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Primitive culture, vol. 2 (of 2)

Chapter 10: INDEX.
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About This Book

The second volume continues an examination of animistic belief, tracing doctrines about souls, their persistence after death, and forms of rebirth or transmigration into human, animal, vegetal, and object bodies. It surveys scarce belief in bodily resurrection, widespread notions of a continued but mortal soul, ghosts attached to corpses and funerary rites, and legends of journeys to lands of the dead with varied localizations. It then broadens animism into spirit-theory, treating embodiment, possession, fetishes, idols, and spirit-caused illness, and considers spirits as agents in dreams, visions, and everyday phenomena while noting parallels with emerging scientific explanations.

INDEX.

  • Abacus, i. 270.
  • Accent, i. 173.
  • Acephali, i. 390.
  • Achilles:—vulnerable spot, i. 358; dream, i. 444;
    • in Hades, ii. 81.
  • Acosta, on American archetypal deities, ii. 244.
  • Adam, ii. 312, 315.
  • Ælian, i. 372, ii. 423;
    • on Kynokephali, i. 389.
  • Æolus, i. 361, ii. 269.
  • Æsculapius:—incubation in temple, ii. 121;
    • serpents of, ii. 241.
  • Affirmative and negative particles, i. 192.
  • Afghans, race-genealogy of, i. 403.
  • Agni, ii. 281, 386.
  • Agreement in custom and opinion no proof of soundness, i. 13.
  • Agriculture, god of, ii. 305.
  • Ahriman, ii. 328.
  • Ahura-Mazda, ii. 283, 328, 355.
  • Alexander the Great, i. 395, ii. 138.
  • Alfonso di Liguori, St., bilocation of, i. 447.
  • Alger, W. R., i. 471, 484, ii. 83.
  • Algonquin languages, animate and inanimate genders, i. 302.
  • Ali as Thunder-god, ii. 264.
  • All Souls’, feast of dead, ii. 37.
  • Allegory, i. 277, 408.
  • Aloysius Gonzaga, St., letters to, ii. 122.
  • Alphabet, i. 171;
    • by raps, i. 145;
    • as numeral series, i. 258.
  • Amatongo, i. 443, ii. 115, 131, 313, 367, 387.
  • Amenti, Egyptian dead-land, ii. 67, 81, 96, 295, 311.
  • Amphidromia, ii. 439.
  • Analogy, myth product of, i. 297.
  • Ancestors, eponymic myths of, i. 398, ii. 234;
  • Ancestral names indicate re-birth of souls, ii. 5.
  • Ancestral tablet, Chinese, ii. 118, 152.
  • Andaman Islanders, mythic origin of, i. 369, 389.
  • Angang, omen from meeting animal, i., 120.
  • Angel, see Spirit;
    • of death, i. 295, ii. 196, 322.
  • Angelo, St., legend of, i. 295.
  • Anima, animus, i. 433, 470.
  • Animals:—omens from, i. 120;
    • calls to and cries of, 177;
    • imitative names from cries, &c., 206;
    • treated as human, i. 467, ii. 230;
    • souls of, i. 469;
    • future life and funeral sacrifice of, i. 469, ii. 75, &c.;
    • entry and transmigration of souls into and possession by spirits, ii. 7, 152, 161, 175, 231, 241, 378, &c.;
    • diseases transferred to, ii. 147;
    • see spirits invisible to men, ii. 196.
  • Animals, sacred, incarnations or representatives of deities, ii. 231;
    • receive and consume sacrifices, 378.
  • Animal-worship, i. 467, ii. 229, 378.
  • Animism:—defined, i. 23, 425;
  • Anra-Mainyu, ii. 328.
  • Antar, tumulus of, ii. 29.
  • Anthropomorphic conceptions of spirit and deity, ii. 110, 184, 247, 335.
  • Antipodes, i. 392.
  • Ape-men, i. 379;
    • apes degenerate men, 376;
    • can but will not talk, 379.
  • Apollo, ii. 294.
  • Apophis-serpent, ii. 241.
  • Apotheosis, ii. 120.
  • Apparitional soul, i. 428;
    • its likeness to body, 450.
  • Apparitions, i. 143, 440, 445, 478, ii. 24, 187, 410, &c.
  • Archetypal deities and ideas, ii. 243.
  • Ares, ii. 308.
  • Argos Panoptes, i. 320.
  • Argyll, Duke of, on primæval man, i. 60.
  • Arithmetic, see Counting.
  • Arriero, i. 191.
  • Arrows, magic, i. 345.
  • Artemidorus, on dream-omens, i. 122.
  • Artemis, ii. 302.
  • Aryan race:—no savage tribe among, i. 49;
    • antiquity of culture, i. 54.
  • Ascendant in horoscope, i. 129.
  • Ashera, worship of, ii. 166, 226.
  • Ashes strewn for spirit-footprints, i. 455. ii. 197.
  • Asmodeus, ii. 254.
  • Association of ideas, foundation of magic, i. 116.
  • Astrology, i. 128, 291.
  • Atahentsic, ii. 299, 309, 323.
  • Atahocan, ii. 323, 340.
  • Atavism, explained by transmigration, ii. 3.
  • Atheist, use of word, i. 420.
  • Augury, &c., i. 119. See ii. 179, 232.
  • Augustine, St., i. 199, 441, ii. 54, 427;
    • on dreams, i. 441;
    • on incubi, ii. 190.
  • Augustus, genius of, ii. 202.
  • Avatars, ii. 239.
  • Avernus, Lake, ii. 45.
  • Ayenbite of Inwyt, i. 456.
  • Baal-Shemesh, ii. 295.
  • Bacon, Lord, on allegory, i. 277.
  • Bætyls, animated stones, ii. 166.
  • Baku, burning wells of, ii. 281.
  • Baldr, i. 464.
  • Bale, Bishop, i. 384;
    • on witchcraft, i. 142.
  • Bands, clerical, i. 18.
  • Baptism, ii. 440;
    • orientation in, 427.
  • Baring-Gould, S., on werewolves, i. 314.
  • Bastian, Adolf, Mensch in der Geschichte, i. vi.; ii. 209, 222, 242, 280, &c.
  • Baudet, etymology of, i. 413.
  • Beal, ii. 252, 408.
  • Bear, Great, i. 359.
  • Beast-fables, i. 381, 409.
  • Bees, telling, i. 287.
  • Bel, ii. 293, 380, 384.
  • Berkeley, Bishop, on ideas, i. 499;
    • on force and matter, ii. 160.
  • Bewitching by objects, i. 116.
  • Bible and key, ordeal by, i. 128.
  • Bilocation, i. 447.
  • Bird, of thunder, i. 362;
    • bird conveys spirit, ii. 161, 175.
  • Blackstone’s Commentaries, i. 20.
  • Blemmyæ, headless men, i. 390.
  • Blood:—related to soul, i. 431;
  • Blood-red stain, myths to account for, i. 406.
  • Bloodsuckers, ii. 191.
  • Blow-tube, i. 67.
  • Bo tree, ii. 218.
  • Boar’s head, ii. 408.
  • Boats without iron, myth on, i. 374.
  • Bochica, i. 353, ii. 290.
  • Boehme, Jacob, on man’s primitive knowledge, ii. 185.
  • Bolotu, ii. 22, 62, 310.
  • Boni Homines, i. 77.
  • Book of Dead, Egyptian, ii. 13, 96.
  • Boomerang, i. 67.
  • Boreas, i. 362, ii. 268.
  • Bosjesman, etymology of word, i. 381.
  • Bow and Arrow, i. 7, 15, 64, 73.
  • Brahma, ii. 354, 425.
  • Brahmanism:—funeral rites, i. 465, &c.;
    • transmigration, ii. 9, 19, 97;
    • manes-worship, 119;
    • stone-worship, 164;
    • idolatry, 178;
    • animal-worship, 238;
    • sun-worship, 292;
    • orientation, 425;
    • lustration, 437.
  • Breath, its relation to soul, i. 432.
  • Bride-capture, game of, i. 72.
  • Bridge, first crossing, i. 106;
    • of dead, i. 495, ii. 50, 94, 100, &c.
  • Brinton, D. G., i. 53, 361, ii. 90, 340;
    • on dualistic myths, ii. 320.
  • Britain, eponymic kings of, i. 400;
    • voyage of souls to, ii. 64.
  • Brosses, C. de, on degeneration and development, i. 36;
    • origin of language, 161;
    • fetishism, ii. 144;
    • species-deities, 246.
  • Browne, Sir Thos., on magnetic mountain, i. 375.
  • Brutus, evil genius of, ii. 203.
  • Brynhild, i. 465.
  • Buck, buck, game of, i. 74.
  • Buddha, transmigrations of, i. 414, ii. 11.
  • Buddhism:—culture-tradition, i. 41;
    • saints rise in air, i. 149;
    • transmigration, ii. 11, 20, 97;
    • nirvana, ii. 79;
    • tree-worship, i. 476, ii. 217;
    • serpent-worship, 240;
    • religious formulas, 372.
  • Buildings, victim immured in foundation, i. 104, &c.;
    • mythic founders of, i. 394.
  • Bull, Bishop, on guardian angels, ii. 203.
  • Bura Pennu, ii. 327, 350, 368, 404.
  • Burial, ghost wanders till, ii. 27;
    • corpse laid east and west, 423.
  • Burning oats from straw, i. 44.
  • Burton, R. F., continuance-theory of future life, ii. 75;
    • disease-spirits, 150.
  • Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, incubi, &c., ii. 191.
  • Buschmann, on nature-sound, i. 223.
  • Butler, Bishop, on natural religion, ii. 356.
  • Cacodæmon, ii. 138, 202.
  • Cæsar, on German deities, ii. 294.
  • Cagots, i. 115, 384.
  • Calls to animals, i. 177.
  • Calmet, on souls, i. 457;
    • on spirits, ii. 188, &c.
  • Calumet, i. 210.
  • Candles against demons, ii. 194.
  • Cant, myth on word, i. 397.
  • Cardinal numbers, i. 257.
  • Cards, Playing, i. 82, 126.
  • Cassava, i. 63.
  • Castrén, ii. 80, 155, 177, 245, 351, &c.
  • Cave-men, condition of, i. 59.
  • Ceremonies, religious, ii. 362, &c.
  • Ceres, ii. 306.
  • Chances, games of, their relation to arts of divination, i. 78.
  • Chanticleer, i. 413.
  • Charivari at eclipse, i. 329.
  • Charms:—objects, i. 118, ii. 148;
    • formulas, their relation to prayers, ii. 373.
  • Charon, i. 490, ii. 93.
  • Chesterfield, Lord, on customs, i. 95;
    • on omens, i. 118.
  • Chic, myth on word, i. 397.
  • Child-birth-goddess, ii. 305.
  • Children, numerical series of names for, i. 254;
    • suckled by wild beasts, i. 281;
    • receive ancestors’ souls and names, ii. 4;
    • sacrifice of, ii. 398, 403.
  • Children’s language, i. 223.
  • China, religion of:—funeral rites, i. 464, 493;
    • manes-worship, ii. 118;
    • cultus of heaven and earth, 257, 272, 352;
    • divine hierarchy, 352;
    • prayer, 370;
    • sacrifices, 385, 405.
  • Chinese culture-tradition, i. 40;
    • remains in Borneo, i. 57.
  • Chiromancy or palmistry, i. 125.
  • Chirp or twitter of ghosts, &c., i. 453.
  • Christmas, origin of, ii. 297.
  • Chronology, limits of ancient, i. 54.
  • Cicero, on dreams, i. 444;
    • sun-gods, ii. 294.
  • Civilization, see Culture.
  • Civilization-myths, i. 39, 353.
  • Civilized men adopt savage life, i. 45.
  • Clairvoyance, by objects, i. 116.
  • Clashing rocks, myth of, i. 347.
  • Clicks, i. 171, 192.
  • Cocoa-nut, divination by, i. 80.
  • Coin placed with dead, i. 490, 494.
  • Columba, St., legend of, i. 104.
  • Columbus, his quest of Earthly Paradise, ii. 61.
  • Common, right of, i. 20.
  • Comparative theology, ii. 251.
  • Comte, Auguste, i. 19;
    • fetishism, i. 477, ii. 144, 354;
    • species-deities, 242.
  • Confucius, i. 157;
    • funeral sacrifice, i. 464, ii. 42;
    • spirits, 206;
    • name of supreme deity, 352.
  • Consonants, i. 169.
  • Constellations, myths of, i. 290, 356.
  • Continuance-theory of future life, ii. 75.
  • Convulsions:—by demoniacal possession, ii. 130;
    • artificially produced, 416.
  • Convulsionnaires, ii. 420.
  • Copal incense, ii. 384.
  • Cord, magical connexion by, i. 117.
  • Corpse taken out by special opening in house, ii. 26;
    • soul remains near, ii. 29, 150.
  • Cortes, i. 319.
  • Costume, i. 18.
  • Counting, art of i. 22, 240, &c.;
    • on fingers and toes, 244;
    • by letters of alphabet, &c., 258;
    • derivation of numeral words, 247;
    • evidence of independent development of low tribes, 271.
  • Counting games, i. 75, 87.
  • Couvade, in South India, i. 84.
  • Cow, name of, i. 208;
  • Cox, G. W., i. 341, 346, 362.
  • Creator, doctrine of, ii. 249, 312, 321, &c.
  • Credibility of tradition, i. 275, 370.
  • Crete, earth of, fatal to serpents, i. 372.
  • Cromlechs and menhirs objects of worship, ii. 164.
  • Culture:—
  • Curtius, Marcus, leap of, ii. 378.
  • Curupa, cohoba, narcotic used in W. Ind. and S. Amer., ii. 416.
  • Customs, permanence of, i. 70, 156;
    • rational origin of, 94.
  • Customs of Dahome, i. 462.
  • Cyclops, i. 391.
  • Cyrus, i. 281, 286.
  • Dancing for religious excitement, ii. 133, 420.
  • Danse Macabre, myth on name, i. 397.
  • Dante, Divina Commedia, ii. 55, 220.
  • Daphne, ii. 220.
  • Dark, evil spirits in, ii. 194.
  • Darwin, Charles, i. vii., ii. 152, 223.
  • Dasent, G. W., i. 19.
  • Davenport Brothers, i. 152, 311.
  • Dawn, i. 338, &c.
  • Day, sun as eye of, i. 350.
  • Day and Night, myths of, i. 322, 337, &c., ii. 48, 323.
  • Dead, use objects sacrificed for them, i. 485;
    • feasts of, ii. 29;
    • region of future life of, ii. 59, 74, 244;
    • god and judge of, ii. 75, &c., 308.
  • Deaf and Dumb, counting, i. 244, 262;
    • their mythic ideas, i. 298, 413.
  • Death:—
    • ascribed to sorcery, i. 138;
    • omens of, i. 145, 449;
    • angel of, i. 295, ii. 196, 332;
    • personification and myths of, i. 295, 349, 355, ii. 46, &c., 309;
    • death and sunset, myths of, i. 335, ii. 48;
    • exit of soul at death, i. 448, ii. 1, &c.;
    • death of soul, ii. 22.
  • Death-watch, i. 146.
  • Decimal notation, i. 261.
  • Degeneration in culture, i. 35, &c.;
    • is a secondary action, i. 38, 69;
    • examples of, in Africa, North America, &c., i. 47.
  • Delphi, oracle of, i. 94, ii. 138.
  • Demeter, i. 328, ii. 273, 306.
  • Democritus, theory of ideas, i. 497.
  • Demons:—souls become, ii. 27, 111, &c.;
    • iron, charm against, i. 140;
    • pervade world, ii. 111, 137, 185, &c.;
    • disease-demons, 126, &c., 177, 192, 215;
    • water-demons, i. 109, ii. 209;
    • tree and forest demons, ii. 215, 222;
    • possession and obsession by demons, i. 98, 152, 309, ii. 111, 123, &c., 179, 404;
    • expulsion of, i. 103, ii. 125, 199, 438;
    • answer in own name through patient or medium, ii. 124, &c., 182, 404.
  • Dendid, creation-poem of, ii. 21.
  • Deodand, origin of, i. 20, 287.
  • Destruction of objects sacrificed to dead, i. 483;
    • to deities, ii. 376, &c.
  • Development of culture, see Culture.
  • Development myths, men from apes, &c., i. 376.
  • Devil:—as satyr, i. 307;
    • devils’ tree, ii. 148;
    • devil-dancers, ii. 133;
    • devil-worshippers, ii. 329.
  • Dice, for divination and gambling, i. 82.
  • Dies Natalis, ii. 202, 297.
  • Differential words, phonetic expression of distance and sex, i. 220.
  • Dirge, Lyke-wake, i. 495; of Ho, ii. 32.
  • Disease:—personification and myths of, i. 295;
    • caused by exit of soul, i. 436;
    • by demoniacal possession, &c., i. 127, ii. 114, 123, 404;
    • disease-spirits, ii. 125, &c., 178, 215, 408;
    • embodied in objects or animals, 146, 178, &c., see Demons, Vampires.
  • Distance expressed by phonetic modification, i. 220.
  • Divination:—lots, i. 78;
    • symbolic processes, 81, 117;
    • augury, &c., 119;
    • dreams, 121;
    • haruspication, 124;
    • swinging ring, &c., 126;
    • astrology, 128;
    • possessed objects, i. 125, ii. 155.
  • Divining rod and pendulum, i. 127.
  • Doctrines borrowed by low from high races:—on future life, ii. 91;
    • dualism, 316;
    • supremacy, 333.
  • Dodona, oak of, ii. 219.
  • Dog-headed men, i. 389.
  • Dolmens, &c., myths suggested by, i. 387.
  • Domina Abundia, ii. 389.
  • Dook, ghost, i. 433.
  • D’Orbigny, on religion of low tribes, i. 419;
    • on sun-worship, ii. 286.
  • Dravidian languages, high and low gender, i. 302.
  • Dreams:—
    • omens by, i. 121;
    • by contraries, 122;
    • caused by exit of soul, i. 440;
    • by spiritual visit to soul, i. 442, 478;
    • evidence of future life, ii. 24, 49, 75;
    • oracular fasting for, 410;
    • narcotizing for, 416.
  • Drift, stone implements from, i. 58.
  • Drivers’ and Drovers’ words, i. 180.
  • Drowning, superstition against rescuing from, i. 107;
    • caused by spirits, 109, ii. 209.
  • Drugs used to produce morbid excitement, dreams, visions, &c., ii. 416.
  • Dual and plural numbers in primitive culture, i. 265.
  • Dualism:—good and evil spirits, ii. 186;
    • good and evil genius, 202;
    • good and evil deity, 316.
  • Dusii, ii. 190.
  • Dwarfs, myths of, i. 385.
  • Dyu, ii. 258.
  • Earth, myths of, i. 322, &c., 364, ii. 270, 320.
  • Earth-bearer, i. 364.
  • Earth-goddess and earth-worship, i. 322, &c., ii. 270, 306, 345.
  • Earth-mother, i. 326, &c., 365.
  • Earthquake, myths of, i. 364.
  • Earthly Paradise, ii. 57, &c.
  • Earthly resurrection, ii. 5.
  • East and West, burial of dead, turning to in worship, adjusting temples toward, ii. 383, 422.
  • Easter fires and festivals, ii. 297.
  • Eclipse, myths of, i. 288, 329, 356;
    • driving off eclipse monster, i. 328.
  • Ecstasy, swoon, &c.:—
    • by exit of soul, i. 439:
    • by demoniacal possession, ii. 130;
    • induced by fasting, drugs, excitement, ii. 410, &c.
  • Edda, i. 84, ii. 77, &c.
  • Egypt, antiquity of culture, i. 54;
    • religion of, future life, ii. 13, 96;
    • animal worship, 238;
    • sun-worship, 295, 311;
    • dualism, 327;
    • polytheism and supremacy, 355.
  • El, ii. 355.
  • Elagabal, Elagabalus, Heliogabalus, ii. 295, 398.
  • Elements, worship of the four, ii. 303.
  • Elf-furrows, myth of, i. 393.
  • Elijah as thunder-god, ii. 264.
  • Elysium, ii. 97.
  • Embodiment of souls and spirits, ii. 3, 123, &c.
  • Emotional tone, i. 166, &c.
  • Emphasis, i. 173.
  • Endor, witch of, i. 446.
  • Energumens or demoniacs, ii. 139.
  • Englishman, Peruvian myth of, i. 354.
  • Enigmas, Greek, i. 93.
  • Enoch, Book of, i. 408.
  • Enthusiasm, changed signification of, ii. 183.
  • Epicurean theory of development of culture, i. 37, 60;
    • of soul, 456;
    • of ideas, 497.
  • Epileptic fits by demoniacal possession, ii. 130, 137;
    • induced, 419.
  • Eponymic ancestors, &c., myths of, i. 387, 398, &c., ii. 235.
  • Essence of food consumed by souls, ii. 39;
    • by deities, 381.
  • Ethereal substance of soul, i. 454;
    • of spirit, ii. 198.
  • Ethnological evidence from myths of monstrous tribes, i. 379, &c.;
    • from eponymic race-genealogies, 401.
  • Etiquette, significance of, i. 95.
  • Etymological myths:—
    • names of places, i. 395;
    • of persons, 396;
    • nations, cities, &c., traced to eponymic ancestors or founders, 398, &c.
  • Euhemerism, i. 279.
  • Evans, Sir John, on stone implements, i. 65;
    • Sebastian, i. 106, 453.
  • Evil deity, ii. 316, &c.;
    • worshipped only, 320.
  • Excitement of convulsions, &c., for religious purposes, ii. 133, 419.
  • Exeter, myth on name of, i. 396.
  • Exorcism and expulsion of souls and spirits, i. 102, 454, ii. 26, 40, 125, &c., 146, 179, 199, 438.
  • Expression of feature causes corresponding tone, i. 165, 183.
  • Expressive sound modifies words, i. 215.
  • Ex-voto offering, ii. 406, 409.
  • Eye of day, of Odin, of Graiæ, i. 350.
  • Fables of animals, i. 381, 409.
  • Familiar spirits, ii. 199.
  • Fancy, in mythology, i. 315, 405.
  • Fasting for dreams and visions, i. 306, 445, ii. 410.
  • Fauns and satyrs, ii. 227.
  • Feasts of the dead, ii. 30;
    • sacrificial banquets, 395.
  • Feralia, ii. 42.
  • Fergusson, Jas., on tree-worship, ii. 218;
    • serpent-worship, 240.
  • Fetch or wraith, i. 448, 452.
  • Fetish, etymology of, ii. 143.
  • Fetishism:—defined, ii. 143;
    • doctrine of, i. 477, ii. 157, &c., 175, 205, 215, 270, &c.;
    • survival of, ii. 160;
    • its relation to philosophical theory of force, 160;
    • to nature-worship, 205; to animal-worship, 231;
    • transition to polytheism, 243;
    • to supremacy, 335;
    • to pantheism, 354.
  • Fiji and S. Africa, moon-myth common to, i. 355.
  • Finger-joints cut off as sacrifice, ii. 400.
  • Fingers and toes, counting on, i. 242.
  • Finns, as sorcerers, i. 84, 115.
  • Fire, passing through or over, i. 85, ii. 281, 429, &c.;
    • lighted on grave, i. 484;
    • drives off spirits, ii. 194;
    • new fire, ii. 278, 290, 297, 432;
    • perpetual fire, 278;
    • sacrifice by fire, 383, &c.
  • Fire-drill, i. 15, 50;
    • ceremonial and sportive survival of, 75, ii. 281.
  • Fire-god and fire-worship, ii. 277, 376, &c., 403.
  • Firmament, belief in existence of, i. 299, ii. 70.
  • First Cause, doctrine of, ii. 335.
  • Food offered to dead, i. 485, ii. 30, &c.;
    • to deities, ii. 397;
    • how consumed, ii. 39, 376.
  • Footprints of souls and spirits, ii. 197.
  • Forest-spirits, ii. 215, &c.
  • Formalism, ii. 363, 371.
  • Formulas:—prayers, ii. 371;
  • Fortunate Isles, ii. 63.
  • Four winds, cardinal points, i. 361.
  • Frances, St., her guardian angels, ii. 203.
  • French numeral series in English, i. 268.
  • Fumigation, see Lustration.
  • Funeral procession:—
    • horse led in, i. 463, 474;
    • kill persons meeting, 464.
  • Funeral sacrifice:—
    • attendants and wives killed for service of dead, i. 458;
    • animals, 472;
    • objects deposited or destroyed, 481;
    • motives of, 458, 472, 483;
    • survival of, 463, 474, 492;
    • see Feast of Dead.
  • Future Life, i. 419, 469, 480, ii. 1, &c., 100;
    • transmigration of soul, ii. 2;
    • remaining on earth or departure to spirit-world, ii. 22;
    • whether races without belief in, 20;
    • connexion with evidence of senses in dreams and visions, 24, 49;
    • locality of region of departed souls, 44, 74;
    • visionary visits to, 46;
    • connexion of solar ideas with, 48, 74, 311, 422;
    • character of future life, 74;
    • continuance-theory, 75;
    • retribution-theory, 83;
    • introduction of moral element, 10, 83;
    • stages or doctrine of future life, 100;
    • its practical effect on mankind, 104;
    • god of the dead, 308.
  • Gambling numerals, i. 268.
  • Games:—
    • children’s games related to serious occupations, i. 72;
    • counting-games, 74;
    • games of chance related to arts of divination, 78.
  • Gataker, on lots, i. 79.
  • Gates of Hades, Night, Death, i. 347.
  • Gayatri, daily sun-prayer of Brahmans, ii. 292.
  • Genders, distinguished as male and female, animate and inanimate, &c., i. 301.
  • Genghis-Khan, worshipped, ii. 117.
  • Genius, patron or natal, ii. 199, 216;
    • good and evil, 203;
    • changed signification of word, 181.
  • German and Scandinavian mythology and religion:—
    • funeral sacrifice, i. 464, 491;
    • Walhalla, ii. 79, 88;
    • Hel, i. 347, ii. 88;
    • Odin, Woden, i. 351, 362, ii. 269;
    • Loki, i. 83, 365;
    • Thor, Thunder, ii. 266;
    • Sun and Moon, i. 289, ii. 294.
  • Gesture-language, and gesture accompanying language, i. 163;
    • effect of gesture on vocal tone, 165;
    • gesture-counting original method, i. 246.
  • Ghebers or Gours, fire-worshippers, ii. 282.
  • Gheel, treatment of lunatics at, ii. 143.
  • Ghost:—ghost-soul, i. 142, 428, 433, 445, 488;
    • seen in dreams and visions, 440, &c.;
    • voice of, 452;
    • substance and weight of, 453;
    • of men, animals, and objects, 429, 469, 479;
    • popular theory inconsistent and broken down from primitive, 479;
    • ghost as harmful and vengeful demons, ii. 27;
    • ghosts of unburied wander, ii. 28;
    • ghosts remain near corpse or dwelling, ii. 29, &c.;
    • laying ghosts, ii. 153, 194.
  • Giants, myths of, i. 386.
  • Gibbon, on development of culture, i. 33.
  • Glanvil, Saducismus Triumphatus, ii. 140.
  • Glass-mountain, Anafielas, i. 492.
  • Godless month, ii. 350.
  • Gods:—seen in vision, i. 306;
    • of waters, ii. 209;
    • of trees, groves, and forests, 215;
    • embodied in or represented by animals, 231;
    • gods of species, 242;
    • higher gods of polytheism, 247, &c.;
    • of dualism, 316;
    • gods of different religions compared, 250;
    • classified by common attributes, 254.
  • Gog and Magog, i. 386, &c.
  • Goguet, on degeneration and development, i. 32.
  • Gold, worshipped, ii. 154.
  • Good and evil, rudimentary distinction of, ii. 89, 318;
    • good and evil spirits and dualistic deities, 317.
  • Goodman’s croft, ii. 408.
  • Graiæ, eye of, i. 352.
  • Great Spirit, ii. 256, 324, 339, 343, 354, 365, 395.
  • Great-eared tribes, i. 388.
  • Greek mythology and religion:—nature-myths, i. 320, 328, 349;
    • funeral rites, 464, 490;
    • future life, ii. 53, 63, &c.;
    • nature-spirits and polytheism, 206, &c.;
    • Zeus, 258, &c., 355;
    • Demeter, 273, 306;
    • Nereus, Poseidon, 277;
    • Hephaistos, Hestia, 284;
    • Apollo, 294;
    • Hekate, Artemis, 302;
    • stone-worship, 165;
    • sacrifice, 386, 396;
    • orientation, 426;
    • lustration, 439.
  • Grey, Sir George, i. 322.
  • Grote, George, on mythology, i. 276, 400.
  • Grove-spirits, ii. 215.
  • Guarani, name of, i. 401.
  • Guardian spirits and angels, ii. 199.
  • Gulf of dead, ii. 62.
  • Gunthram, dream of i. 442.
  • Gypsies, i. 49, 115.
  • Hades, under-world of departed souls, i. 335, 340, ii. 65, &c., 81, 97, 309;
    • descent into, i. 340, 345, ii. 45, 54, 83;
    • personification of, i. 340, ii. 55, 309, 311.
  • Haetsh, Kamchadal, ii. 46, 313.
  • Hagiology, ii. 120, 261;
    • rising in air, i. 151;
    • miracles, i. 157, 371;
    • second-sight, i. 449;
    • hagiolatry, ii. 120.
  • Hair, lock of, as offering, ii. 401.
  • Half-men, tribes of, i. 391.
  • Haliburton, on sneezing-rite, i. 103.
  • Hamadryad, ii. 215.
  • Hand-numerals, from counting on fingers, &c., i. 246.
  • Hanuman, monkey-god, i. 378.
  • Harakari, i. 463.
  • Harmosios and Aristogeiton, ii. 63.
  • Harpies, ii. 269.
  • Harpocrates, ii. 295.
  • Haruspication, i. 123, ii. 179.
  • Harvest-deity, ii. 305, 364, 368.
  • Hashish, ii. 379.
  • Head-hunting, Dayak, i. 459.
  • Headless tribes, myths of, i. 390.
  • Healths, drinking, i. 96.
  • Heart, related to soul, i. 431, ii. 152.
  • Heaven, region of departed souls, ii. 70.
  • Heaven and earth, universal father and mother, i. 322, ii. 272, 345.
  • Heaven-god, and heaven-worship, i. 306, 322, ii. 255, &c., 337, &c., 367, 395.
  • Hebrides, low culture in, i. 45.
  • Hekate, i. 150, ii. 302, 418.
  • Hel, death-goddess, i. 301, 347, ii. 88, 311.
  • Hell, ii. 56, 68, 97;
    • related to Hades, ii. 74, &c.;
    • as place of torment, not conception of savage religion, 103.
  • Hellenic race-genealogy, i. 402.
  • Hellshoon, i. 491.
  • Hephaistos, ii. 212, 280.
  • Hera, ii. 305.
  • Herakles, ii. 294;
    • and Hesione, i. 339.
  • Hermes Trismegistus, ii. 178.
  • Hermotimos, i. 439, ii. 13.
  • Hero-children suckled by beasts, i. 281.
  • Hesiod, Isles of Blest, ii. 63.
  • Hestia, ii. 284.
  • Hiawatha, poem of, i. 345, 361.
  • Hide-boiling, i. 44.
  • Hierarchy, polytheistic, ii. 248, 337, 349, &c.
  • Hissing, for silence, contempt, respect, i. 197.
  • History, relation of myth to, i. 278, 416, ii. 447;
    • criticism of, i. 280;
    • similarity of nature-myth to, 320.
  • Hole to let out soul, i. 453.
  • Holocaust, ii. 385, 396.
  • Holyoake, Holywood, &c., ii. 229.
  • Holy Sepulchre, Easter fire at, ii. 297.
  • Holy water, ii. 188, 439.
  • Holy wells, ii. 214.
  • Horne Tooke on interjections, i. 175.
  • Horse, sacrificed or led at funeral, i. 463, 473.
  • Horseshoes, against witches and demons, i. 140.
  • House abandoned to ghost, ii. 25.
  • Hucklesbones, i. 82.
  • Huitzilopochtli, ii. 254, 307.
  • Human sacrifice:—funerals, i. 458;
  • Humbolt, W. v., on continuity, i. 19;
    • on language, 236;
    • on numerals, 253.
  • Hume, Natural History of religion, i. 477.
  • Huns, as giants, i. 386.
  • Hunting-calls, i. 181.
  • Hurricane, i. 363.
  • Hyades, i. 358.
  • Hysteria, &c., by possession, ii. 131, &c.;
    • induced, 419.
  • Iamblichus, i. 150, ii. 187.
  • Ideas:—Epicurean related to object-souls, i. 497;
    • Platonic related to species-deities, ii. 244.
  • Idiots, inspired, ii. 128.
  • Idol, see Image.
  • Idolatry as related to fetishism, ii. 168.
  • Images:—fallen from heaven, i. 157;
  • Imagination, based on experience, i. 273, 298, 304.
  • Imitative words, i. 200;
    • verbs, &c., of blowing, swelling, mumbling, spitting, sneezing, eating, &c., 203, &c.;
    • names of animals, 206;
    • names of musical instruments, 208;
    • verbs, &c., of striking, cracking, clapping, falling, &c., 211;
    • prevalence of imitative words in savage language, 212;
    • imitative adaptation of words, 214.
  • Immateriality of soul, not conception of lower culture, i. 456, ii. 198.
  • Immortality of soul, not conception of lower culture, ii. 22.
  • Implements, inventions of, i. 64, &c.
  • Incas, myth of ancestry and civilization, i. 288, 354, ii. 290, 301.
  • Incense, ii. 383.
  • Incubi and succubi, ii. 189.
  • Indigenes of low culture, i. 50, &c.;
    • considered as sorcerers, 113;
    • myths of, as monsters, 376, &c.
  • Indo-Chinese languages, musical pitch of vowels, i. 169.
  • Indra, i. 320, ii. 265.
  • Infant, lustration of, ii. 430, &c.
  • Infernus, ii. 81.
  • Innocent VIII., bull against witchcraft, i. 139, ii. 190.
  • Inspiration, ii. 124, &c.
  • Inspired idiot, ii. 128.
  • Interjectional words:—verbs, &c. of wailing, laughing, insulting, complaining, fearing, driving, &c., i. 187;
    • hushing, hissing, loathing, hating, &c., 197.
  • Interjections, i. 175;
    • sense-words used as, 176;
    • directly expressive sounds, 183.
  • Intoxicating liquor, absence of, i. 63.
  • Intoxication as a rite, ii. 417.
  • Inventions, development of, i. 14, 62;
    • myths of, 39, 392.
  • Iosco, Ioskeha and Tawiscara, myth of, i. 288, 348, ii. 323.
  • Ireland, low culture in, i. 44.
  • Iron, charm against witches, elves, &c., i. 140.
  • Islands, earth of, fatal to serpents, i. 372;
    • of Blest, ii. 57.
  • Italian numeral series in English, i. 268.
  • Jameson, Mrs., on parables, i. 414.
  • Januarius, St., blood of, i. 157.
  • Jerome, St., ii. 428.
  • Jew’s harp, vowels sounded with, i. 168.
  • John, St., Midsummer festival of, ii. 298.
  • Johnson, Dr., i. 6, ii. 24.
  • Jonah, i. 329.
  • Jones, Sir W., on nature deities, ii. 253, 286.
  • Joss-sticks, ii. 384.
  • Journey to spirit-world, region of dead, i. 481, ii. 44, &c.
  • Judge of dead, ii. 92, 314.
  • Julius Cæsar, i. 320.
  • Jupiter, i. 350, ii. 258, &c.
  • Kaaba, black stone of, ii. 166.
  • Kalewala, Finnish epic, ii. 46, 80, 93, 261.
  • Kali, ii. 425.
  • Kami-religion of Japan, ii. 117, 301, 350.
  • Kang-hi on magnetic needle, i. 375.
  • Kathenotheism, ii. 354.
  • Keltic counting by scores continued in French and English, i. 263.
  • Kepler on world-soul, ii. 354.
  • Kimmerian darkness, ii. 48.
  • Kissing, i. 63.
  • Kitchi Manitu and Matchi Manitu, Great and Evil Spirit, ii. 324.
  • Klemm, Gustav, on development of implements, i. 64.
  • Kobong, ii. 235.
  • Koran, i. 407, ii. 77, 296.
  • Kottabos, game of, i. 82.
  • Kronos swallowing children, i. 341.
  • Kynokephali, i. 389.
  • Lake-dwellers, i. 61.
  • Language:—i. 17, 236, ii. 445;
    • directly expressive element in, i. 160;
    • correspondence of this in different languages, 163;
    • interjectional forms, 175;
    • imitative forms, 200;
    • differential forms, 220;
    • children’s language, 223;
    • origin and development of language, 229;
    • relation of language to mythology, 299;
    • gender, 301;
    • language attributed to birds, &c., 19, 469;
    • place of language in development of culture, ii. 445.
  • Langue d’oc, &c., i. 193.
  • Last breath, inhaling, i. 433.
  • Laying ghosts, ii. 25, 153.
  • Legge, J., on Confucius, ii. 352.
  • Leibnitz, i. 2.
  • Lewes, G. H., i. 497.
  • Liebrecht, Felix, i. vii., 108, 177, 348-9, ii. 24, 164, 195, &c.
  • Life caused by soul, i. 436.
  • Light and darkness, analogy of good and evil, ii. 324.
  • Likeness of relatives accounted for by re-birth of soul, ii. 3.
  • Limbus Patrum, ii. 83.
  • Linnæus, name of, ii. 229.
  • Little Red Riding-hood, i. 341.
  • Loki, 83, 365.
  • Lots, divination and gambling by, i. 78.
  • Lubbock, Sir J.:—
    • evidence of metallurgy and pottery, against degeneration-theory, i. 57;
    • on low tribes described as without religious ideas, i. 421;
    • on water-worship, ii. 210;
    • on totemism, ii. 237.
  • Lucian, i. 149, ii. 13, 52, 67, 302, 426.
  • Lucina, ii. 302.
  • Lucretius, i. 40, 60, 498.
  • Lunatics, demoniacal possession of, ii. 124, &c.
  • Lustration, by water and fire, ii. 429, &c.;
    • of new-born children, 430;
    • of women, 432;
    • of those polluted by blood or corpse, 433;
    • general, 434, &c.
  • Luther, on witches, i. 137;
    • on guardian angels, ii. 203.
  • Lyell, Sir C., on degeneration-theory, i. 57.
  • Lying in state, of King of France, ii. 35.
  • Lyke-wake dirge, i. 495.
  • McLennan, J. F., theory of totemism, ii. 236.
  • Macrocosm, i. 350, ii. 354.
  • Madness and idiocy by possession, ii. 128, &c., 179.
  • Magic:—
  • Magnetic Mountain, philosophical myth of, i. 374.
  • Maistre, Count de, on degeneration in culture, i. 35;
    • astrology, 128;
    • animation of stars, 291.
  • Makrokephali, i. 391.
  • Malleus Maleficarum, ii. 140, 191.
  • Man, primitive condition of, i. 21, ii. 443;
  • Man of the woods, bushman, orang-utan, i. 381.
  • Man swallowed by monster, nature-myth of, i. 335, &c.
  • Manco Capac, i. 354.
  • Manes and manes-worship, i. 98, 143, 434, ii. 8, 111, &c., 129, 162, 307, 364;
    • theory of, ii. 113, &c.;
    • divine ancestor or first man as great deity, 311, 347.
  • Manichæism, ii. 14, 330.
  • Manitu, ii. 249, 324, 339.
  • Manoa, golden city of, ii. 249.
  • Manu, laws of:—ordeal by water, i. 141;
    • pitris, ii. 119.
  • Marcus Curtius, leap of, ii. 378.
  • Margaret, St., i. 340.
  • Markham, C. R., i. vii., ii. 337, 366, 392, &c.
  • Marriages in May, i. 70.
  • Mars, ii. 308.
  • Martius, Dr. V., on dualism, ii. 325.
  • Maruts, Vedic, i. 362, ii. 268.
  • Mass, ii. 410.
  • Master of life or breath, ii. 339, 343, 365.
  • Materiality of soul, i. 453;
    • of spirit, ii. 198.
  • Maui, i. 335, 343, 360, ii. 253, 267, 279.
  • Maundevile, Sir John, i. 375, ii. 45.
  • Medicine, of N. A. Indians, ii. 154, 200, 233, 372, &c., 411.
  • Meiners, History of Religions, ii. 27, 48, &c.
  • Melissa, i. 491.
  • Men descended from apes, myths of, i. 376;
    • men with tails, 383.
  • Menander, guardian genius, ii. 201.
  • Merit and demerit, Buddhist, ii. 12, 98.
  • Messalians, i. 103.
  • Metaphor, i. 234, 297;
    • myths from, 405.
  • Metaphysics, relation of animism to, i. 497, ii. 242, 311.
  • Metempsychosis, i. 379, 409, 469, 476, ii. 2;
    • origin of, ii. 16.
  • Micare digitis, i. 75.
  • Middleton, Conyers, i. 157, ii. 121.
  • Midgard-snake, ii. 241.
  • Midsummer festival, ii. 298.
  • Milk and blood, sacrifices of, ii. 48;
  • Milky Way, myths of, i. 359, ii. 72.
  • Mill, J. S., on ideas of number, i. 240.
  • Milton, on eponymic kings of Britain, i. 400.
  • Minne, drinking, i. 96.
  • Minucius Felix, on spirits, &c., ii. 179.
  • Miracles, i. 276, 371, ii. 121.
  • Mithra, i. 351, ii. 293, 297.
  • Moa, legend of, ii. 50.
  • Mohammed, legend of, i. 407.
  • Moloch, ii. 403.
  • Money borrowed to be repaid in next life, i. 491.
  • Monkeys, preserved as dwarfs, i. 388;
  • Monotheism, ii. 331.
  • Monster, driven off at eclipse, i. 328;
    • hero or maiden devoured by, 335.
  • Monstrous mythic human tribes, ape-like, tailed, gigantic and dwarfish, noseless, great-eared, dog-headed, &c., i. 376, &c.;
    • their ethnological significance, 379, &c.
  • Month’s mind, i. 83.
  • Moon:—
    • omens and influence by changes, i. 130;
    • myths of, 288, 354;
    • inconstant, 354;
    • changes typical of death and new life, i. 354, ii. 300;
    • moon-myths common to S. Africa and Fiji, i. 354, and to Bengal and Malay Peninsula, 356;
    • moon abode of departed souls, ii. 70.
  • Moon-god and moon-worship, i. 289, ii. 299, &c., 323.
  • Moral and social condition of low tribes, i. 29, &c.
  • Moral element in culture, i. 28;
    • absent or scanty in lower religions, i. 247, ii. 361;
    • divides lower from higher religions, ii. 361;
    • introduced in funeral sacrifice, i. 495;
    • in transmigration, ii. 12;
    • in future life, 85, &c.;
    • in dualism, 316, &c.;
    • in prayer, 373;
    • in sacrifice, 386, &c.;
    • in lustration, 429.
  • Morals and law, ii. 448.
  • Morbid imagination related to myth, i. 305.
  • Morbid excitement for religious purposes, ii. 416, &c.
  • Morning and evening stars, myths of, i. 344, 350.
  • Morra, game of, in Europe and China, i. 75.
  • Morzine, demoniacal possessions at, i. 152, ii. 141.
  • Mound-builders, i. 56.
  • Mountain, abode of departed souls on, ii. 60;
    • ascending for rain, 260.
  • Mouth of Night and Death, myths of, i. 347.
  • Müller, J. G., on future life, ii. 90, &c.
  • Müller, Max:—on language and myth, i. 299;
    • funeral rites of Brahmans, 466;
    • heaven-god, ii. 258, 353;
    • sun-myth of Yama, 314;
    • Chinese Religion, 352;
    • kathenotheism, 354.
  • Mummies, ii. 19, 34, 151.
  • Musical instruments named from sound, i. 208.
  • Musical tone used in language, i. 168, 174.
  • Mutilation of soul with body, i. 451.
  • Mythology:—i. 23, 273, &c.;
    • formation and laws of, 273, &c.;
    • allegorical interpretation, 277;
    • mixture with history, 278;
    • rationalization, euhemerism, &c., 278;
    • classification and interpretation, 281, 317, &c.;
    • nature-myths, 284, 316, &c.;
    • personification and animation of nature, 285;
    • grammatical gender as related to, 301;
    • personal names of objects as related to, 303;
    • morbid delusion, 305;
    • similarity of nature-myths to real history, 319;
    • historical import of mythology, i. 416, ii. 446;
    • its place in culture, ii. 446;
    • philosophical myths, i. 366;
    • explanatory legends, 392;
    • etymological myths, 395;
    • eponymic myths, 399;
    • legends from fancy and metaphor, 405;
    • realized or pragmatic legends, 407;
    • allegory and parables, 408.
  • Myths:—myth-riddles, i. 93;
    • origin of sneezing-rite, 101;
    • foundation-sacrifice, 104;
    • heroes suckled by beasts, 281;
    • sun, moon, and stars, 288, &c.;
    • eclipse, 288;
    • waterspout, 292;
    • sand-pillar, 293;
    • rainbow, 293, 297;
    • waterfalls, rocks, &c., 295;
    • disease, death, pestilence, 295;
    • phenomena of nature, 297, 320;
    • heaven and earth, i. 322, ii. 345;
    • sunrise and sunset, day and night, death and life, i. 335, ii. 48, 62, 322;
    • moon, inconstant, typical of death, i. 353;
    • civilization-legends, 39, 353;
    • winds, i. 361, ii. 266;
    • thunder, i. 362, ii. 264;
    • men and apes, development and degeneration, i. 378;
    • ape-men, 379;
    • men with tails, 382;
    • giants and dwarfs, 385;
    • monstrous men, 389;
    • personal names introduced, 394;
    • race-genealogies of nations, 402;
    • beast-fables, 409;
    • visits to spirit-world, ii. 46, &c.;
    • giant with soul in egg, 153;
    • transformation into trees, 219;
    • dualistic myth of two brothers, 320.
  • Nagas, serpent-worshippers, ii. 218, 240.
  • Names:—
    • of children in numerical series, i. 254;
    • of objects as related to myth, 303;
    • of personal heroes introduced into myths, 394;
    • of places, tribes, countries, &c., myths formed from, 396;
    • ancestral names given to children, ii. 4;
    • name-giving ceremonials, ii. 429.
  • Natural religion, i. 427, ii. 103, 356.
  • Nature, conceived of as personal and animated, i. 285, 478, ii. 184.
  • Nature-deities, polytheistic, ii. 255, 376.
  • Nature-myths, i. 284, 316, &c., 326.
  • Nature-spirits, elves, nymphs, &c., ii. 184, 204, &c.
  • Necromancy, i. 143, 312, 446;
  • Negative and affirmative particles, i. 192.
  • Negroes re-born as whites, ii. 5.
  • Neo or Hawaneu, ii. 333.
  • Neptune, ii. 276.
  • Nereus, ii. 274, 277.
  • Neuri, i. 313.
  • New birth of soul, ii. 3.
  • Newton, Sir Isaac, on sensible species, i. 498.
  • Nicene Council, spirit-writing at, i. 148.
  • Nicodemus, Gospel of, ii. 54.
  • Niebuhr, on origin of culture, i. 41.
  • Night, myths of, i. 334, ii. 48, 61.
  • Nightmare-demon, ii. 189, 193.
  • Nilsson, Sven, on development of culture, i. 61, 64.
  • Nirvana, ii. 12, 79.
  • Nix, water-demon, i. 110, ii. 213.
  • Norns or Fates, i. 352.
  • Noseless tribes, i. 388.
  • Notation, arithmetical, quinary, decimal, vigesimal, i. 261.
  • Numerals:—low tribes only to 3 or 5, i. 242;
  • Nympholepsy, ii. 137.
  • Nymphs:—water-nymphs, ii. 212;
  • Objectivity of dreams and visions, i. 442, 479;
    • abandoned, 500.
  • Objects treated as personal, i. 286, 477, ii. 205;
    • souls or phantoms of objects, i. 478, 497, ii. 9;
    • dispatched to dead by funeral sacrifice, i. 481.
  • Occult sciences, see Magic.
  • Odin, or Woden, as heaven-god, i. 351, 362, ii. 269;
    • one-eyed, i. 351.
  • Odysseus, unbinding of, i. 153;
    • descent to Hades, i. 346, ii. 48, 65.
  • Ohio, Ontario, i. 190.
  • Ojibwa, myth of, i. 345, ii. 46.
  • Oki, demon, ii. 208, 255, 342.
  • Old man of sea, ii. 277.
  • Omens, i. 97, 118, &c., 145, 449.
  • Omophore, Manichæan, i. 365.
  • One-eyed tribes, i. 391.
  • Oneiromancy, i. 121.
  • Opening to let out soul, i. 453.
  • Ophiolatry, see Serpent-worship.
  • Ophites, ii. 242.
  • Oracles, i. 94, ii. 411;
    • by inspiration or possession, ii. 124, &c., 179.
  • Orang-utan, i. 381.
  • Orcus, ii. 67, 80.
  • Ordeal by fire, i. 85;
    • by sieve and shears, 128;
    • by water, 140;
    • by bear’s head, ii. 231.
  • Ordinal numbers, i. 257.
  • Oregon, Orejones, i. 389.
  • Orientation, solar rite or symbolism, ii. 422.
  • Origin of language, i. 231;
    • numerals, 247.
  • Orion, i. 358, ii. 81.
  • Ormuzd, ii. 283, 328.
  • Orpheus and Eurydike, i. 346, ii. 48.
  • Osiris, ii. 67, 295;
    • and Isis, i. 289.
  • Otiose supreme deity, ii. 320, 336, &c.
  • Outcasts, distinct from savages, i. 43, 49.
  • Owain, Sir, visit to Purgatory, ii. 56.
  • Pachacamac, ii. 337, 366.
  • Pandora, myth of, i. 408.
  • Panotii, i. 389.
  • Pantheism, ii. 332, 341, 354.
  • Papa, mamma, &c., i. 223.
  • Paper figures substitutes in sacrifice, i. 464, 493, ii. 405.
  • Parables, i. 411.
  • Pars pro toto in sacrifice, ii. 399.
  • Parthenogenesis, ii. 190, 307.
  • Particles, affirmative and negative, i. 192;
    • of distance, 220.
  • Passage de l’Enfer, ii. 65.
  • Patrick, St., i. 372;
    • his Purgatory, i. 45, 55.
  • Patroklos, i. 444, 464.
  • Patron saints, ii. 120;
    • patron spirits, 199.
  • Pattern and matter, ii. 246.
  • Pennycomequick, i. 396.
  • Periander, i. 491.
  • Perkun, Perun, ii. 266.
  • Persephone, myth of, i. 321.
  • Perseus and Andromeda, i. 339.
  • Persian race-genealogy, i. 403.
  • Personal names, in mythology, i. 303, 394, 396.
  • Personification:—natural phenomena, i. 28, &c., 320, 477, ii. 205, 254;
    • disease, death, &c., i. 295;
    • ideas, 300;
    • tribes, cities, countries, &c., 339;
    • Hades, i. 339, ii. 55.
  • Pestilence, personification and myths of, i. 295.
  • Peter and Paul, Acts of, i. 372.
  • Petit bonhomme, game of, i. 77.
  • Petronius Arbiter, i. 75, ii. 261.
  • Philology, Generative, i. 198, 230.
  • Philosophical myths, i. 368.
  • Phrase-melody, i. 174.
  • Pillars of Hercules, i. 395.
  • Pipe, i. 208.
  • Pithecusæ, i. 377.
  • Places, myths from names of, i. 395.
  • Planchette, i. 147.
  • Plants, souls of, i. 474.
  • Plath, on Chinese religion, ii. 352, &c.
  • Plato, on transmigration, ii. 13;
    • Platonic ideas, 244.
  • Pleiades, i. 291, 358.
  • Pliny on magic, i. 133;
    • on eclipses, 334.
  • Plurality of souls, i. 433.
  • Plutarch, visits to spirit-world, ii. 53.
  • Pneuma, psyche, i. 433, &c.
  • Pointer-facts, i. 62.
  • Polytheism, ii. 247, &c.;
    • based on analogy of human society, ii. 248, 337, 349, 352;
    • classification of deities by attributes, 255;
    • heaven-god, 255, 334, &c.;
    • rain-god, 259;
    • thunder-god, 262;
    • wind-god, 266;
    • earth-god, 270;
    • water-god, 274;
    • sea-god, 275;
    • fire-god, 277;
    • sun-god, 286, 335, &c.;
    • moon-god, 299;
    • gods of childbirth, agriculture, war, &c., 304;
    • god and judge of dead, 308;
    • first man, divine ancestor, 311;
    • evil deity, 316;
    • supreme deity, 332;
    • relation of polytheism to monotheism, 331.
  • Popular rhymes, &c., i. 86;
  • Poseidon, i. 365, ii. 277, 378.
  • Possession and obsession, see Demons, Embodiment.
  • Pott, A. F., on reduplication, i. 219;
    • on numerals, 261.
  • Pottery, evidence from remains, i. 56;
    • absence of potter’s wheel, 45, 63.
  • Pozzuoli, myth of subsidence of, i. 372.
  • Pragmatic or realized myths, i. 407.
  • Prayer:—
    • doctrine of, ii. 364, &c.;
    • relation to nationality, 371;
    • introduction of moral element, 373;
    • prayers, i. 98, ii. 136, 208, 261, 280, 292, 329, 338, 364, &c., 435;
    • rosary, ii. 372;
    • prayer-mill and prayer-wheel, 372.
  • Prehistoric archæology, i. 55, &c.; ii. 443.
  • Priests consume sacrifices, ii. 379.
  • Prithivi, i. 327, ii. 258, 272.
  • Procopius, voyage of souls to Britain, ii. 64.
  • Progression in culture, i. 14, 32;
    • inventions, 62, &c.;
    • language, 236;
    • arithmetic, 270;
    • philosophy of religion, see Animism.
  • Prometheus, i. 365, ii. 400.
  • Proverbs, i. 84, &c.;
  • Psychology, i. 428.
  • Pupil of eye, related to soul, i. 431.
  • Purgatory, ii. 68, 92;
    • St. Patrick’s, 55.
  • Purification, see Lustration.
  • Puss, i. 178.
  • Pygmies, myths of, i. 385;
    • connected with dolmens, 387;
    • monkeys as, 388.
  • Pythagoras, metempsychosis, ii. 13.
  • Quaternary period, i. 58.
  • Quetelet, on social laws, i. 11.
  • Quinary numeration and notation, i. 261;
    • in Roman numeral letters, 263.
  • Races:—
    • distribution of culture among, i. 49;
    • culture of mixed races, Gauchos, &c., 46, 52;
    • ethnology in eponymic genealogies, 401;
    • moral condition of low races, 26;
    • considered as magicians, 113;
    • as monsters, 380.
  • Rahu and Ketu, eclipse-monsters, i. 379.
  • Rain-god, ii. 254, 259.
  • Rainbow, myths of, i. vii. 293, ii. 239.
  • Ralston, W. R., i. 342, ii. 245, &c.
  • Rangi and Papa, i. 322, ii. 345.
  • Rapping, omens and communications by, i. 144, ii. 221.
  • Rationalization of myths, i. 278.
  • Red Swan, myth of, i. 345.
  • Reduplication, i. 219.
  • Reid, Dr., on ideas, i. 499.
  • Relics, ii. 150.
  • Religion, i. 22, ii. 357, 449;
    • whether any tribes without, i. 417;
    • accounts misleading among low tribes, 419;
    • rudimentary definition of, 424;
    • adoption from foreign religions, future life, ii. 91;
    • ideas and names of deities, 254, 309, 331, 344;
    • dualism, 316, 322;
    • supreme deity, 333;
    • natural religion, i. 427, ii. 103, 356.
  • Resurrection, ii. 5, 18.
  • Retribution-theory of future life, ii. 83;
    • not conception of lower culture, 83.
  • Return and restoration of soul, i. 436.
  • Revival, in culture, i. 136, 141.
  • Revivals, morbid symptoms in religious, ii. 421.
  • Reynard the Fox, i. 412.
  • Riddles, i. 90.
  • Ring, divination by swinging, i. 126.
  • Rising in air, supernatural, i. 149, ii. 415.
  • Rites, religious, ii. 362, &c.
  • River of death, i. 473, 480, ii. 23, 29, 51, 94.
  • River-gods and river-worship, ii. 209.
  • River-spirits, i. 109, ii. 209, 407.
  • Rock, spirit of, ii. 207.
  • Roman mythology and religion:—funeral rites, ii. 42;
  • Roman numeral letters, i. 263.
  • Romulus, patron deity of children, ii. 121;
    • and Remus, i. 281.
  • Rosary, ii. 372.
  • Sabæism, ii. 296.
  • Sacred springs, streams, &c., ii. 209;
  • Sacrifice:—origin and theory of, ii. 375, &c., 207, 269;
    • manner of consumption or reception by deity, 216, 376, &c., see 39;
    • motive of sacrificer, 393, &c.;
    • substitution, 399;
    • survival, i. 76, ii. 214, 228, 406.
  • Saint-Foix, i. 474, ii. 35.
  • Saints, worship of, ii. 120.
  • Samson’s riddle, i. 93.
  • Sanchoniathon, ii. 221.
  • Sand-pillar, myths of, i. 293.
  • Sanskrit roots, i. 197, 224.
  • Savage, man of woods, i. 382.
  • Savage culture as representative of primitive culture:—i. 21, ii. 443;
    • magic, witchcraft, and spiritualism, i. 112, &c.;
    • language, i. 236, ii. 445;
    • numerals, i. 242;
    • myth, 284, 324;
    • doctrine of souls, 499;
    • future life, ii. 102;
    • animistic theory of nature, i. 285, ii. 180, 356;
    • polytheism, 248;
    • dualism, 317;
    • supremacy, 334;
    • rites and ceremonies, 363, 375, 411, 421, 429.
  • Savitar, ii. 292.
  • Scalp, i. 460.
  • Scores, counting by, i. 263.
  • Sea, myths of, ii. 275.
  • Sea-god and sea-worship, ii. 275, 377.
  • Second death, ii. 22.
  • Second sight, i. 143, 447.
  • Semitic race, no savage tribe among, i. 49;
    • antiquity of culture, 54;
    • race-genealogy, 404.
  • Sennaar, i. 395.
  • Serpent emblem of immortality and eternity, ii. 241.
  • Serpent-worship, ii. 8, 239, 310, 347.
  • Sex distinguished by phonetic modification, i. 222.
  • Shadow related to soul, i. 430, 435;
    • shadowless men, 85, 430.
  • Shell-mounds, i. 61.
  • Sheol, ii. 68, 81;
    • gates of, i. 347.
  • Shingles, disease, i. 307.
  • Shoulder-blade, divination by, i. 124.
  • Sieve and shears, oracle by, i. 128.
  • Silver at new moon, ii. 302.
  • Sing-bonga, ii. 291, 350.
  • Skylla and Charybdis, ii. 208.
  • Slaves sacrificed to serve dead, i. 458.
  • Sling, i. 73.
  • Snakes, destroyed in Ireland, &c., i. 372.
  • Sneezing, salutation on, i. 97;
    • connected with spiritual influence, 97.
  • Social rank retained in future life, ii. 22, 84.
  • Sokrates, ii. 137, 294;
    • demon of 202;
    • prayer of, 373.
  • Soma, Haoma, ii. 418.
  • Soul, doctrine of, definition and general course in history, i. 428, 499;
    • cause of life, 428;
    • qualities as conceived by lower races, 428;
    • conception of, related to dreams and visions, i. 429, ii. 24, 410;
    • related to shadow, heart, blood, pupil of eye, breath, i. 430;
    • plurality or division of, 434;
    • exit of, i. 309, 438, &c., 448, ii. 50;
    • restoration of, i. 436, 475;
    • trance, ecstasy, 439;
    • dreams, 440;
    • visions, 445;
    • soul not visible to all, 446;
    • likeness to body, i. 450;
    • mutilated with body, 451;
    • voice, a whisper, chirp, &c., 452;
    • material substance of soul, i. 453, ii. 198;
    • ethereality not immateriality of, in lower culture, i. 456;
    • human souls transmitted by funeral sacrifice to future life, i. 458, ii. 31;
    • souls of animals, i. 467, ii. 41;
    • their future life and transmission by funeral sacrifice, i. 469;
    • souls of plants, trees, &c., i. 474, ii. 10;
    • souls of objects, i. 476, ii. 9, 75, 153, &c.;
    • transmission by funeral sacrifice, i. 481;
    • conveyed or consumed in sacrifice to deities, ii. 216, 389;
    • object-souls related to ideas, i. 497;
    • existence of soul after death of body, i. 428, &c., ii. 1, &c.;
    • transmigration or metempsychosis, ii. 2;
    • new birth in human body, 3;
    • in animal body, plant, inert object, 9, &c.;
    • souls remain on earth among survivors, near dwelling, corpse, or tomb, i. 148, 447, ii. 25, &c., 150;
    • souls called up by necromancer or medium, i. 143, 312, 446, ii. 136, &c.;
    • food set out for, ii. 30, &c.;
    • region of departed souls, ii. 59, &c., 73, 244;
    • future life of, i. 458, &c., ii. 74, &c.;
    • relation of soul to spirit in general, ii. 109;
    • souls pass into demons, patron-spirits, deities, 111, 124, 192, 200, 364, 375;
    • manes-worship, 112, &c.;
    • souls embodied in men, animals, plants, objects, 147, 153, 192, 232;
    • mystic meaning of word soul, 359.
  • Soul of world, ii. 335, &c., 354.
  • Soul-mass cake, ii. 43.
  • Sound-words, i. 231.
  • Speaking machine, i. 170.
  • Spear-thrower, i. 66.
  • Species-deities, ii. 242.
  • Spencer and Gillen, ii. 236.
  • Sphinx, i. 90.
  • Spirit:—course of meaning of word, i. 433, ii. 181, 206, 359;
    • animism, doctrine of spirits, i. 424, ii. 108, 356;
    • doctrine of spirit founded on that of soul, ii. 109;
    • spirits connected and confounded with souls, ii. 109, 363;
    • spirits seen in dreams and visions, i. 306, 440, ii. 154, 189, 194, 411;
    • action of spirits, i. 125, ii. 111, &c.;
    • embodiment of spirits, ii. 123;
    • disease by attack of, 126;
    • oracular inspiration by, 130;
    • whistling, &c., voice of, i. 453, ii. 135;
    • act through fetishes, ii. 143, &c.;
    • through idols, 167;
    • spirits causes of nature, 185, 204, &c., 250;
    • good and evil spirits, 186, 319;
    • spirits swarm in dark, fire drives off, 194;
    • seen by animals, 196;
    • footprints of, i. 455, ii. 197;
    • ethereal-material substance of, ii. 198;
    • exclusion, expulsion, exorcism of, 125, 199;
    • patron, guardian, and familiar spirits, 199;
    • nature-spirits of volcanoes, whirlpools, rocks, &c., 207;
    • water-spirits and deities, 209, 407;
    • tree-spirits and deities, 215;
    • spirits subordinate to great polytheistic deities, 248, &c.;
    • spirits receive prayer, 363;
    • sacrifice, 75;
    • see Animism, &c.
  • Spirit, Great, ii. 256, 324, 339, &c., 354, 365, 395.
  • Spirit-footprints, i. 455, ii. 197.
  • Spiritualism, modern:—
    • its origin in savage culture, i. 141, 155, 426, ii. 25, 39;
    • spirit-rapping, i. 144, ii. 193, 221, 407;
    • spirit-writing, 147;
    • rising in air, 149;
    • supernatural unbinding, 153;
    • moving objects, &c., i. 439, ii. 156, 319, 441;
    • mediums, i. 146, 312, ii. 132, 410;
    • oracular possession, i. 148, ii. 135, 141.
  • Spirit-world, journey or visit to, by soul, i. 439, 481, ii. 44, &c.
  • Spitting, i. 103;
    • lustration with spittle, ii. 439, 441.
  • Standing-stones, objects of worship, ii. 164.
  • Stanley, A. P., ii. 387.
  • Stars, myths of, i. 288, 356;
    • souls of, i. 291.
  • Staunton, William, his visit to Purgatory, ii. 58.
  • Stock-and-stone-worship, ii. 161, &c., 254, 388.
  • Stone, myths of men turned to, i. 353;
  • Stone Age, i. 56, &c.;
    • magic as belonging to, 140;
    • myths of giants and dwarfs as belonging to, 385.
  • Storm, myths of, i. 322;
    • storm-god, i. 323, ii. 266.
  • Strut, i. 62.
  • Substitutes in sacrifice, i. 106, 463, ii. 399, &c.
  • Succubi, see Incubi.
  • Sucking cure, ii. 146.
  • Suicide, body of, staked down, ii. 29, 193.
  • Sun, myths of, i. 288, 319, 335, &c., ii. 48, 66, 323;
    • sunset, myths of, connected with death and future life, i. 335, 345, ii. 48, &c., 311;
    • sun abode of departed souls, ii. 69.
  • Sun-god and sun-worship, i. 99, 288, 353, ii. 263, 285, 323, &c., 376, &c., 408, 422, &c.;
    • sun and moon as good and evil deity, ii. 324, &c.
  • Superlative, triple, i. 265.
  • Superstition, case of survival, i. 16, 72, &c.
  • Supreme deity, ii. 332, 367;
    • heaven-god, &c., as, 255, 337, &c.;
    • sun-god as, 290, 337, &c.;
    • conception of, in manes-worship, 334;
    • as chief of divine hierarchy, 335, &c.;
    • first cause, 335.
  • Survival in culture, i. 16, &c., 70, &c., ii. 403;
    • children’s games, i. 72;
    • games of chance, &c., 78;
    • proverbs, 89;
    • riddles, 91;
    • sneezing-salutation, 98;
    • foundation-sacrifice, 104;
    • not save drowning, 108;
    • magic, witchcraft, &c., 112;
    • spiritualism, 141;
    • numeration, 262, 271;
    • deodand, 287;
    • were-wolves, 313;
    • eclipse-monster, 330;
    • animism, i. 500, ii. 356;
    • funeral sacrifice, i. 463, 474, 492;
    • feasts of dead, ii. 35, 41;
    • possession, 140;
    • fetishism, 159;
    • stone-worship, 168;
    • water-worship, 213;
    • fire-worship, 285;
    • sun-worship, 297;
    • moon-worship, 302;
    • heaven-worship, 353;
    • sacrifice, 406, &c.
  • Susurrus necromanticus, i. 453, ii. 135.
  • Suttee, i. 465.
  • Swedenborg, spiritualism of, i. 144, 450, ii. 18, 204.
  • Symbolic connexion in magic, &c., i. 116, &c., ii. 144;
    • symbolism in religious ceremony, ii. 362, &c.
  • Symplegades, i. 350.
  • Tabor, i. 209.
  • Tacitus, i. 333, ii. 228, 273.
  • Tailed men, i. 383.
  • Tangaroa, Taaroa, ii. 345.
  • Tari Pennu, ii. 271, 349, 368, 404.
  • Taronhiawagon, ii. 256, 309.
  • Tarots, i. 82.
  • Tartarus, ii. 97.
  • Tatar race, culture of, i. 51;
    • race-genealogy of, 404.
  • Tattooing, mythic origin of, i. 393.
  • Taylor, Jeremy, on lots, i. 79.
  • Teeth-defacing, mythic origin of, i. 393.
  • Temple, Jewish, ii. 426.
  • Tertullian, i. 456, ii. 188, 427.
  • Tezcatlipoca, ii. 197, 344, 391.
  • Theodorus, St., church of, ii. 121.
  • Theophrastus, ii. 165.
  • Theresa, St., her visions, ii. 415.
  • Thor, ii. 266.
  • Thought, conveyance of, by vocal tone, i. 166;
    • Epicurean theory of, 497;
    • savage conception of, ii. 311.
  • Thousand and One Nights:
    • —water-spout and sand-pillar, i. 292;
    • Magnetic Mountain, 374;
    • Abdallah of Sea and Abdallah of Land, ii. 106.
  • Thunder-bird, myths of, i. 363, ii. 262;
    • thunder-bolt, ii. 262.
  • Thunder-god, ii. 262, 305, 312, 337, &c.
  • Tien and Tu, ii. 257, 272, 352.
  • Tlaloc, Tlalocan, ii. 61, 274, 309.
  • Tobacco smoked as sacrifice or incense, ii. 287, 343, 383;
    • to cause morbid vision, &c., 417.
  • Torngarsuk, ii. 340.
  • Tortoise, World, i. 364.
  • Totem-ancestors, i. 402, ii. 235;
    • totemism, ii. 235.
  • Traditions, credibility of, i. 275, 280, 370;
    • of early culture, i. 39, 52.
  • Transformation-myths, i. 308, 377, ii. 10, 220.
  • Transmigration of souls, i. 379, 409, 469, 476, ii. 2, &c.;
    • theory of, ii. 16.
  • Trapezus, i. 396.
  • Trees, objects suspended to, ii. 150, 223.
  • Tree-souls, i. 475, ii. 10, 215;
    • tree-spirits, i. 476, ii. 148, 215.
  • Tribe-names, mythic ancestors, i. 398;
    • tribe-deities, ii. 234.
  • Tribes without religion, i. 417.
  • Tuckett, F. F., i. 373.
  • Tumuli, remains of funeral sacrifice in, i. 486.
  • Tupan, ii. 263, 305, 333.
  • Turks, race-genealogy of, i. 403.
  • Turnskins, i. 308, &c.
  • Twin brethren, N. A. dualistic myth, ii. 320, &c.
  • Two paths, allegory of, i. 409.
  • Uiracocha, ii. 338, 366.
  • Ukko, ii. 257, 261, 265.
  • Ulster, mythic etymology of, ii. 65.
  • Unbinding, supernatural, i. 153.
  • Under-world, sun and souls of dead descend to, ii. 66;
  • Unkulunkulu, ii. 116, 313, 347.
  • Vampires, ii. 191.
  • Vapour-bath, narcotic, of Scyths and N. A. Indians, ii. 417.
  • Vasilissa the Beautiful, i. 342.
  • Vatnsdæla Saga, i. 439.
  • Veda, i. 54, 351, 362, 465, ii. 72, 265, 281, 354, 371, 386.
  • Vegetal, sensitive, and rational souls, i. 435.
  • Ventriloquism, i. 453, ii. 132, 182.
  • Vergil, Polydore, ii. 409.
  • Versipelles, i. 308, &c.
  • Vesta, ii. 285.
  • Vigesimal notation, i. 261;
    • survival in French and English, 263.
  • Visions:—
    • mythic fancy in, i. 305;
    • are apparitions of spirits, 143, 445, 478, ii. 194, 410;
    • as evidence of future life, 24, 49;
    • fasting for, 410;
    • use of drugs to cause, 416.
  • Visits to spirit-world, i. 436, 481, ii. 46, &c.
  • Vitruvius, on orientation, ii. 427.
  • Vocal tone, i. 166, &c.
  • Voice of ghosts and other spirits, whisper, twitter, murmur, i. 452, ii. 134.
  • Volcano, mouth of underworld, i. 344, 364, ii. 69;
    • caused by spirits, 207.
  • Vowels, i. 168.
  • Vulcan, ii. 280, 284.
  • Wainamoinen, ii. 46, 93.
  • Waitz, Theodor, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, i. vi.;
  • Walhalla, i. 491, ii. 77, 88.
  • War-god, ii. 306.
  • Warriors, fate of souls of, ii. 87.
  • Wassail, i. 97, 101.
  • Water, spirits not cross, i. 442.
  • Waterfalls and waterspouts, myths, of, i. 292, 294.
  • Water-gods and water-worship, ii. 209, 274, 376, 407.
  • Water-spirits and water-monsters, i. 109, ii. 208, &c.
  • Watling Street, Milky Way, i. 360.
  • Weapons, i. 64, &c.;
    • personal names given to, 303.
  • Wedgwood, Hensleigh, on imitative language, i. 161.
  • Weight of soul, i. 455;
    • of spirit, ii. 198.
  • Well-worship, ii. 209, &c.
  • Werewolves, &c., doctrine of, i. 113, 308, &c., 435, ii. 193.
  • West, mythic conceptions of, as region of night and death, i. 337, 343, ii. 48, 61, 66, 311, &c., 422, &c.;
  • Whately, Archbishop, on origin of culture, i. 38, 41.
  • Wheatstone, Sir C., i. 170.
  • Wheel-lock, i. 15.
  • Whirlpool, spirit of, ii. 207.
  • Widow-sacrifice, i. 458.
  • Wild Hunt, i. 362, ii. 269.
  • Wilson, Daniel, on dual and plural, i. 265.
  • Wind gods, ii. 266.
  • Winds, myths of, i. 360.
  • Witchcraft, i. 116, &c.;
    • origin in savage culture, 138;
    • mediæval revival, 138;
    • iron charm against, 140;
    • ordeal by water, 140;
    • rising in air, 152;
    • doctrine of werewolves, 312;
    • incubi and succubi, ii. 190;
    • witch ointment, 418.
  • Woden, see Odin.
  • Wolf of Night, i. 341.
  • Wong, ii. 176, 205, 348.
  • World pervaded by spirits, ii. 137, 180, 185, 205, 250.
  • Worship as related to belief, i. 427, ii. 362.
  • Wraith or fetch, i. 448, 451.
  • Wright, Thomas, ii. 56, 65.
  • Wuttke, Adolf, i. 456, &c.
  • Xerxes, i. 286, ii. 378.
  • Yama, ii. 54, 314.
  • Yawning, possession, i. 102.
  • Yezidism, ii. 329.
  • Zend-Avesta, i. 116, 351, ii. 98, 293, 328, 438.
  • Zeus, i. 328, 350, ii. 258, &c., 353.
  • Zingani, myth of name, i. 400.
  • Zoroastrism, ii. 20, 98, 282, 319, 328, 354, 374, 400, 438.