Index
- Abbevillian, 48;
- core-biface tool, 44, 48
- Acheulean, 48, 60
- Acheuleo-Levalloisian, 63
- Acheuleo-Mousterian, 63
- Adams, R. M., 106
- Adzes, 45
- Africa, east, 67, 89;
- north, 70, 89;
- south, 22, 25, 34, 40, 67
- Agriculture, incipient, in England, 140;
- in Near East, 123
- Ain Hanech, 48
- Amber, taken from Baltic to Greece, 167
- American Indians, 90, 142
- Anatolia, used as route to Europe, 138
- Animals, in caves, 54, 64;
- in cave art, 85
- Antevs, Ernst, 19
- Anyathian, 47
- Archeological interpretation, 8
- Archeology, defined, 8
- Architecture, at Jarmo, 128;
- at Jericho, 133
- Arrow, points, 94;
- shaft straightener, 83
- Art, in caves, 84;
- East Spanish, 85;
- figurines, 84;
- Franco-Cantabrian, 84, 85;
- movable (engravings, modeling, scratchings), 83;
- painting, 83;
- sculpture, 83
- Asia, western, 67
- Assemblage, defined, 13, 14;
- European, 94;
- Jarmo, 129;
- Maglemosian, 94;
- Natufian, 113
- Aterian, industry, 67;
- point, 89
- Australopithecinae, 24
- Australopithecine, 25, 26
- Awls, 77
- Axes, 62, 94
- Ax-heads, 15
- Azilian, 97
- Aztecs, 145
- Baghouz, 152
- Bakun, 134
- Baltic sea, 93
- Banana, 107
- Barley, wild, 108
- Barrow, 141
- Battle-axe folk, 164;
- assemblage, 164
- Beads, 80;
- bone, 114
- Beaker folk, 164;
- assemblage, 164–165
- Bear, in cave art, 85;
- cult, 68
- Belgium, 94
- Belt cave, 126
- Bering Strait, used as route to New World, 98
- Bison, in cave art, 85
- Blade, awl, 77;
- backed, 75;
- blade-core, 71;
- end-scraper, 77;
- stone, defined, 71;
- strangulated (notched), 76;
- tanged point, 76;
- tools, 71, 75–80, 90;
- tool tradition, 70
- Boar, wild, in cave art, 85
- Bogs, source of archeological materials, 94
- Bolas, 54
- Bordes, François, 62
- Borer, 77
- Boskop skull, 34
- Boyd, William C., 35
- Bracelets, 118
- Brain, development of, 24
- Breadfruit, 107
- Breasted, James H., 107
- Brick, at Jericho, 133
- Britain, 94;
- late prehistory, 163–175;
- invaders, 173
- Broch, 172
- Buffalo, in China, 54;
- killed by stampede, 86
- Burials, 66, 86;
- in “henges,” 164;
- in urns, 168
- Burins, 75
- Burma, 90
- Byblos, 134
- Camel, 54
- Cannibalism, 55
- Cattle, wild, 85, 112;
- in cave art, 85;
- domesticated, 15;
- at Skara Brae, 142
- Caucasoids, 34
- Cave men, 29
- Caves, 62;
- art in, 84
- Celts, 170
- Chariot, 160
- Chicken, domestication of, 107
- Chiefs, in food-gathering groups, 68
- Childe, V. Gordon, 8
- China, 136
- Choukoutien, 28, 35
- Choukoutienian, 47
- Civilization, beginnings, 144, 149, 157;
- meaning of, 144
- Clactonian, 45, 47
- Clay, used in modeling, 128;
- baked, used for tools, 153
- Club-heads, 82, 94
- Colonization, in America, 142;
- in Europe, 142
- Combe Capelle, 30
- Combe Capelle-Brünn group, 34
- Commont, Victor, 51
- Coon, Carlton S., 73
- Copper, 134
- Corn, in America, 145
- Corrals for cattle, 140
- “Cradle of mankind,” 136
- Cremation, 167
- Crete, 162
- Cro-Magnon, 30, 34
- Cultivation, incipient, 105, 109, 111
- Culture, change, 99;
- characteristics, defined, 38, 49;
- prehistoric, 39
- Danube Valley, used as route from Asia, 138
- Dates, 153
- Deer, 54, 96
- Dog, domesticated, 96
- Domestication, of animals, 100, 105, 107;
- of plants, 100
- “Dragon teeth” fossils in China, 28
- Drill, 77
- Dubois, Eugene, 26
- Early Dynastic Period, Mesopotamia, 147
- East Spanish art, 72, 85
- Egypt, 70, 126
- Ehringsdorf, 31
- Elephant, 54
- Emiliani, Cesare, 18
- Emiran flake point, 73
- England, 163–168;
- prehistoric, 19, 40;
- farmers in, 140
- Eoanthropus dawsoni, 29
- Eoliths, 41
- Erich, 152
- Eridu, 152
- Euphrates River, floods in, 148
- Europe, cave dwellings, 58;
- at end of Ice Age, 93;
- early farmers, 140;
- glaciers in, 40;
- huts in, 86;
- routes into, 137–140;
- spread of food-production to, 136
- Far East, 69, 90
- Farmers, 103
- Fauresmith industry, 67
- Fayum, 135;
- radiocarbon date, 146
- “Fertile Crescent,” 107, 146
- Figurines, “Venus,” 84;
- at Jarmo, 128;
- at Ubaid, 153
- Fire, used by Peking man, 54
- First Dynasty, Egypt, 147
- Fish-hooks, 80, 94
- Fishing, 80;
- by food-producers, 122
- Fish-lines, 80
- Fish spears, 94
- Flint industry, 127
- Fontéchevade, 32, 56, 58
- Food-collecting, 104, 121;
- end of, 104
- Food-gatherers, 53, 176
- Food-gathering, 99, 104;
- in Old World, 104;
- stages of, 104
- Food-producers, 176
- Food-producing economy, 122;
- in America, 145;
- in Asia, 105
- Food-producing revolution, 99, 105;
- causes of, 101;
- preconditions for, 100
- Food-production, beginnings of, 99;
- carried to Europe, 110
- Food-vessel folk, 164
- “Forest folk,” 97, 98, 104, 110
- Fox, Sir Cyril, 174
- France, caves in, 56
- Galley Hill (fossil type), 29
- Garrod, D. A., 73
- Gazelle, 114
- Germany, 94
- Ghassul, 156
- Glaciers, 18, 30;
- destruction by, 40
- Goat, wild, 108;
- domesticated, 128
- Grain, first planted, 20
- Graves, passage, 141;
- gallery, 141
- Greece, civilization in, 163;
- as route to western Europe, 138;
- towns in, 162
- Grimaldi skeletons, 34
- Hackberry seeds used as food, 55
- Halaf, 151;
- assemblage, 151
- Hallstatt, tradition, 169
- Hand, development of, 24, 25
- Hand adzes, 46
- Hand axes, 44
- Harpoons, antler, 83, 94;
- bone, 82, 94
- Hassuna, 131;
- assemblage, 131, 132
- Heidelberg, fossil type, 28
- Hill-forts, in England, 171;
- in Scotland, 172
- Hilly flanks of Near East, 107, 108, 125, 131, 146, 147
- History, beginning of, 7, 17
- Hoes, 112
- Holland, 164
- Homo sapiens, 32
- Hooton, E. A., 34
- Horse, 112;
- wild, in cave art, 85;
- in China, 54
- Hotu cave, 126
- Houses, 122;
- at Jarmo, 128;
- at Halaf, 151
- Howe, Bruce, 116
- Howell, F. Clark, 30
- Hunting, 93
- Ice Age, in Asia, 99;
- beginning of, 18;
- glaciers in, 41;
- last glaciation, 93
- Incas, 145
- India, 90, 136
- Industrialization, 178
- Industry, blade-tool, 88;
- defined, 58;
- ground stone, 94
- Internationalism, 162
- Iran, 107, 147
- Iraq, 107, 124, 127, 136, 147
- Iron, introduction of, 170
- Irrigation, 123, 149, 155
- Italy, 138
- Jacobsen, T. J., 157
- Jarmo, 109, 126, 128, 130;
- assemblage, 129
- Java, 23, 29
- Java man, 26, 27, 29
- Jefferson, Thomas, 11
- Jericho, 119, 133
- Judaidah, 134
- Kafuan, 48
- Kanam, 23, 36
- Karim Shahir, 116–119, 124;
- assemblage, 116, 117
- Keith, Sir Arthur, 33
- Kelley, Harper, 51
- Kharga, 126
- Khartoum, 136
- Knives, 80
- Krogman, W. M., 3, 25
- Lamps, 85
- Land bridges in Mediterranean, 19
- La Tène phase, 170
- Laurel leaf point, 78, 89
- Leakey, L. S. B., 40
- Le Moustier, 57
- Levalloisian, 47, 61, 62
- Levalloiso-Mousterian, 47, 63
- Little Woodbury, 170
- Magic, used by hunters, 123
- Maglemosian, assemblage, 94, 95;
- folk, 98
- Makapan, 40
- Mammoth, 93;
- in cave art, 85
- “Man-apes,” 26
- Mango, 107
- Mankind, age, 17
- Maringer, J., 45
- Markets, 155
- Marston, A. T., 11
- Mathiassen, T., 97
- McCown, T. D., 33
- Meganthropus, 26, 27, 36
- Men, defined, 25;
- modern, 32
- Merimde, 135
- Mersin, 133
- Metal-workers, 160, 163, 167, 172
- Micoquian, 48, 60
- Microliths, 87;
- at Jarmo, 130;
- “lunates,” 87;
- trapezoids, 87;
- triangles, 87
- Minerals used as coloring matter, 66
- Mine-shafts, 140
- M’lefaat, 126, 127
- Mongoloids, 29, 90
- Mortars, 114, 118, 127
- Mounds, how formed, 12
- Mount Carmel, 11, 33, 52, 59, 64, 69, 113, 114
- “Mousterian man,” 64
- “Mousterian” tools, 61, 62;
- of Acheulean tradition, 62
- Movius, H. L., 47
- Natufian, animals in, 114;
- assemblage, 113, 114, 115;
- burials, 114;
- date of, 113
- Neanderthal man, 29, 30, 31, 56
- Near East, beginnings of civilization in, 20, 144;
- cave sites, 58;
- climate in Ice Age, 99;
- “Fertile Crescent,” 107, 146;
- food-production in, 99;
- Natufian assemblage in, 113–115;
- stone tools, 114
- Needles, 80
- Negroid, 34
- New World, 90
- Nile River valley, 102, 134;
- floods in, 148
- Nuclear area, 106, 110;
- in Near East, 107
- Obsidian, used for blade tools, 71;
- at Jarmo, 130
- Ochre, red, with burials, 86
- Oldowan, 48
- Old World, 67, 70, 90;
- continental phases in, 18
- Olorgesailie, 40, 51
- Ostrich, in China, 54
- Ovens, 128
- Oxygen isotopes, 18
- Paintings in caves, 83
- Paleoanthropic man, 50
- Palestine, burials, 56;
- cave sites, 52;
- types of man, 69
- Parpallo, 89
- Patjitanian, 45, 47
- Pebble tools, 42
- Peking cave, 54;
- animals in, 54
- Peking man, 27, 28, 29, 54, 58
- Pendants, 80;
- bone, 114
- Pestle, 114
- Peterborough, 141;
- assemblage, 141
- Pictographic signs, 158
- Pig, wild, 108
- “Piltdown man,” 29
- Pins, 80
- Pithecanthropus, 26, 27, 30, 36
- Pleistocene, 18, 25
- Plows developed, 123
- Points, arrow, 76;
- laurel leaf, 78;
- shouldered, 78, 79;
- split-based bone, 80, 82;
- tanged, 76;
- willow leaf, 78
- Potatoes, in America, 145
- Pottery, 122, 130, 156;
- decorated, 142;
- painted, 131, 151, 152;
- Susa style, 156;
- in tombs, 141
- Prehistory, defined, 7;
- range of, 18
- Pre-neanderthaloids, 30, 31, 37
- Pre-Solutrean point, 89
- Pre-Stellenbosch, 48
- Proto-Literate assemblage, 157–160
- Race, 35;
- biological, 36;
- “pure,” 16
- Radioactivity, 9, 10
- Radioactive carbon dates, 18, 92, 120, 130, 135, 156
- Redfield, Robert, 38, 49
- Reed, C. A., 128
- Reindeer, 94
- Rhinoceros, 93;
- in cave art, 85
- Rhodesian man, 32
- Riss glaciation, 58
- Rock-shelters, 58;
- art in, 85
- Saccopastore, 31
- Sahara Desert, 34, 102
- Samarra, 152;
- pottery, 131, 152
- Sangoan industry, 67
- Sauer, Carl, 136
- Sbaikian point, 89
- Schliemann, H., 11, 12
- Scotland, 171
- Scraper, flake, 79;
- end-scraper on blade, 77, 78;
- keel-shaped, 79, 80, 81
- Sculpture in caves, 83
- Sebilian III, 126
- Shaheinab, 135
- Sheep, wild, 108;
- at Skara Brae, 142;
- in China, 54
- Shellfish, 142
- Ship, Ubaidian, 153
- Sialk, 126, 134;
- assemblage, 134
- Siberia, 88;
- pathway to New World, 98
- Sickle, 112, 153;
- blade, 113, 130
- Silo, 122
- Sinanthropus, 27, 30, 35
- Skara Brae, 142
- Snails used as food, 128
- Soan, 47
- Solecki, R., 116
- Solo (fossil type), 29, 32
- Solutrean industry, 77
- Spear, shaft, 78;
- thrower, 82, 83
- Speech, development of organs of, 25
- Squash, in America, 145
- Steinheim fossil skull, 28
- Stillbay industry, 67
- Stonehenge, 166
- Stratification, in caves, 12, 57;
- in sites, 12
- Swanscombe (fossil type), 11, 28
- Syria, 107
- Tabun, 60, 71
- Tardenoisian, 97
- Taro, 107
- Tasa, 135
- Tayacian, 47, 59
- Teeth, pierced, in beads and pendants, 114
- Temples, 123, 155
- Tepe Gawra, 156
- Ternafine, 29
- Teshik Tash, 69
- Textiles, 122
- Thong-stropper, 80
- Tigris River, floods in, 148
- Toggle, 80
- Tomatoes, in America, 145
- Tombs, megalithic, 141
- Tool-making, 42, 49
- Tool-preparation traditions, 65
- Tools, 62;
- antler, 80;
- blade, 70, 71, 75;
- bone, 66;
- chopper, 47;
- core-biface, 43, 48, 60, 61;
- flake, 44, 47, 51, 60, 64;
- flint, 80, 127;
- ground stone, 68, 127;
- handles, 94;
- pebble, 42, 43, 48, 53;
- use of, 24
- Touf (mud wall), 128
- Toynbee, A. J., 101
- Trade, 130, 155, 162
- Traders, 167
- Traditions, 15;
- blade tool, 70;
- definition of, 51;
- interpretation of, 49;
- tool-making, 42, 48;
- chopper-tool, 47;
- chopper-chopping tool, 45;
- core-biface, 43, 48;
- flake, 44, 47;
- pebble tool, 42, 48
- Tool-making, prehistory of, 42
- Turkey, 107, 108
- Ubaid, 153;
- assemblage, 153–155
- Urnfields, 168, 169
- Village-farming community era, 105, 119
- Wad B, 72
- Wadjak, 34
- Warka phase, 156;
- assemblage, 156
- Washburn, Sherwood L., 36
- Water buffalo, domestication of, 107
- Weidenreich, F., 29, 34
- Wessex, 166, 167
- Wheat, wild, 108;
- partially domesticated, 127
- Willow leaf point, 78
- Windmill Hill, 138;
- assemblage, 138, 140
- Witch doctors, 68
- Wool, 112;
- in garments, 167
- Writing, 158;
- cuneiform, 158
- Würm I glaciation, 58
- Zebu cattle, domestication of, 107
- Zeuner, F. E., 73