The work analyzes archaeological evidence for a military presence in the ruined city, weighing interpretations of a disputed building as a soldiers' barracks or a gladiatorial school. It outlines Roman military organization and ranks, duties of centurions, tribunes and cavalry officers, and examines weapons and armor recovered in excavations. The text describes campsite layouts, fortifications, siege engines and routine exercises, plus guard procedures, signals and instruments. It discusses religious and legal aspects of warfare, decorations and triumphal honors, spoils and public ceremonies, as well as military punishments and discharge practices.