Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance

[1] Thuc. i. 12.

[2] H. and H. p. 259.

[3] Op. cit. p. 54.

[4] Ib. p. 255.

[5] Op. cit. p. 259.

[6] E.A.G. p. 405.

[7] P. 330.

[8] Dorians, vol. ii. pp. 64-6; see also Ridgeway, op. cit. p. 659, and Thuc. ii. 101, iv. 78, viii. 3; Demosthenes, Phil. ii. 71, Olynth. ii. 20.

[9] Op. cit. ii. 71.

[10] iv. 126.

[11] E.g. Holm, H.G. i. 175; Gilbert, G.C.A. p. 4; Herod. v. 72, vi. 51.

[12] Pausanias, iii. 22. 7.

[13] Müller, op. cit. ii. 18-23.

[14] Athenaeus, vi. 265; Müller, op. cit. p. 31.

[15] Müller, op. cit. ii. 54-8.

[16] Op. cit. p. 334.

[17] Ib. p. 250.

[18] Leaf, p. 315; Müller, Dorians, ii. 71.

[19] Op. cit. p. 259.

[20] Op. cit. vol. ii. p. 18.

[21] H.G. i. 180.

[22] H.G. vol. ii. chap. 6, p. 262.

[23] Op. cit. pp. 10, 40.

[24] Anab. iv. 8. 25; infra, p. 173.

[25] See Aristotle, Politics, 1271 b 22; Strabo, x. 481.

[26] E.A.G. p. 629.

[27] Op. cit. p. 339.

[28] Dorians, ii. 65.

[29] P. 52.

[30] H.G. p. 161.

[31] Life of Philip, p. 30.

[32] i. 2 (Jowett).

[33] i. 6.

[34] i. 12.

[35] Op. cit. p. 225 ff.

[36] Works and Days, 182-193; supra, p. 122.

[37] Op. cit. p. 228.

[38] See also Coulanges, op. cit. p. 336 ff.

[39] Pp. 325-327.

[40] P. 397.

[41] i. 12.

[42] Op. cit. pp. 171-2.

[43] i.e. apart from the Erechtheum (i. 26).

[44] Coulanges, pp. 171-2.

[45] P. 173.

[46] Theseus, 24.

[47] ii. 15.

[48] Dorians, i. p. 256.

[49] Op. cit. p. 332.

[50] Op. cit. p. 169.

[51] See, further, article J.H.S. xl. Part ii. p. 202, and Pollux, viii. 109-111.

[52] Op. cit. pp. 320 ff.

[53] Ib. p. 331.

[54] Ib. p. 338.

[55] Ib. pp. 345-6.

[56] Ib. p. 365.

[57] Ib. p. 369.

[58] Op. cit. p. 373.

[59] Ib. p. 354.

[60] See infra, Bk. II. ch. iii.

[61] See also Gilbert, G.C.A. (Eng. trans.), p. 350.

[62] Glotz, op. cit. p. 328.

[63] Coulanges, op. cit. p. 158; supra, p. 88.

[64] See Pollux, viii. 111.

[65] Social Life in Greece, pp. 16-18.

[66] Greek Civilization, p. 32.

[67] Ib. p. 41.

[68] Hall, History of Near East, p. 47.

[69] H.G. p. 77.

[70] Op. cit. p. 78.

[71] Op. cit. p. 113.

[72] Ib. p. 114.

[73] See Glotz, op. cit. pp. 231 ff.; Kinkel, Epic. gr. fragm. i. p. 33.

[74] i. 35.

[75] Infra, p. 151.

[76] Supra, p. 118.

[77] Cicero, Top. 17; Müller, Eum. p. 107.

[78] Genesis ix. 6; Numbers xxxv. 11-34.

[79] I.e. without intent to kill.

[80] Exodus xxi. 12.

[81] I.e. if one slays by accident.

[82] Exodus xxi. 12.

[83] Numbers xxxv.; cf. Deuter. iv. 41, Joshua xx. 1-9.

[84] Op. cit. p. 153.

[85] ii. 102 (Jowett).

[86] Genesis iv. 11-15.

[87] Laws, ix. ch. 12.

[88] Supra, p. 110.

[89] ii. 2. 3.

[90] Proleg. p. 221.

[91] Il. vi. 155-205.

[92] Müller, Eum. p. 92; Smith, Dict. Gk. Ant. s.v. φόνος.

[93] Op. cit. p. 314.

[94] Infra, p. 173 ff.

[95] Dem. in Aristoc. 632, 634.

[96] Op. cit. p. 218; infra, p. 166.

[97] Supra, p. 122 ff.

[98] See infra, ch. ii.

[99] See infra, p. 181, and Dem. in Androtion. 593.

[100] Dem. c. Pantaen. 893, 59; infra, p. 176 ff.

[101] Lysias, c. Agor. 41, 78.

[102] 1-6.

[103] 5E.

[104] e.g. Rep. ii. 379D-383.

[105] Laws, ix. ch. 11.

[106] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[107] Aesch. Eum. 886.

[108] Ib. 655, 660.

[109] P. 155; Dinarchus, 47; Antiphon de Caed. H. 11; Pausan. i. 28. 6.

[110] Supra, p. 112 ff.

[111] Aesch. Eum. 283.

[112] Eur. Iph. T. 1224.

[113] i. 24.

[114] i. 35.

[115] 255 ff.

[116] 470-485 (trans. L. Campbell).

[117] sc. vessel.

[118] 107.

[119] Supra, p. 148; Glotz, op. cit. p. 155.

[120] Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[121] But see infra, p. 153 ff.

[122] 1175-1230.

[123] Apollod. ii. 2. 3.

[124] i. 35.

[125] Aristotle, Ath. Pol. ch. 1.

[126] Dorians, i. 227-8.

[127] Iph. Taur. 1175 ff.

[128] Eum. 235-245, and 447-9.

[129] e.g. ix. ch. 12.

[130] Eum. 581.

[131] See Dem. in Androtion. 593, 26; and Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 12.

[132] Eum. 448.

[133] For the Attic Court Phreatto see infra, ch. iii.

[134] Eum. 451 ff.

[135] 470-485.

[136] See supra, p. 151.

[137] 840 ff.

[138] Eum. p. 136.

[139] Areop. p. 63.

[140] See Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[141] Supra, pp. 113 and 119 ff.

[142] Infra, p. 173 ff.

[143] Il. ix. 404.

[144] Il. ii. 520; Müller, Dorians, i. 226-232.

[145] 1-10; see also Pausanias, x. 5.

[146] Cf. Aesch. Eum. 18.

[147] x. 5.

[148] Harrison, Themis, pp. 396-429.

[149] See James, Varieties of Religious Experience, p. 387 ff.

[150] Euripides, Ion, 226 ff.

[151] Ibid. 225.

[152] Eum. 95-200.

[153] Ael. Var. Hist. iii. 1; Plut. Q. Gr. xii.

[154] Aeschylus, Eum. 440.

[155] Dorians, i. 297 ff.

[156] Il. ii. 517; ix. 405.

[157] See Bury, H.G. p. 361.

[158] Op. cit. p. 157.

[159] Op. cit. p. 695.

[160] Coulanges, op. cit. p. 279; Müller, Dorians, i. 258, 270, 272-9.

[161] Müller, op. cit. p. 232; and Euripides, Ion, 1111, 1220, 1256 there quoted.

[162] Cf. Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 11, re kin-slaying: ‘let the judges of these matters be the same as those to whom has been given the power of deciding upon sacrilege.’

[163] Müller, i. 263-5.

[164] Bury, op. cit. p. 159.

[165] Law of Dracon, Dem. in Arist. 632.

[166] Cf. Coulanges, p. 279.

[167] Thuc. ii. 102.

[168] Her. vii. 197.

[169] s.v. ἐξηγηταί.

[170] Laws, vi. ch. 7.

[171] 1-6.

[172] Ancient City, p. 252.

[173] Xenophon, Anabasis, iv. 8. 25; see infra, p. 173.

[174] Arist. Ath. Pol. 7. 1.

[175] Plutarch, Solon, 17.

[176] Op. cit. p. 252.

[177] Laws, ix. ch. 12.

[178] See Aeschylus, Agam. 1557.

[179] Supra, p. 47 ff.

[180] See article, s.v. φόνος, in Daremberg and Saglio, p. 440.

[181] Laws, ix. ch. 12.

[182] See infra, pp. 229, 236 ff.

[183] See infra, ch. ii.

[184] Bk. ix. ch. 12.

[185] See Demosthenes in Aristoc. 637.

[186] See Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[187] ὁ ἐκ Δελφῶν κομισθεὶς νόμος ἤγουν χρησμὸς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἄκοντος ἀνέλοντος τὸν φὶλον. ἔκτεινας σὸν ἑταῖρον ἀμύνων, οὐ σε μιαίνει αἷμα, φόνου δὲ πέλεις καθαρώτερος ἢ πάρος ἦσθα ... ὁ ἀνδρὶ φιλῷ θνήσκοντι πάρων πέλας οὐκ ἐπάμυνας, ἤλυθες οὐ καθαρός.

[188] Pausanias, i. 28. 10.

[189] Supra, p. 157.

[190] In Aristoc. 632.

[191] Supra, p. 145.

[192] In Aristoc. 632-634.

[193] Infra, p. 164 ff.

[194] See supra, p. 142 ff.

[195] Op. cit. p. 218.

[196] Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[197] Ib. ch. 11.

[198] Ib. ch. 8.

[199] τῆς χώρας τῆς τῶν νόμων τῶνδε κυρίας.

[200] Dem. in Aristoc. 647-8.

[201] Loc. cit.

[202] Supra, p. 145.

[203] Op. cit. p. 218.

[204] Ib. p. 214.

[205] vii. 238.

[206] viii. 114.

[207] ix. 64.

[208] i. 156, 157.

[209] Op. cit. p. 214.

[210] Pyth. ii. 32.

[211] Eum. 444.

[212] See note, Eum. ad loc.

[213] See edition of Eumenides, p. 78.

[214] Supra, pp. 21, 65.

[215] Supra, p. 142.

[216] Laws, ix. ch. 12.

[217] Schol. ad Eum. 444.

[218] 580 ff.

[219] Infra, Bk. III.

[220] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[221] Müller, Eum. p. 141.

[222] Supra, p. 158.

[223] 612-616.

[224] 618-622.

[225] 32 ff.

[226] Infra, p. 348 ff.

[227] 600 ff.

[228] Sophocles, Oed. Rex, 95 ff.

[229] Infra, p. 173.

[230] Infra, p. 311. We do not attach any legal importance to Oedipus’ reference to parricide (1441). It would have ruined the dramatic plot if this word were mentioned earlier in the play.

[231] Od. xi. 271 ff.

[232] See Oed. Rex, 805 ff.

[233] Oed. Rex, 1438.

[234] Infra, Bk. III. ch. ii.

[235] Soph. Oed. Col. 600, 770.

[236] See Phoenissae, 60 ff., 1626; infra, p. 382.

[237] 1640 ff.

[238] 1245 ff.

[239] 1330 ff.

[240] 1155 ff.

[241] Supra, p. 139.

[242] 495.

[243] 1010 ff.

[244] 1282 ff.

[245] Supra, pp. 130, 158.

[246] Anabasis, iv. 8. 25.

[247] Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[248] Ib. ch. 9.

[249] Supra, p. 12.

[250] See Müller, Dorians, i. 227.

[251] Areopag., pp. 148-9.

[252] Op. cit. p. 314 ff.

[253] Eum. p. 123; supra, p. 112.

[254] Eum. p. 92.

[255] For conclusion see p. 213.

[256] Supra, p. 143 ff.

[257] See Lysias c. Agor. 40-42.

[258] See 94 ff., 117 ff., 179 ff.

[259] See Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 8, for greater and lesser purifications.

[260] Op. cit. pp. 237-8.

[261] Ib. p. 314 ff.

[262] See Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 11 and ch. 12; Pollux, viii. 90; Arist. Ath. Pol. 57.

[263] P. 428.

[264] See infra, p. 181 ff.

[265] C. Pantaen. 983, 20; also c. Nausimachum, 991.

[266] Müller (Eum. p. 92) thinks this refers to manslaughter only.

[267] C. Agor. 40-42.

[268] Ib. 78.

[269] Ib. 96-7.

[270] Smith, Dict. Gk. Ant. s.v. φόνος, vol. ii. p. 385.

[271] Eum. p. 92.

[272] Infra, p. 205; see also p. 198.

[273] Infra, p. 210.

[274] We interpret the Greek words ἄφεσις and ἀφίημι as implying ‘release’ when blood-guilt is entirely remitted, as in the Demosthenic passages cited on page 176. Plato, however, obviously applies the terms to ‘partial release’ or forgiveness.

[275] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[276] Ibid. ch. 8.

[277] Eum. p. 93.

[278] Infra, p. 186 ff.

[279] Op. cit. pp. 319-321, 363-364, p. 377.

[280] Dem. in Aristoc. 629-630; see also infra, p. 222.

[281] See op. cit. pp. 377-8.

[282] Op. cit. p. 373.

[283] Plutarch, Solon, 18.

[284] 593.

[285] ἀσεβείας γραφήν.

[286] συνέβη.

[287] Op. cit. p. 322.

[288] Ib. pp. 314, 324, 372.

[289] 1-6, especially see 5 E.

[290] C. Euerg. et Mnesib. 1161.

[291] Supra, p. 143 ff.

[292] Op. cit. p. 314.

[293] Ib. p. 324.

[294] 1331 (Reiske).

[295] Areop. pp. 148-9.

[296] Op. cit. p. 315.

[297] 1154-1166.

[298] Choeph. 3.

[299] λάθρα γὰρ ἦλθεν, οὐ πιθὼν τοὺς κυρίους.

[300] Op. cit. p. 315.

[301] Eum. 317, 428, 496, 656 ff.

[302] Infra, p. 340 ff.

[303] 991. Cf. also c. Pantaen. 983.

[304] 983 (Reiske).

[305] Eum. p. 92.

[306] Infra, p. 213.

[307] See infra, p. 212 ff.

[308] Supra, pp. 146, 178.

[309] 63 ff.

[310] 526-7.

[311] iii. 44.

[312] Glotz, op. cit. p. 465 ff.; Dem. in Arist. 640.

[313] Laws, ix. 871E.

[314] ὑπὲρ ὧν μὴ διδῷ φόνου δικασάσθαι.