Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance

[1] Hist. Gk. Lit. p. 224.

[2] Ib. p. 225.

[3] Ib. 228.

[4] P. 229.

[5] See Euripides the Rationalist (passim) and Introduction to Aeschylus, Choephoroe, p. xxxvii ff.

[6] Eur. Orestes, 1370.

[7] A.P. 119.

[8] See A.P. 131-5.

[9] See Themis, 341 ff.

[10] A.P. 129.

[11] Poetics, 25.

[12] See Wedd, Introd. to Orestes, p. xvii ff.

[13] 15 ff.

[14] Od. iii. 307.

[15] Electra, 1254 ff.; Orestes, 1648 ff.

[16] 29-30.

[17] 1093-6.

[18] See supra, p. 308.

[19] Supra, p. 58 ff.

[20] 500 ff.; infra, p. 348.

[21] Supra, Book I.

[22] Infra, p. 348 ff.

[23] 957-8.

[24] 895 ff.

[25] Od. iii. 310.

[26] 1277.

[27] Cf. Soph. Electra, 1483.

[28] Supra, p. 236 ff.

[29] 1230.

[30] 1250.

[31] 840 ff.

[32] 1244 ff.

[33] Supra, p. 282.

[34] 1266 ff.

[35] Supra, p. 294. Such a conception is rendered possible by the command of Apollo, which gives an extra-legal complexion to the case. In strict law such a plea was probably inadmissible (Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 9).

[36] 1644 ff.

[37] Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[38] v. 67.

[39] Supra, p. 145 ff.

[40] See infra, p. 368.

[41] 445 ff.

[42] See 1664-5.

[43] Schol. ad Eur. Orest. 1640.

[44] Electra, 1254-75; Orestes, 1643 ff.

[45] 46-50.

[46] 75-6.

[47] 1292-7.

[48] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[49] See 268 ff., 390 ff., 545 ff., 776, 1229.

[50] 414-416.

[51] 591-9.

[52] 492-506.

[53] 507-517.

[54] Supra, p. 76.

[55] Supra, pp. 122, 132.

[56] Eum. 685.

[57] See supra, p. 308.

[58] 256-7.

[59] 884 ff.

[60] Plato, Apologia Socratis, 36-42.

[61] Supra, p. 258 ff.

[62] Ajax, 749 ff.

[63] Eur. Troades, 900.

[64] Eur. Hecuba, 119 ff.

[65] Troades, 715, 780.

[66] viii. 117.

[67] 892-3.

[68] Eum. 212, 608.

[69] Works and Days, 180 ff.

[70] 898 ff.

[71] See supra, p. 225 ff.

[72] Supra, pp. 9, 47.

[73] 903-6. ὡσεὶ ἔλεγε νόθος πολίτης (Schol.)

[74] Cleophon was of Thracian descent. (Schol. ad v. 772.)

[75] 915.

[76] 914-15.

[77] 944-6.

[78] Laws, ix. ch. 12; supra, p. 231.

[79] 917 ff.

[80] Supra, p. 74.

[81] Supra, p. 59.

[82] 923-30.

[83] 932-42.

[84] Supra, pp. 58 ff.; 217.

[85] ix. 36.

[86] 941.

[87] 1300. Her miraculous translation to ‘heaven’ is not inconsistent with, but rather, we think, confirms our opinion that she was slain.

[88] See, e.g., Herodotus ii. 113 ff.; Eur. Helen, 1640 ff.; Troades, 875 ff.

[89] 1140.

[90] 1625.

[91] 1645.

[92] Laws, ix. chs. 8, 9.

[93] See supra, p. 256. The command of Apollo was an extra-legal extenuation of Orestes’ act. This act therefore merited, though it did not actually receive, the ‘forgiveness’ of Clytaemnestra.

[94] 1648 ff.

[95] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[96] 1650.

[97] In Aristoc. 641, 27.

[98] Infra, p. 370 ff.

[99] Supra, p. 124.

[100] Schol. ad Eur. Orest. 1640.

[101] Supra, p. 163.

[102] See Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[103] 1643-1652.

[104] 1660-5.

[105] 765.

[106] Supra, p. 223 f.

[107] 765.

[108] Supra, p. 196.

[109] 1249 and 1285.

[110] 771.

[111] Supra, p. 163.

[112] In Aristoc. 635; see also Plato, Laws, ix. ch. 8.

[113] 1074.

[114] 1591 ff.

[115] Supra, p. 103.

[116] Infra, p. 375 ff.

[117] See Introduction to Orestes, p. xxvi ff.

[118] Supra, p. 332 f.

[119] Supra, pp. 309, 345, 348.

[120] 1625 ff.

[121] Supra, p. 344.

[122] 285 ff.

[123] Supra, pp. 123 ff.; 298 ff.

[124] Eum. 338-41.

[125] Orestes, 255-7.

[126] Orestes, 260-1.

[127] Ib. 580-84.

[128] Iph. Taur. 285-291.

[129] Glotz, op. cit. p. 45.

[130] Iph. in T. 1580 ff.

[131] Iph. Aul. 1615-20.

[132] Supra, p. 336.

[133] Agamemnon, 194 ff.

[134] See England, Introd. to Iph. in T. p. xii.

[135] iv. 103.

[136] See England, op. cit. p. xviii.

[137] Op. cit. p. xxi.

[138] 1020 ff.

[139] 1190 ff.

[140] 940 ff.

[141] Supra, pp. 337, 349.

[142] Supra, p. 360.

[143] Supra, pp. 193, 213.

[144] 940-946.

[145] 961-972.

[146] 976-982.

[147] See Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis, 173 ff.; England, op. cit. p. xiii.

[148] Supra, p. 117 ff.

[149] Supra, p. 148.

[150] Eur. Medea, 1380 ff.

[151] 1223-5.

[152] Eur. Androm. 173-6.

[153] Infra, p. 421.

[154] 947-960.

[155] x. 49.

[156] s.v. χόες.

[157] Ancient City (trans.), p. 78 ff.

[158] Supra, p. 87.

[159] Supra, pp. 175, 347.

[160] Proleg. p. 41.

[161] 955.

[162] Loc. cit.

[163] Supra, p. 367.

[164] Phoen. 1585 ff.

[165] Supra, p. 323.

[166] Ant. 1012-1017.

[167] Ant. 1035-62.

[168] Ib. 1080 ff.

[169] Eur. Supp. 113 ff.

[170] Ib. 940 ff.

[171] 16-19 (trans. A. S. Way); cf. 310 ff.

[172] 524-7; cf. 560 ff.

[173] 669-72.

[174] Eur. Supp. 1207; cf. Pausanias, ix. 18.

[175] Phoenissae, 774-7 (trans. Woodhull); cf. 1646.

[176] Ib. 1447-50.

[177] See 360 ff. and 465 ff.

[178] Supra, pp. 216, 323.

[179] Supra, pp. 311, 317.

[180] Od. xi. 271 ff.; supra, p. 55.

[181] Homer and History, p. 52.

[182] Supra, p. 21.

[183] See supra, p. 143.

[184] Supra, pp. 193, 213.

[185] O.C. 1255-1345; ib. 1341.

[186] Phoenissae, 1585-94.

[187] O.C. 87 ff.

[188] Phoen. 1703-5.

[189] Phoen. 59-68.

[190] Supra, p. 376.

[191] Supra, pp. 195, 258.

[192] Phoen. 1705 ff.

[193] Pausanias, i. 28.

[194] i. 28.

[195] Phoen. 64.

[196] Ib. 1593.

[197] Od. xi.

[198] Il. ii. 660 ff.

[199] Dorians, i. 411 ff.

[200] v. 67.

[201] 977 ff.

[202] 840-75.

[203] 1146-52.

[204] 1253-80; 1310-1364.

[205] 1229 ff.

[206] 462, 1285.

[207] Supra, p. 163.

[208] Il. xix. 98-9.

[209] H.F. 1285.

[210] Supra, p. 234 ff.

[211] 1281-90.

[212] Soph. O.C. 490-660; supra, p. 317.

[213] 1311-12 (attributed to Theseus by the MSS.).

[214] 1322-5.

[215] Note ad loc.

[216] Laws, ix. ch. 8; supra, p. 163.

[217] See 1422.

[218] 1333.

[219] 15 ff.

[220] Supra, p. 163.

[221] ix. 41.

[222] Eur. H.F. 19.

[223] Ib. 13.

[224] H.F. 567, 754.

[225] Supra, p. 327.

[226] Supra, pp. 20, 283.

[227] 732.

[228] 755-6.

[229] i. 32.

[230] i.e. when he died.

[231] 50 ff.

[232] Pausanias, i. 29.

[233] 997 ff.

[234] 238 ff.

[235] i. 28.

[236] Supra, p. 251.

[237] 250-252.

[238] δίκης κυρήσειν.

[239] See supra, p. 164 ff.

[240] Supra, p. 263.

[241] Supra, p. 164 ff.

[242] 464-470.

[243] Supra, p. 327.

[244] 1050.

[245] 1009 ff.

[246] 1022 ff.; 1045 ff.

[247] 961-980.

[248] 1010.

[249] 1050.

[250] 1028 ff.

[251] 1053.

[252] 1024.

[253] Supra, p. 379.

[254] Supra, p. 223.

[255] βούλευσις, in the sense of a plot to kill which is not realised.

[256] See introd. to Medea, p. xi ff.

[257] 1334.

[258] 485.

[259] βούλευσις, when the plot was realised.

[260] Supra, p. 223 f.

[261] 735.

[262] Od. xi. 253 ff.

[263] Pindar, Pyth. iv. 95 ff.

[264] 735.

[265] Eur. Phoen. 410-425.

[266] Supra, p. 116.

[267] 709 ff.

[268] 746-7 and 749-51.

[269] See 796, 850, 1268, 1383.

[270] Supra, p. 234 ff.

[271] 846 ff.

[272] 1321-2.

[273] 1378 ff.

[274] 1386 ff.

[275] 1389 ff.

[276] Supra, p. 365.

[277] Supra, p. 234.

[278] 1231 ff.

[279] 1279 ff.

[280] 34-7. I venture to modify Woodhull’s version of v. 37—ἐναυσίαν ἔκδημον αἰνέσας φυγήν,—as he renders ‘to voluntary exile submitting for one year.’

[281] i. 28.

[282] Supra, p. 245.

[283] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[284] Supra, p. 214.

[285] 950 ff.

[286] Supra, p. 240 ff.

[287] 800.

[288] 877 ff.

[289] Homer, Il. vi. 160 ff.

[290] 887-898, omitting 891-892.

[291] 974, 1094.

[292] 1195 ff.

[293] 1282 ff.

[294] Supra, pp. 58 ff.; 76.

[295] Supra, p. 223.

[296] i. 22.

[297] i. 3.

[298] Theseus, 10.

[299] Paus. i. 22.

[300] Supra, p. 178.

[301] Paus. i. 28.

[302] Ib. i. 22.

[303] Plutarch, loc. cit.

[304] Through his mother, Aethra.

[305] Eur. Hipp. 974, 1094.

[306] Müller, Dorians, i. 265 ff.

[307] Supra, p. 224 f.

[308] Supra, p. 326 f.

[309] 1106 ff.

[310] 1222 ff.

[311] 1254 ff.

[312] 1259.

[313] 1275 ff.

[314] 1291 ff.

[315] 1301.

[316] 1306.

[317] 1308.

[318] 1329.

[319] From 750 B.C. onwards.

[320] 1330 ff.

[321] 1000 ff.

[322] 1231 ff.

[323] 802 ff.

[324] Supra, p. 75.

[325] Ath. Pol. ch. 57; supra, pp. 192, 251.

[326] According to the usual interpretation of Aristotle, supra, pp. 225, 251.

[327] Supra, p. 225.

[328] 333 ff.

[329] Cf. 496.

[330] 450.

[331] 174 ff.

[332] Supra, p. 173.

[333] 1106.

[334] 1161 ff.

[335] 1241-2.

[336] 1240.

[337] Supra, p. 195.

[338] Glotz, op. cit. p. 473 ff.

[339] 1232 ff.

[340] 1136-1144.

[341] 1085-6.

[342] Supra, p. 83.

[343] Supra, p. 76.

[344] 1243-51.

[345] 714-20.

[346] 789-97.

[347] 534-8.

[348] Supra, p. 106.

[349] 260 ff.

[350] 40.

[351] Bacchae, 240 ff.

[352] 356 ff.

[353] 995 ff.

[354] 1202-15.

[355] See supra, p. 325 ff.

[356] 1250.

[357] 1296.

[358] 1330 ff.

[359] 1363, 1379.

[360] 1350.

[361] Laws, ix. ch. 9.

[362] 5-7.

[363] Supra, p. 44 ff.

[364] Plutarch, Greek Questions, 12; Aelian, Var. Hist. iii.

[365] 730 ff.

[366] E.g. 333 ff.

[367] Troades, 705 ff.

[368] Supra, p. 58 ff.

[369] 1150 ff.

[370] Supra, p. 122.

[371] Contra Euerg. et Mnesib. 1160, 15; supra, p. 182.

[372] 1639-41.

[373] Iph. in T. 1171.

[374] 1174.

[375] Androm. 173 ff.