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Plank Frame Barn Construction

Chapter 4: Bracing a Basement Barn Built on the Plank Frame System.
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About This Book

A practical manual explains the plank-frame system for barn construction, presenting step-by-step guidance for builders and farmers seeking an economical alternative to traditional timber framing. It outlines the system's claimed benefits—substantial timber and labor savings, easier use of imperfect lumber, faster framing, and improved interior usability—while noting durability and straightforward options for later additions. Detailed descriptions and scaled figures illustrate component assemblies such as posts, plates, purlins, braces and ties, bent layouts, basement integration, and roof variations including gable and gambrel. The text supplies construction tips, splicing and joint methods, material lists and worked examples to support practical application and local adaptation.

Bracing a Basement Barn Built
on the Plank Frame System.

From E. S. H., Connecticut.—I have been reading the articles of Mr. Shawver on barn framing with a great deal of interest, and I am desirous of obtaining full instructions in regard to bracing the interior of a basement barn: also a complete bill of materials for the frame of such a barn, 40 × 60 feet in area, basement 8 feet high and superstructure 20 feet high. The roof is of the gable pattern, one-third pitch. There is also a bay in each end and a double driveway.

Answer.—In referring to the above inquiry, Mr. Shawver submits the following information, accompanied by the illustrations presented herewith: The sketches here given will explain in detail the manner of inserting the braces and the way in which they are made. Of course, when long braces will not interfere with the desired use of the space they are preferred to short ones, but short ones properly inserted will give the same rigidity to the plank frame that braces of similar length will give to a mortise and tenon frame. The braces C C of Fig. 1 are inserted in the bents as the latter are constructed, but the brace shown in Fig. 2 is not inserted until the barn is raised.

In basement barns the joist bearer, A of Fig. 1, is made to extend lengthwise of the building, and the bents of the superstructure being placed crosswise we find the sill of a bent of a superstructure as represented at F F. But in ground barns the joist bearers extend crosswise of the barn, and the post B is permitted to extend up through the joist bearer about 7 inches. Two posts are then spiked to this projecting portion, one on either side, and thus again the brace shown in Fig. 2 may be inserted if thought necessary. If, however, the braces are properly inserted in the side walls of the frame the short braces may safely be omitted in ground barns.

Fig. 1.—Showing Method of Bracing.

Fig. 2.—One Form of Brace Employed.

The following is a bill of materials for a plank frame basement barn, 36 × 60 feet, basement 8 feet, with wall on one side, 16-foot superstructure, with a 23-foot bay at each end and a 14-foot driveway in the middle. Roof one-third pitch, plain gable, decks over driveway if permissible. Interior posts of basement to stand on stone pillars.

BILL OF MATERIALS.

  Basement: First Bent.  
  Ins.  Ins.  Ft.
2 sills 2  ×  8  ×  60
  (or six 2 × 8 × 20)  
12 posts 2  ×  8  ×  8
4 door posts 2  ×  6  ×  8
6 post fillers 2  ×  8  ×  8
4 nailers 2  ×  6  ×  12
1 nailer 2  ×  6  ×  14
3 joist bearers 2  ×  10  ×  60
  (may use 14s and 24s.)  
10 braces 2  ×  6  ×  10
 
Bents 2, 3 and 4 similar.
 
12 posts 2  ×  8  ×  8
18 post fillers 2  ×  8  ×  8
20 braces 2  ×  4  ×  6
3 joist bearers 2  ×  10  ×  60
 
Ends of Basement.
 
8 sills 2  ×  8  ×  9
  (or four 2 × 8 × 18)  
4 nailers 2  ×  6  ×  18
  (or eight 2 × 8 × 9)  
4 nailers 2  ×  8  ×  18
16 braces 2  ×  6  ×  10
56 braces 2  ×  4  ×  6
28 brace blocks 2  ×  4  ×  16
 
Superstructure: Two End Bents.
 
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  36
  (or eight 2 × 8 × 18)  
12 nailers 2  ×  6  ×  18
4 beams 2  ×  8  ×  36
  (or eight 2 × 8 × 18)  
20 posts 2  ×  8  ×  16
10 post fillers 2  ×  4  ×  16
8 braces 2  ×  6  ×  18
8 purlin posts 2  ×  8  ×  8
8 braces 2  ×  4  ×  9
2 gable ties 2  ×  6  ×  18
6 stiffeners 3  ×  6  ×  16
 
Two Interior Bents.
 
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  36
  (or eight 2 × 8 × 18)  
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  2
8 posts 2  ×  8  ×  16
8 purlin posts 2  ×  8  ×  24
  (or twelve 2 × 8 × 16)  
4 roof supports 2  ×  8  ×  22
4 sub-supports 2  ×  6  ×  17
4 collar braces 2  ×  12  ×  5
8 stays 2  ×  4  ×  3
4 ties 2  ×  8  ×  8
4 ties 2  ×  6  ×  5
4 ties 2  ×  6  ×  4
4 braces 2  ×  6  ×  8
 
Two Floor Bents.
 
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  36
  (or eight 2 × 8 × 18)  
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  2
8 posts 2  ×  8  ×  16
8 purlin posts 2  ×  8  ×  24
4 roof supports 2  ×  8  ×  22
4 sub-supports 2  ×  6  ×  17
4 collar braces 2  ×  12  ×  5
8 stays 2  ×  4  ×  3
4 ties 2  ×  8  ×  8
4 ties 2  ×  6  ×  5
4 ties 2  ×  6  ×  4
4 braces 2  ×  6  ×  9
8 joist bearers 2  ×  8  ×  8
 
Side Timbers.
 
4 sills 2  ×  8  ×  23
2 sills 2  ×  8  ×  14
24 nailers 2  ×  6  ×  12
4 nailers 2  ×  8  ×  14
8 plates 2  ×  8  ×  23
4 plates 2  ×  8  ×  14
8 purlins 2  ×  8  ×  23
4 purlins 2  ×  8  ×  14
8 couplings 2  ×  8  ×  8
4 couplings 2  ×  8  ×  4
4 braces 2  ×  4  ×  12
16 braces 2  ×  4  ×  7
8 deck joist 2  ×  8  ×  14

Floors, siding, roofing, doors, etc., will be the same as in other barns of same dimensions.


ESTIMATED COST OF FRAMING.

Foreman, $2.50 per day, 3 days $7.50
Two journeymen, $2 per day, 3 days 6.00
Two apprentices, $1.25 per day, 3 days 3.75
  Total $17.25
Raising and inserting braces, 1 day 5.75
  Total $23.00

Cost of completing same as other barns of same dimensions and style of finish.