Principles of Geology / or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology

INDEX.

A.

• Abich, M., on eruption of Vesuvius in 1834, 378, 380,, 550.
• Abo, 522, 523.
• Acosta cited, 499, 502.
• Adams, Mr., on fossil elephant, 80.
• Adanson on age of the baobab tree, 422.
• Addison on Burnet's theory, 32.
• Adige, embankment of the, 255.
• ——, delta of the, 257.
• Adour, R., new passage formed by, 338.
• Adria, formerly a seaport, 256.
• Adriatic, deposits in, 36, 88, 71, 257, 774.
• Ægean Sea, Prof. E. Forbes dredging in, 649.
• Africa, fossil shells of, mentioned by ancients, 15.
• ——, indigenous quadrupeds of, 82.
• ——, heat radiated by, 94.
• ——, currents on coast of, 292, 342.
• ——, drift sands of deserts, 726.
• ——, devastations of locusts in, 674.
• ——, strata forming off tropical coast of, 774.
• ——, desert of its area, 694.
• Agassiz, M., on fish of coal formation, 136.
• ——, on abrupt transition from one fossil fauna to another, 184.
• ——, on motion, &c., of glaciers, 224, 226.
• Agricola on fossil remains, 21.
• Airthrey, fossil whale found at, 771.
• Alabama, coal plants, 88.
• Alaska, volcanoes in, 352.
• Aldborough, incursions of sea at, 311.
• Alderney, race of, 293.
• Aleutian Isles, eruptions, &c., in, 352, 468.
• Alexandria, temple of Serapis at, 512.
• Algæ, known provinces of, 617.
• Allan, Dr., on coral in Madagascar, 778.
• Alloa, whale cast ashore at, 771.
• Alluvium, imbedding of organic remains in, 780.
• ——, volcanic, 386.
• ——, stalagmite, alternating with, in caves, 736.
• Alps, Saussure on the, 45.
• ——, tertiary rocks of the, 119.
• ——, greatly raised during tertiary epoch, 124.
• ——, signs of lateral pressure in the, 171.
• Altered rocks, 177.
• Amazon, R., land formed by its deposits, 342.
• ——, animals floated down on drift-wood by, 640.
• America, its coast undermined, 331.
• ——, recent strata in lakes of, 254, 768.
• ——, specific distinctness of animals of, 612, 629.
• ——, domesticated animals run wild in, 585, 685.
• ——, N., continuous beds of coal in, 115.
• ——, N., deposit "New red" like English, 158.
• ——, N. and S., mammiferous fauna of, 633.
• Ammonia in lavas, 550.
• Amonoosuck, flood in valley of, 209.
• Ampère, M., on electric currents in the earth, 543.
• Amphitherium, in oolite of Stonesfleld, 138.
• Andes, changes of level in, 762.
• ——, height of perpetual snow on, 112.
• ——, volcanoes of, 346
• ——, sudden upheaval of, 170.
• ——, signs of lateral pressure in, 171.
• Andesite, rock described, 347.
• Angiospermous plants wanting in older rocks, 133.
• Animals, extinction of, 700.
• ——, quantity of food required by large, 82.
• ——, Lamarck on production of new organs in, 568.
• ——, imported into America have ran wild, 585, 685.
• ——, aptitude of some kinds to domestication, 593, 598.
• ——, hereditary instincts of, 593.
• ——, domestic qualities of, 592, 595.
• ——, their acquired habits rarely transmissible, 595, 600.
• ——, changes in brain of fœtus in, 609.
• ——, plants diffused by, 623.
• ——, their geographical distribution, 76, 77.
• ——, migrations of, 685.
• ——, causes which determine the stations of, 669, 676.
• ——, influence of man on their distribution, 682.
• ——, fossil, in peat caves, &c., 722, 725, 730, 732, 749, 752.
• Anio, R., flood of the, 212.
• ——, travertin formed by, 244.
• Anoplotherium, fossil of Isle of Wight, 142.
• Antarctic circle, area still unexplored, 99.
• Antwerp, sunk region near, 327.
• Apennines, their relative age, 119, 124
• Aphides, account of a shower of, 656.
• ——, their multiplication, 673.
• Aqueous causes, supposed former intensity of, 153.
• ——, their action described, 198.
• Aqueous lavas, description of, 374, 385, 728.
• Arabian Gulf filling with coral, 776.
• Arabian writers, 17.
• Arago, M., on influence of forests on climate, 715.
• ——, on solar radiation, 127.
• ——, on level of Mediterranean and Red Sea, 294.
• ——, on formation of ground ice, 221.
• Araucanian tradition of a flood, 499.
• Araucaria, fir in coal, 88.
• Arbroath, houses, &c., swept away by sea at, 302.
• Archiac, M., 257.
• Arctic fauna extended farther south than now, 125.
• Arduino, memoirs of, 41.
• ——, on submarine volcanoes, 41, 71.
• Areas of elevation and subsidence proved by coral islands, 792.
• Aristarchus, 212.
• Aristotle, opinions of, 12.
• ——, on spontaneous generation, 22.
• ——, on deluge of Deucalion, 356.
• Arkansas, R., 264
• ——, floods of, 270.
• Arso, volcanic eruption of, in Ischia, 365.
• Artesian well at Paris, temperature of water, 234.
• ——, well, at Fort William, near Calcutta, 280.
• ——, well in delta of Po, 257.
• Artesian wells near London, 234.
• ——, wells, phenomena brought to light by, 233, 538.
• Arve, sediment transported by the, 258.
• ——, section of débris deposited by, 289.
• Ascension, Island of, bounded by lofty shores, 622.
• ——, fossil eggs of turtle from, 771.
• Ashes, volcanic, transported to great distances, 106, 349, 464.
• Asia, subject to earthquakes, 9.
• ——, coast of, changed, 18.
• ——, causes of extreme cold of part of, 94.
• ——, Minor, gain of land on coast of, 260.
• ——, Western, great cavity in, 692.
• Ass, wild, 638, 686.
• Astruc on Delta of Rhone, 258.
• Atchafalaya, R., 264.
• ——, drift-wood in, 267.
• Atlantic, mean depth of, 104.
• ——, its relative level, 294.
• ——, rise of the tide in, 295.
• ——, absence of coral reefs in, 796.
• Atlantis, submersion of, 9.
• Atolls described, 782, 786.
• ——, theory of, Mr. Maclaren's objections to, 792.
• Atrio del Cavallo, 381.
• Aubenas, fissures filled with breccia near, 741.
• Austen, Mr. R. A. C., on shores of English Channel, 319.
• ——, on new strata formed in, 341.
• Australia, animals of, 139, 143, 684.
• ——, coral reefs of, 776, 784
• ——, land quadrupeds of, 633.
• Auvergne, salt springs in, 248.
• ——, carbonic acid gas disengaged in, 248.
• ——, state of in tertiary period, 122.
• ——, fossils in volcanic ashes of, 349.
• ——, volcanic rocks of, 48.
• ——, tertiary red marl and sandstone of, 158.
• Ava, fossils of, 28.
• Avantipura, in Cashmere, 763.
• Avernus lake, 368.
• Avicenna on cause of mountains, 17.
• Axmouth, great landslip near, 321.
• Azores, icebergs drifted to, 99.
• ——, volcanic line from, to central Asia, 354
• ——, siliceous springs of, 246.

B.

• Babbage, Mr., on the coast near Puzzuoli, 507.
• ——, on Temple of Serapis, 517.
• ——, on expansion of rocks by heat, 562.
• Bachman, Mr., on birds, 643, 644.
• Bacon, Lord, cited, 765.
• Baden, gypseous springs of, 245.
• Baffin's Bay, icebergs in, 96.
• Bagnes, valley of, bursting of a lake in the, 210.
• Baiæ, changes on coast of the bay of, 507.
• ——, ground plan of the coast of, 507.
• ——, sections in bay of, 508, 510.
• Baker, on Caspian, mud volcanoes at, 448.
• Baker, Lieut., on fossil quadrumana, 144.
• Bakewell, Mr., on formation of soils, 709.
• ——, on fall of Mount Grenier, 782.
• Bakewell, Mr. jun., on Falls of Niagara, 217.
• Bakie loch, charæ fossil in, 767.
• Baku, inflammable gas of, 11, 355.
• Balaruc, thermal waters of, 259.
• Baldassari, on Sienese fossils, 39.
• Balize, mouth of Mississippi, 263, 272.
• Baltic Sea, lowering of level of, 520.
• ——, drifting of rocks by ice in, 219, 231.
• ——, currents on its shores, 330.
• Banks of Mississippi higher than alluvial plain, 266.
• Baobab tree, its size, probable age, &c., 422.
• Barbadoes, rain diminished by felling of forests in, 713.
• Barren Island described, 447.
• Barrow, Mr., on a bank formed in sea by locusts, 675.
• Barrow, Mr. jun., on the Geysers of Iceland, 247.
• Barton, Mr., on geography of plants, 612.
• Basalt, opinions of the early writers on, 48, 71.
• Batavia, effects of earthquake at, 502.
• Baton Rouge, in Louisiana, 265.
• Bay of Bengal, its depth, recent deposits in, &c., 279.
• Bayfield, Capt., on geology of Lake Superior, 254.
• ——, on drifting of rock by ice, 221, 230.
• ——, on bursting of a peninsula by Lake Erie, 333.
• ——, on earthquakes in Canada, 470.
• Beaches, raised, 184.
• Beachey Head, 317.
• Bears, once numerous in Wales, 683.
• ——, black, migrations of, 637.
• ——, drifted on ice, 679.
• Beaufort, Sir F., on gain of land in Asia Minor, 260.
• ——, on rise of tides, 291.
• Beaumont, M. Elie de, geological map of France, 122.
• ——, on pentagonal network of mountain chains, 170.
• ——, his theory of contemporaneous origin of parallel mountain chains considered, 163.
• ——, on structure and origin of Etna, 400, 416.
• ——, on sand-dunes, 307.
• ——, on inroads of sea in Holland, 327.
• Beaver once inhabited Scotland and Wales, 683.
• ——, fossil in Perthshire, 752.
• ——, lake formed by, in New Brunswick, 716.
• Beche, Sir H. de la. See De la Beche.
• Bee, migrations of the, 655.
• Beechey, Capt., upheaval of Bay of Conception, 500.
• ——, on drifting of canoes, 662.
• ——, on temple of Ipsambul, 727.
• ——, on coral islands, 780, 782, 787.
• ——, on changes of level in Pacific, 788.
• ——, on dead coral in Elizabeth Island, 794.
• Beila, in India, mud volcanoes, 449.
• Belcher, Sir E., on upheaval of Conception, 500.
• ——, on strata forming off coast of Africa, 774.
• Bell, Mr., on the Dog, 585.
• Bell rock, stones thrown up by storms on, 302.
• Belzoni, on temple of Ipsambul, 726.
• ——, on a flood of the Nile, 753.
• Benin, currents in Bay of, 292.
• Bérard, M., on depth and temperature of Mediterranean, 296, 336.
• Berkeley, on recent origin of man, 764.
• Bermudas, only coral reef far out in Atlantic, 796.
• ——, coral reefs of the, 776, 778.
• Bewick cited, 310, 643, 683.
• Bhooj, in Cutch, destroyed by earthquake, 459.
• ——, volcanic eruption at, 460, 729.
• Bies Bosch formed, 328.
• Bigsby, Dr., on North American lakes, 768.
• Birds, diffusion of plants by, 624.
• ——, geographical distribution of, 642, 663.
• ——, fossils in secondary rocks, 137.
• ——, tameness of, in uninhabited Islands, 597.
• ——, rate of flight of, 644.
• ——, migrations of, 643.
• ——, recent extermination of some species of, 683.
• ——, bones of, in Gibraltar breccia, 741.
• ——, rarity of their remains in new strata, 748.
• ——, rare in deposits of all ages, 137.
• Bischoff, Professor, on volcanoes, 551.
• ——, on carbonic acid in extinct craters on Rhine, 248.
• Biscoe, Capt., discoveries in south Polar Seas, 99.
• Bison, fossil, in Yorkshire, 76.
• Bisons, in Mississippi valley, 636.
• Bistineau lake, 269.
• Bitumen, oozing from bottom of sea, near Trinidad, 250.
• Bituminous springs, 250.
• Black Sea, salt by evaporation in, 335.
• ——. See Euxine.
• Blue mountains in Jamaica, 505.
• Bluffs of Mississippi described, 264.
• Boa constrictor, migration of, 646.
• Boase, Mr., on inroads of sea in Cornwall, 323.
• ——, on drift-sand in Cornwall, 728.
• Boblaye, M., on ceramique, in Morea, 731.
• ——, on engulfed rivers and caves in Morea, 734.
• ——, on earthquakes in Greece, 736.
• Bog iron-ore, whence derived, 722.
• Bogota, earthquake of, 457.
• Bonpland, on plants common to Old and New World, 614.
• Bore, a tidal wave frequent in Bristol Channel and Ganges, 332.
• Bory de St. Vincent, M., on isle of Santorin, 445.
• Bosphorus, 334.
• ——, traditions of deluges on shores of the, 356.
• Botanical evidence bearing on theory of progressive development, 133.
• ——, geography, 613.
• ——, provinces, their number, 616, 666, 668.
• Bothnia, Gulf, gradual elevation of coast of, 520.
• Bourbon, island, volcanic, 546.
• Bournmouth, submarine forest at, 746.
• Boussingault. M., on volcanoes in Andes, 348.
• ——, on gases evolved by volcanoes, 549.
• Bowen, Lieut., on drifting of rocks by ice, 220, 230.
• Boyle, on bottom of the sea, 26.
• Bracini, on Vesuvius before 1631, 374.
• Brahmapootra, delta of, 275, 278.
• Brahmins, their doctrines, 4.
• Brander, on fossils of Hampshire, 46.
• Brandt, Professor, cited, 80.
• ——, on Wilui rhinoceros, 80.
• Bravais, M., on upraised sea-coast in Finmark, 530.
• Breccias, in Val del Bove, 411.
• ——, in caves now forming in the Morea, 734.
• Brenta, delta of the, 256.
• Brieslak, on temple of Serapis, 517.
• ——, on Vesuvius, 381, 384.
• Briggs, Mr., his discovery of water in African desert, 235.
• Brighton, waste of cliffs of, 317.
• Brine springs, 247.
• Bristol Channel, currents in, 293.
• Brittany, village, buried under blown sand, 727.
• ——, marine tertiary strata of, 122.
• ——, waste of coast of, 324.
• Brocchi, on fossil conchology, 20.
• ——, on Burnet's theory, 34.
• ——, on delta of Po, 257.
• ——, on extinction of species, 668.
• ——, on the Subapennines, 118.
• Broderip, Mr., on opossum of Stonesfield, 139.
• ——, on shells from Conception Bay, 500.
• ——, on bulimi revived, 650.
• ——, on moulting of crabs, 653.
• ——, on naturalization of a foreign landshell, 664.
• ——, on the Dodo, 684.
• Brongniart, M. Adolphe, 87.
• ——, on fossil plants of coal, 88, 117, 133.
• ——, on plants in islands, 112.
• Brongniart, M. Alex., on modern lava streams, 427.
• ——, on elevated beaches in Sweden, 527.
• Brown, Mr. R., on structure of vessels in myzodendron, 88.
• ——, on plants common to Africa, Guiana, and
• Brazil, 621.
• ——, on wheat in Egyptian tombs, 587.
• Buch. See Von Buch.
• Buckland, Rev. Dr., on landslip near Axmouth, 321.
• ——, on fossil elephants, &c., in India, 7.
• ——, on fossils from Eschscholtz's Bay, 82.
• ——, on fossils in caves and fissures, 739, 740.
• ——, on Val del Bove, 402.
• Buffon, his theory of the earth, 39.
• ——, reproved by the Sorbonne, 39.
• ——, on geographical distribution of animals, 590, 612, 629.
• ——, on extinction of species, 701.
• Buist, Mr., on submarine forests in the estuary of Tay, 303.
• ——, on mud volcanoes in India, 448.
• Bunbury, Mr., on coal plants of Alabama, 88.
• ——, on ferns in carboniferous era, 87.
• Bunsen, Chevalier, on Ancient Egypt, 659.
• Bunsen, Professor, on Geysers of Iceland, 558.
• ——, on mineral springs in Iceland, 246.
• ——, on mud volcanoes of Iceland, 447.
• ——, on solfataras of Iceland, 551.
• Bunter Sandstein, fossils of, 193.
• Bura, submerged Grecian town, 15, 762.
• Buried cones on Etna, section of, 397.
• ——, temples of Cashmere, 762.
• Burnes, Sir A., on Cutch, earthquake of, 461, 464.
• Burnet, his theory of the earth, 31.
• Burntisland, whale cast ashore near, 771.
• Burrampooter, R., delta of the, 275. See Brahmapootra.
• ——, bodies of men, deer, &c. floated off by, 751.
• Bustards recently extirpated in England, 688.