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Premature Burial and How It May Be Prevented

Chapter 33: INDEX.
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About This Book

A survey of death-counterfeits and measures to prevent accidental interment. The authors compile medical descriptions of trance, catalepsy, and suspended animation; collect documented narrow escapes and probable cases; analyse predisposing conditions and signs of death; discuss funeral formalities, embalming, dissection, certification, and burial customs including cremation and waiting mortuaries; review treatment and resuscitation of the apparently dead, including infants and the drowned; and conclude with practical legal and procedural recommendations, historical appendices, and an extensive bibliography aimed at reducing hasty burials and guiding legislative reform.

INDEX.

Aldis, Dr. C. J. B., letter on tying up the chin after death, 343.

All the Year Round, paper cited from, on apparent death and means of recovery, 268-273.

Andersen, Hans Christian, his dread of being buried alive, 154.

Angell, Mr. George T., 259.

Animation, suspended, in a case of small-pox, 99.

(See “Trance.”)

Apathy, public, concerning live burial, 39.

Apoplexy, certified, in cases of apparent death, 83;

Lénormand on, as cause of apparent death, 175.

Asclepiades recovers a corpse from the bier, 325.

Auscultation, fallacies of, in diagnosis of death, 261.

Austria, laws of, for inspection of dead, 355.

Awaking in coffin, inference as to, at Les Innocens, Paris, 51;

at Fort Randall, U.S.A., 351;

case of at Tonneins, 52;

at Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, 53;

at Rudenberg, 53;

at Montflorin, 54;

at Bohaste, 54;

at Salon (Bouches du Rhône), 55;

at Naples, 55;

at Grenoble, 56;

at New York (two cases), 56, 57;

at Derbisch, Bohemia, 58;

at Majola, Mantua, 58;

at Cesa, Naples, 58;

at Erie, Pa., 59;

at Tioobayn, St. Petersburg, 59;

at Le Pin, Grenoble, 60;

in Madras, 60;

at Calcutta, 61, 62;

Köppen’s cases of, 212-214;

case of, in Franciscan monk, 211;

at Bordeaux, 224;

old cases at Cologne, 326, 327;

at Dijon, 327;

at Vesoul, 328;

of a cardinal at Rome, 329;

of case related by Elliotson, 334;

of Robert Scott, 336;

of Rev. John Gardner, 337;

of case related by Dr. Herz, 337;

of Mrs. Goodman, 339;

of cases related by Köppen, 340;

cases related by British Medical Journal, 342, 343.

Barnett, Dr. J. M., publishes letter on the blister test, 260.

Bavaria, official regulations of, for preventing premature burial, 204;

police instructions of, for corpse inspection, 206.

Berkeley, Bishop, his dread of being buried alive, 154.

Beugless, Mr. J. D., on the dread of premature interment, 156.

Bibliography, seventeenth century, 363;

eighteenth century, 364-367;

relating to humane societies, 367;

nineteenth century, 369;

theses, 378;

French articles, 379;

German articles, 381;

English and American articles, 384;

Spanish articles, 387;

Italian articles, 387.

Billimoria, Mr. N. F., writes to the author on premature burning in India, 134;

relates cases of Parsees recovered from apparent death, 139;

on advantages of the Parsee customs in assuring revival, 141.

Bishop, Mrs. Eleanor F., her escape from premature embalming, 231.

Blau, M., certifies an escape from live burial at Toulouse, 145.

Blavatsky, Madam, the late, had an escape from live burial, 104.

Blunden, Madam, her burial alive at Basingstoke, 51.

Bombay, customs in disposal of dead, 357.

Bonawitz, Mr. J. H., relates two experiences of escape, 279.

Bordeaux, corpses shown in cathedral of, which had moved in the coffin, 224.

Bouchut, Dr. E., his book gives sensational cases, 20;

relates case rescued alive from coffin, 122.

Braid, Mr. James, narrates case of catalepsy, 37;

on animal hibernation, 41;

on trance in fakirs, 46;

on Sir Claude Wade’s testimony, 47;

cases of trance with sense of hearing good, 334.

Brandon, Mr. R., his paper on mortuaries for recovery cited, 289.

British Medical Journal, on signs of death, 198;

case of difficulty in diagnosing real death, 199;

hardly any one sign but putrefaction infallible, 200;

records two cases of revivals in the coffin, 342, 343.

Brewer, Dr., relates cases of narrow escape, 75.

Broadwey, Dorset, catalepsy in a bride at, 38.

Brouardel, Dr. P., experiment on live dog in coffin, 211.

Brown-Séquard, Dr., on fallacy of clenched jaws as sign of death, 187.

Bruhier, Dr., relates case of premature dissection, 233.

Brussels, regulations for verification of death, 248;

burial regulations and mortuaries of, 358.

Buffon, Comte de, on the treatment of the dead, 215.

Bukovina, case of resuscitation in, 176.

Burial, ancient practices of, 331-333.

Burial, hasty, case of, at Roscrea, 350.

Burial, live, experiment on, at Westminster Aquarium, 48.

Burial, premature, a class of probable cases of, 113-119;

G. A. Walker on risks of, 215;

Fletcher on risks of, 217;

number of cases of, 220-228;

frequency of estimated, 220-228;

Hufeland on risks of, 221.

Buried alive, cases of. (See under “Awaking.”)

Burning Ghat, the, of Calcutta, visited by the author, 129.

Burton, Lady, provisions of her will against risk of live burial, 154.

Cadaveric, the, countenance as sign of death, 187.

Calcutta, the Burning Ghat, visited by the author, 129;

burial customs at, 357.

Cameron, Sir C., M.D., of Dublin, mortuary needed, 303.

Cameron, Sir C., M.P., on worthless or wanting death-certificates, 243.

Cape Town, want of mortuary regulations at, 357.

Carnot, M., petitions French Senate on premature burial, 74;

his statistics of live burial, 223.

Carpmael, Mr. E. E., hypodermic strychnine as a reviver, 265.

Casket, The, on testimony of opened graves, 351;

on hasty embalming, 351.

Cassell’s Family Physician, account of catalepsy from, 33.

Catalepsy, definition and symptoms of, 32-34;

cases of, by Good, 34;

Jebb, 35;

Dr. King Chambers, 35;

Paris correspondent of Lancet, 37;

Braid, 37;

at Broadwey in 1895, 38;

Gowers on predisposition to, 120;

case of revival on eve of burial, 122;

Dr. Milner on, 186.

Cavendish, Miss Ada, provision in her will against risk of live burial, 154.

Certificates of death, laxity of, 11, 241;

prematurely given, 242;

worthless or wanting, 243;

directions for filling up, 242;

in France, 246-248;

in Brussels, 248;

in Würtemburg, 249;

in Dover, New Hampshire, 252;

Mr. A. Braxton Hicks on, 253;

Mr. Brindley James on, 254;

Daily Chronicle on, 255;

a German resident on the Würtemburg practice in, 255.

Ceylon, risks of premature disposal of dead in, 132, 133.

Chambers, Dr. T. King, relates and cites cases of catalepsy, 35.

Chantourelle, Dr., raises debate on premature burial at Paris Academy of Medicine, 51.

Chew, Dr. Roger S., relates cases of live burial, 60-63;

his own case of escape from same, 89;

other cases of escape from same, 90-94;

case of chloroformed girl buried as dead, 125;

on cholera collapse mistaken for death, 126;

on safety of soldiers in India from live burial, 136;

on putrefactive test, 183;

on rigor mortis, 185;

on frequency of live burial, 227;

on auscultation sounds after death, 261.

Chippendale, Mr. J., on post-mortem sweating, 29.

Chloral, supposed death from, 192.

Chloroform, effects of simulating death, 125.

Cholera, special risk of live burial in cases of, 92, 95, 101, 126, 149.

Chri, Mr. Vira Raghava, describes disposal of dead at Madras, 131.

Chunder Sen, Mr., relates case of trance in a fakir, 44.

Coffin, sounds from the, 106, 107.

Colerus, on apparent death, 330.

Collins, Dr. W. J., advises the providing of mortuaries, 309.

Cologne, old instances of revival at, 326, 327.

Colombo, a Catholic priest of, subject to death-trances, 130.

Conclamation, practice of, by the Caribs, 331;

in antiquity, 331, 332;

in Russia, 332;

in the case of the Widow of Nain’s son, 332.

Conclusions, summary of, 321.

Constantinople, risks of live burial at, 147.

Cooper, Mr. M., surgeon, on apparent deaths, 17;

relates case of Madam Blunden, 51;

case at Toulouse of escape from live burial, 145;

condemns hasty burial, 171.

Cork, case of revival from apparent death in a child at, 318.

Creighton, Dr. C., his History of Epidemics cited, 282.

Cremation, at Calcutta, 129;

among Brahmins at Madras, 131;

at Benares, 131;

as a preventive of premature burial, 274-278;

approved on general grounds, 282.

Crowe, Mrs., cases related by, 336.

Curran, Dr. W., brigade-surgeon, his papers in Health on Burial Alive, 103;

relates case of premature dissection, 236.

Curry, Dr. James, women predisposed to death-counterfeits, 121;

on slow ebbing of life, 174;

on exciting the skin as a test, 258;

cases cited from, 334.

Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, on premature dissections, 233;

relates remarkable case of revival after apparent death, 340.

Daily Chronicle, on lax death-certification, 255.

Dalmatia, ordinances of, for inspection of dead, 356.

Davies, Major-General T., his account of hibernating jerboa, 40.

Dead, the, treatment of, 215;

Buffon on same, 215;

G. A. Walker on, 215;

Fletcher on, in United States, 217;

Whiter on, 218;

as a department of medical practice, 218.

Death-certification, Select Committee on, purport of its evidence, 11;

advises authorisations to embalm, 232;

evidence before, 238;

recommendations of, 239;

support of same at medical meeting, 239;

questions by as to premature burial, 244.

(See under “Certificates.”)

Death, counterfeits of, 27;

their duration, 208-214;

Josat’s table of same, 209;

Köppen’s illustrations of same, 212.

Death, signs of, popular, 180;

scientific, 181-207.

(See also under “Tests of Death.”)

Death, sudden, the only real cases of, 159;

Farr on definition of, 160;

Granville on same, 160;

Tidy on causes of, 161;

Wilder on same, 163;

recent instances of, from newspapers, 164-170;

from heart-disease, 176;

Manchester Criterion on revivals from, 178;

Dr. Wilder on risks of premature burial in, 178;

laws against early burial after, 179.

Death, uncertainty of, 43;

G. A. Walker on, 216;

London Review on, 316.

Death, verification of, 246-256.

Denmark, burial and mortuary regulations of, 358.

Diaphanous test, the, failure of, 187;

Haward on, 188;

Gannal on, 191;

Orfila on, 191;

Richardson on, 192.

Dijon, case of awaking in the tomb at, 327.

Disraeli, Benjamin, endures a week’s trance, 23.

Dissection, premature, probable case of, related by Ogston, 232;

Bruhier’s case of, 233;

Louis’ case of, 234;

Cyclopædia of Pract. Med. on stories of, 234;

Le Guern’s case of, 235;

Hartmann’s case of, 235;

Curran’s case of, 236;

case at Lille, 311;

by Vesalius, 329;

of a Spanish lady, 330.

Dog, the, his instinct for the presence of life in Parsee ceremonies, 137, 138;

in an Austrian case, 142;

in a Moravian case, 143.

Donnet, Cardinal Archbishop, relates to French Senate cases of narrow escape from live burial, 71-74;

including his own case, 73.

Douce, Francis, the antiquary, his fear of being buried alive, 153.

Dover, New Hampshire, ordinances of, for verification of death, 252.

Drowned, recovery of the, 347;

cases of, by Struve, 347;

Londe’s case of, 347;

Green’s case of, 348;

recent cases of (Royal Humane Society), 349.

Dryden, Lady, her testamentary provisions, 334.

Duncan, Dr. Ebenezer, statistics of Glasgow burials, 284.

Duration of death-counterfeits, 208;

statistics of, 209;

experiments on, 210, 211;

in case of Franciscan monk, 211;

Köppen’s illustrations of, 212-214.

Electricity as a restorative agent, 262-265.

Elliotson, Dr., case related by, 334.

Embalming, makes death certain, 229;

cases of premature, 230, 231;

case of escape from same, 231;

authority of Home Secretary advised for, 232;

hasty, in the United States, 351.

Empedocles, his recovery of woman supposed dead, 330.

Escape from dissection at Lille, 311.

Escape from live burial, 64;

case of Sir W. Lindsay, 64;

case related by Vigné, 66;

case of professor’s wife at Tübingen, 66;

case at Coventry in 1858, 67-70;

case at St. Agnan de Cenuières, 71;

cases related by Cardinal Donnet, 71-74;

Dr. Brewer on, 75;

case at Cleveland, Ohio, 76;

two cases of, related by Dr. M. S. Tanner, 76;

case by Dr. W. O’Neill, of Lincoln, 77;

case at Clinton, Ky., 78;

at Memphis, Tenn., 79;

at Burham, Rochester, 80;

at St. Leonards, 80;

case related by Dr. F. A. Floyer, 81;

at Penn Station, U.S., 83;

at Vagueray, Lyons, 83;

at Limoges, 84;

at St. Louis, 84;

at Lagos, 84;

at Militsch, Silesia, 85;

at Sprakers, Rondout, N.Y., 85;

at Heap Bridge, Heywood, 86;

in the daughter of a physician, 87;

in a case related to the author, 88;

Dr. R. S. Chew’s personal experience of, 89;

in cases communicated by him, 90-96;

in the cases of two Irish persons of rank, 96;

in case related by Dr. Colin Valentine, 97;

in case related by Dr. A. Stephenson, 97;

in the case of the Metropolitan of Lesbos, 98;

in cases of small-pox, 99;

in cases related by Rev. Harry Jones, 100;

in case at St. Paul’s, Belchamp, near Clare, 101;

in case at Neufchâtel, 102;

in case at Alleghany, 103;

in the case of the late Madam Blavatsky, 104;

in a case at Toulouse, 145;

in a case in Würtemburg, 251;

in case related by Graves, 254;

in two cases certified dead by several physicians, 277;

in case at Lille, 311;

in the Munich mortuary, 311;

in a mortuary at Berlin, 313;

in the Frankfort mortuary, 313;

in a Brussels mortuary, 314;

in a Cassel mortuary, 314;

in a Lille mortuary, 314;

in a Buffalo mortuary, 315;

in the Marylebone mortuary, 315.

Escapes from being cremated alive in India, 132-135.

Exhumation, law of, in England, 106;

cases of, too late for rescue, 106-110;

case of, in time to save life, 111.

Fabri, William, condemns hasty burial, 171.

Fagge, Dr. Hilton, on risk of live burial in cases of sudden death, 175;

on putrefaction as the only certain sign of death, 183.

Fakirs, cases of trance in, 44-48;

experiment with, related by Hartmann, 49.

Farquharson, Dr. R., M.P., on lax death-certification, 240;

examines a witness as to live burial, 245.

Farr, Dr. William, on definition of sudden death, 160.

Fear of premature burial, Spectator on, 18, 153-158;

eminent subjects of, 153, 154;

Rev. John Kingston on prevalence of, 156.

Ferrier, Dr., on signs of death, 184.

Figaro, Le, correspondence in, on live burial, 228.

Fletcher, Dr. Moore Russell, on animal hibernation, 42;

relates cases of narrow escape, 76-88;

on negligent treatment of the dead, 217;

on restoratives, 265.

Floyer, Dr. F. A., relates case of narrow escape, 81.

Forestus on possibility of recovering supposed dead, 331.

Formalities, fatal consequences of, 105.

Foster, Sir Walter, M.D., examines a witness as to live burial, 245.

Fothergill, Dr. A., on cadaveric countenance, 187;

on the art of restoring animation, 320.

France, laws of, relating to burials, 354.

Frankfort, regulations for inspection of the dead, 353.

Froriep, M., cited as to ratio of revivals in grave, 222.

Gairdner, Dr. W. T., case of trance for twenty-three weeks, 23-27.

Gannal, Dr. Félix, his valuable Bibliography, 3;

on putrefaction the only real test, 185;

on diaphanous test, 191;

on fallacious signs of death, 203.

Gaubert, M., his estimate of ratio of live burials, 226;

his essay proves that waiting mortuaries are useful, 309.

Gazette Medicale on putrefactive test, 183.

Gazette Medicale d’ Orient asserts live burials at Constantinople, 147.

Germany, waiting mortuaries of, 11;

movement in, to prevent premature interment, 146.

Gibbons, Dr. P. J., on premature embalming, 231.

Glycas, Nicephorus, Metropolitan of Lesbos, escapes live burial, 98.

Goa, resident of, prematurely coffined, 133.

Godfrey, Mrs., case of, 339.

Gooch, Dr., his case of catalepsy, 34.

Goodman, Mrs., celebrated case of, 339.

Gowers, Dr. W. R., on trance, 22;

on catalepsy, 32;

on predisposition to same, 120.

Granville, Dr. A. B., on sudden death, 160.

Graves, Dr. F., relates case of escape from live burial, 254.

Green, Anne, case of, at Oxford, 328.

Green, Dr. J. W., case of tardy recovery after immersion, 348.

Guern, M. le, his experience of frequency of live burial, 223;

relates case of premature dissection, 235.