=, tonelada =tongs=, tenazas =tongue=, lengua =too (also)=, tambien =too, too much=, demasiado =tools=, herramientas =top=, cima =touch=, tacto =to tow=, traer a remolque, remolcar =towards=, para con, hacia =to what extent?=, ?hasta que punto? =town=, ciudad, poblacion, villa, pueblo =trade=, comercio =trade union=, asociacion de obreros =train=, tren =to transport=, tra(n)sportar =to travel=, viajar =traveller= (commercial), viajante =traveller= (tourist, etc.), viajero =treasure=, tesoro =to treat=, =to try=, =to endeavour=, tratar =tree=, arbol =trial=, prueba, ensayo =trick=, enganifa =trifles=, pequeneces =to trifle with=, burlarse =trifling amount=, una friolera =trimmings=, guarniciones, adornos =trouserings=, telas para pantalones =trousers=, pantalones =trunk=, baul =truss=, fardito =trust=, confianza =trustworthy=, fidedigno =to trust=, confiar =trustee=, sindico =truth=, verdad =to try=, probar, tratar =Tuesday=, martes =Turkey red handkerchiefs=, panuelos de Andrinopolis =turn for the worse=, empeoramiento =to turn=, volver =turnover=, giro =twill=, asargado, cruzado, aterlizado, diagonal =twine=, bramante =to twist=, torcer =tyres=, llantas
=U=
=umpire=, arbitro =uncertainty=, incertidumbre =uncle=, tio =under=, debajo de =to undersell=, malbaratar =to understand=, comprender, entender =to undertake=, comprometerse, emprender =undertaking=, empresa =uneasiness=, malcontento =unfavorable=, desfavorable =to unfold=, desplegar =unforeseen=, imprevisto =unhappy, unfortunate=, desdichado, infeliz =unless=, a menos que =unloading=, descarga =unnavigable=, innavegable =unprecedented=, sin precedente =unripe=, inmaturo, verde =unsuitability=, inconveniencia =until=, hasta que =unwillingly=, de mala gana =upon=, sobre =upright=, integro, cabal =to upset=, desconcertar =to urge=, apremiar, apresurar =to use for the first time=, estrenar =useful=, util =usefulness=, utilidad =utility=, utilidad
=V=
=vagabonds, (company of)=, hampa =value=, valor =valve=, valvula =variety=, variedad =varnish=, el barniz =velvet=, terciopelo =velveteen=, pana =venture=, ensayo =very=, muy =vest=, chaleco =via=, via =to vie with=, trabajar, ir, a porfia, haberselas con =view=, vista =villa=, quinta =village=, pueblo =vineyards=, vinas =violet=, violeta =virtue=, virtud =to visit=, visitar =vivid=, vivo =vividly=, vivamente =viz=., es decir, a saber =vocabulary=, vocabulario
=W=
=wages=, sueldo =waistcoat=, chaleco =to wait for=, esperar =to wait upon=, visitar =to wake up=, despertar =walk=, paseo =to walk=, andar =to want=, necesitar, querer =to be wanted=, hacer falta =to be wanting=, faltar =want of foresight=, imprevidencia =war=, guerra =warehouse=, almacen =warehouseman=, almacenero, dependiente de almacen =to warn=, advertir =to take warning=, escarmentar =warrant=, cedula =to warrant=, justificar =to waste=, desperdiciar, malgastar =waste-paper basket=, cestilla =watch=, reloj =to watch over=, vigilar =water=, agua =way=, manera, modo, via =wealth=, riqueza =wealthy=, acaudalado =to wear=, gastar, llevar =to wear for the first time=, estrenar =wearing apparel=, vestidos, ropa, hato =to weave=, tejer =weaver=, tejedor =webbing=, tejido elastico =Wednesday=, miercoles =week=, semana =weight=, peso =to welcome=, agasajar =well=, bien, pues =west=, oeste =to wet=, banar =whale=, ballena =what=, que (inter.), lo que =wheat=, trigo =when=, cuando =whenever=, cuandoquiera =where=, donde =wherever=, dondequiera =whether=, si, sea que =which=, que, el cual =whichever=, cualquiera =while=, mientras =whim=, antojo =Whitsuntide=, Pentecostes =white=, blanco =who=, que, quien, el cual =whoever=, quienquiera, cualquiera =wholesale=, al por mayor =whom=, quien =whose=, cuyo =wicked=, malo =widower=, viudo =width=, anchura, ancho =wife=, mujer, esposa =will=, voluntad =to win=, vencer =to win over=, granjearse =wind=, viento =window=, ventana =wine=, vino =wine (adj.)=, vinicolo =winsome=, simpatico =winter=, invierno =wireless=, radiograma =wise=, juicioso, sabio =to wish=, desear =to wish to have=, querer =wishful=, deseoso =with great effort=, a duras penas =within=, dentro de =without=, sin, sin que =woman=, mujer =to wonder=, maravillarse =to be wont=, soler =wood=, madera =wool=, lana =word=, palabra, vocablo =to work=, trabajar, obrar =to work (mines)=, explotar =workman=, obrero, operario =workshop=, taller =world=, mundo =world (adj.)=, mundial =worth=, valor =to be worth=, poseer, valer =to be worth while=, valer la pena =wound=, herida =to wound=, herir =wrap=, bata =wreck=, naufragar =to wreck=, echar a perder =to wrench=, arrancar =to write=, escribir =to write to each other=, escribirse =writer=, escritor =writing (n.)=, letra, escrito =writing desk=, escritorio =writing pad=, carpeta =written agreement=, contrato =to wrangle with someone=, haberselas con uno =on the wrong side=, al reves
=Y=
=yard=, yarda =yard (Spanish)=, vara =yarn=, hilado =year=, ano =yellow=, amarillo =yes=, si =yesterday=, ayer =yet=, todavia, aun =to yield, to submit=, ceder, darse a partido =young=, joven =young age=, juventud =young man, woman=, joven =youth=, juventud
=Z=
=zinc=, zinc
APPENDIX I
PRINCIPAL EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE ON SPANISH GENDER BY TERMINATION
1. Words of Greek etymology ending in ma—
El dilema (the dilemma)
El diploma (the diploma)
El epigrama (the epigram)
El problema (the problem)
El sintoma (the symptom)
El telegrama (the telegram)
etc., etc.
But La amalgama (the amalgamation)
La diadema (the diadem)
La estratagema (the stratagem)
La proclama (the proclamation)
2. Most of the compound nouns (very few in number)—
El cortaplumas (the penknife)
El guardacosta (the coasting-vessel)
El paraguas (the umbrella)
El tirabala (the popgun)
3. El dia (the day)
El Etna (Etna (volcano))
El mapa (the map)
El sofa (the sofa)
El Volga [210] (the Volga)
And all words ending in accented a.
[Footnote 210: And all rivers and mountains ending in a.]
4. Masculine nouns ending in d—
El adalid (the warrior or chieftain)
El ardid (the trick)
El ataud (coffin)
El cesped (the turf, lawn)
El sud (the south)
5. Masculine nouns ending in ion—
El embrion (the embryo)
El gorrion (the sparrow)
El morrion (parts of an armour)
El sarampion (measles)
6. Feminine nouns ending in i or y—
La diocesi (the diocese)
La grey (the flock)
La ley (the law)
La metropoli (the metropolis)
Almost all.
7. Feminine noun ending in j— La troj (the granary)
8. Feminine nouns ending in l—
La cal (lime)
La capital (capital—town)
La carcel (prison)
La col (cabbage)
La miel (honey)
La piel (skin)
La sal (salt)
La senal (signal)
La vocal (vowel)
And a few more.
9. Feminine nouns ending in n—
La cargazon (the load)
La crin (the horsehair)
La desazon (the ailment)
La imagen (the image)
La razon (the reason)
La sinrazon (the injustice)
La sarten (the frying-pan)
La sien (the temple)
Almost all.
10. Feminine nouns ending in o—
La mano (the hand)
Only word, excepting "nao" (ship), now obsolete, and "seo" (cathedral), little used.
11. Feminine nouns ending in r—
La flor (the flower)
La labor (the needlework)
La segur (the axe)
Almost all.
12. Feminine nouns ending in s—
La bilis (the bile)
La crisis (the crisis)
La elipsis (ellipsis)
La lis (fleur-de-lis)
La mies (the crop)
La perifrasis (the periphrase)
La tos (the cough)
And a few others.
13. Feminine noun ending in u—
La tribu (the tribe)
14. Feminine nouns ending in z—
La codorniz (the partridge)
La cerviz (the cervix)
La cruz (the cross)
La coz (the back-kick)
La luz (the light)
La nariz (the nose)
La nuez (the nut)
La pez (the pitch)
La voz (the voice)
La raiz (the root)
La tez (the complexion)
La vez (the time, once, etc., etc.)
And a few others less important.
15. Feminine nouns ending in e. (This is the most numerous list of exceptions)—
Las aves (the birds)
La barbarie (the barbarity)
La base (the basis)
La calle (the street)
La carne (the flesh)
La fiebre (the fever)
La fuente (the fountain)
El hambre (f.), (the hunger)
La mente (the mind)
La noche (the night)
La parte (the part)
La quiete (the quiet)
La sangre (the blood)
La serpiente (the serpent)
La torre (the tower)
Besides the masculine and feminine genders, some nouns are called: de genero comun, epiceno, and ambiguo. The noun is called "de genero comun" (common gender) when with the same termination it may indicate both a male and female being by using a different article—
Un—una albacea (an executor, executrix)
Un—una artista (an artist, artiste)
Un—una Belga[211] (a Belgian)
Un—una idiota (an idiot)
Un—una indigena (a native)
Un—una martir (a martyr)
Un—una reo (a culprit)
Un—una culpable (a culprit)
Un—una gimnasta (a gymnast)
Un—una homicida (a murderer, a murderess)
Un—una suicida (one who commits suicide)
Un—una testigo (a witness)
[Footnote 211: And so all nouns of nationality ending in a or e.]
The noun is called Epicene when, with the same termination and the same article, it indicates both male and female—
El aguila (the eagle—male and female)
El buitre (the vulture—male and female)
El avestruz (the ostrich—male and female)
La rata (the rat—male and female)
Distinction would be made by adding "macho" or "hembra."
El aguila macho (the eagle—male)
El avestruz hembra (the ostrich—female)
N.B.—Most of the names of animals belong to this class.
The term "ambiguo" is applied to nouns which are masculine or feminine, with different meaning, or the gender of which is not well defined—
Analasis (analysis), doubtful gender
El aroma (the aroma) La aroma (the acacia flower)
La or el arte (the art) Los or Las artes
Las bellas artes (the arts, generally fem.)
(the fine arts, always fem.)
La barba (the beard) El barba (a character in Spanish
plays)
El cabecilla (chieftain or ringleader La cabecilla (the little head)
of rebels)
El calavera (the madcap) La calavera (the skull)
El canal (the canal) La canal (the gutter)
El capital (money) La capital (the town)
El colera (cholera) La colera (wrath)
El cometa (comet) La cometa (the kite, toy)
El corte (the cut) La corte (the court)
El cura (the priest) La cura (the cure)
El doblez (the fold) La doblez (duplicity)
El or la dote (dowry), generally Las dotes (good parts, gifts),
fem. in the pl. always fem.
El fantasma (the phantom) La fantasma (the bogie-man)
El frente (the front) La frente (the forehead)
El haz (the sheaf) La haz (face, surface)
Lente (lenses), doubtful gender
La orden (command, order for El orden (order); as, buen orden
goods, etc.) (good order)
Las sagradas ordenes (holy orders) Las varias ordenes (various religious
orders)
El parte (report) La parte (part)
El pendiente (ear-ring) La pendiente (slope)
El pez (fish) La pez (pitch)
El tema (exercise, theme) La tema (fear, obstinacy)
Tilde (~), doubtful gender
"Mar" (sea) is either Masc. or fem., but names of particular seas are all masculine—
El mar rojo (the Red Sea)
El mar Caspio (the Caspian Sea)
The compounds of "mar" are feminine—
Baja mar (low sea)
Pleamar (high water)
The following masculine nouns have their equivalent feminine formed by inflexion.
N.B.—We omit those in which the inflexion consists of the change of the last vowel to a, or the addition of a, as—
El autor, la autora (the author, authoress)
El holgazan, la holgazana (the lazy man, lazy woman)
El primo, la prima (the cousin, masc. and fem.)
El vecino, la vecina (the neighbour, masc. and fem.)
El abad (abbot) La abadesa (abbess)
El actor (actor) La actriz (actress)
El baron (baron) La baronesa (baroness)
El canonigo (canon) La canonesa (canoness)
El cantor (singer) La cantatriz (singer)
El conde (count) La condesa (countess)
El diacono (deacon) La diaconisa (deaconess)
El duque (duke) La duquesa (duchess)
El elector (elector) La electriz (electress)
El emperador (emperor) La emperatriz (empress)
El filosofo (philosopher) La filosofesa (philosopher)
El gallo (cock) La gallina (hen)
El heroe (hero) La heroina (heroine)
El poeta (poet) La poetisa (poetess)
El principe (prince) La princesa (princess)
El profeta (prophet) La profetisa (prophetess)
El rey (king) La reina (queen)
El sacerdote (priest) La sacerdotisa (priestess)
El vizconde (viscount) La vizcondesa (viscountess)
El Zar (czar) La Zarina (czarina)