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Prehistoric villages, castles, and towers of southwestern Colorado cover

Prehistoric villages, castles, and towers of southwestern Colorado

Chapter 2: ILLUSTRATIONS
By Jesse Walter Fewkes
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About This Book

A systematic archaeological survey documents prehistoric masonry sites across southwestern Colorado and nearby canyons, cataloguing village plans, cliff dwellings, towers, and defensive works. The author classifies ruins by layout and construction, supplies measured ground plans and photographic plates, and examines masonry techniques, tower construction, reservoirs, cemeteries, pictographs, and minor artifacts. Individual groups receive detailed descriptions and maps, and comparisons emphasize architectural variation—rectangular room blocks, circular ritual or storage compartments, peripheral chambers, and isolated towers. The account concludes by synthesizing site distribution, building practices, and functional interpretations to illuminate past settlement patterns and material culture.

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES
1.   a, Butte Ruin.
  b, Aztec Spring Ruin.
  c, Surouaro, Yellow Jacket Spring Ruin.
2.   a, Blanchard Ruin.
  b, Blanchard Ruin, Mound 2.
  c, Surouaro, Yellow Jacket Spring Ruin.
3.   a, Acmen Ruin.
  b, Mud Spring Ruin.
4.   a, Building on rock pinnacle, near Stone Arch, Sand Canyon.
  b, Stone Arch, Sand Canyon.
5.   a, Tower in Sand Canyon.
  b, Unit type House in Sand Canyon.
6.   a, Stone Arch House, Sand Canyon.
  b, Cliff-house, showing broken corner.
7.   a, Scaffold in Sand Canyon.
  b, Storage cist in Mancos Valley.
  c, Pictographs near Unit type House in cave.
8.   Double cliff-dwelling, Sand Canyon.
9.   a, Cliff-dwelling under Horseshoe Ruin.
  b, Cliff-dwelling, Ruin Canyon.
10.   a, Kiva of cliff ruin, Lost Canyon.
  b, Cliff ruin, Lost Canyon.
11.   a, Square Tower in Square Tower Canyon.
  b, Tower in McLean Basin.
  c, Ruin in Hill Canyon, Utah.
12.   Head of South Fork, Square Tower Canyon.
13.   North Fork of Square Tower Canyon, looking west.
14.   a, Hovenweep House and Hovenweep Castle, from the south.
  b, Hovenweep Castle, from the west.
  c, Hovenweep Castle, from the south.
15.   a, West end of Twin Tower, showing small cliff-house.
  b, Twin Towers, Square Tower Canyon, from the south.
  c, Tower 4, junction of North and South Forks, Square Tower Canyon.
16.   a, Hovenweep Castle, with Sleeping Ute Mountain, South Fork, Square Tower Canyon.
  b, Entrance to South Fork, Square Tower Canyon.
17.   Stronghold House, Square Tower Canyon.
18.   a, Head of Holly Canyon.
  b, South side of Hovenweep Castle, Square Tower Canyon.
19.   a, Holly Canyon group, from the east.
  b, Great House at head of Holly Canyon, from the north.
  c, Unit type Ruin, from the east.
20.   a, Great House at head of Holly Canyon, from the south.
  b, Ruin B at head of Holly Canyon, from the west.
  c, Great House at head of Holly Canyon.
21.   a, Great House, Holly Canyon.
  b, Stronghold House and Twin Towers, Square Tower Canyon.
22.   a, Hovenweep Castle.
  b, Southern part of Cannonball Ruin, McElmo Canyon.
23.   a, Square tower with rounded corners, Holly Canyon.
  b, Holly Tower in Holly Canyon.
  c, Horseshoe House.
24.   a, Horseshoe Ruin.
  b, Bowlder Castle, Road (Wickyup) Canyon.
25.   a, Closed doorway in Bowlder Castle, Road (Wickyup) Canyon.
  b, Broken-down round tower, Square Tower Canyon.
26.   a, North side of tower, Square Tower Canyon.
  b, D-shaped tower near Davis ranch, Yellow Jacket Canyon.
  c, Model of towers in McLean Basin.
27.   Round tower and D-shaped tower in McLean Basin.
28.   a, D-shaped tower in McLean Basin, showing cross section of wall.
  b, Round tower in McLean Basin, showing standing stone slab.
29.   a, Holmes Tower, Mancos Canyon.
  b, Lion Tower, Yellow Jacket Canyon.
30.   a, Tower above cavate storehouses, Mancos Canyon, below bridge.
  b, Tower on mesa between eroded cliffs and bridge over Mancos Canyon, on Cortez Ship-rock Road.
31.   a, Tower above cavate storehouses, Mancos Canyon, below bridge.
  b, Eroded shale formation in which are small walled cavate storehouses.
32.   a, Reservoir near Picket corral, showing retaining wall.
  b, Kiva, Unit type House, Square Tower Canyon.
33. Pictographs, Yellow Jacket Canyon.
TEXT FIGURES
Page
1. Ground plan of Aztec Spring Ruin   26
2. Ground plan of Wood Canyon Ruin 32
3. Metes and bounds of Emerson Ruin 34
4. Schematic ground plan of Emerson Ruin 35
5. Ground plan of Unit type House in cave 39
6. Square Tower Canyon 45
7. Ground plan of Hovenweep House 46
8. Ground plan of Hovenweep Castle 47
9. Ground plan of Twin Towers 50
10. Ground plan of Unit type House 51
11. Holly Canyon Ruins 52
12. Horseshoe (Hackberry) Canyon 53
13. Ground plan of Horseshoe House 54
14. Ground plan of Davis Ruin 55
15. Ground plan of Lion House 55
16. Ground plan of ruin with towers in McLean Basin 56
17. Doorway in Round Tower, McLean Basin 57
18. Megalithic stone inclosure, McElmo Bluff 61