U.
- Uddevalla, upraised deposits at, 184, 527
- Uliah Bund, formation of the, 462.
- Ulloa cited, 501, 502, 685.
- Unconformable strata, inferences derived from, 187.
- Uniformity of laws of nature, 71, 149, 373.
- ——, of system of past changes in animate and inanimate world, 181.
- Universal formations, theory of, 49, 154.
- Universal ocean, theory of, 26, 34.
- ——, disproved by organic remains, 191.
- Upsala, strata near, 528.
V.
- Val d'Arno, Upper, effect of destruction of forests in, 712.
- Val del Bove on Etna described, 403.
- ——, form, composition, and origin of dikes in, 406.
- ——, lavas and breccias of the, 411.
- ——, origin of the, 413.
- ——, floods in, 411.
- Val di Calanna, 405, 407, 410.
- Val di Noto, Dolomieu on the, 49.
- Valdivia, earthquake at, 453.
- Valenciennes, M., on fish not crossing the Atlantic, 647.
- Valley, newly formed in Georgia, U. S., 205.
- Valleys, Targioni on origin of, 40.
- ——, excavation of, in Central France, 213.
- ——, of elevation, section of, 420.
- ——, on Etna, account of, 404.
- ——, the excavation of, assisted by earthquakes, 484.
- Vallisneri on the origin of springs, 33.
- ——, on marine deposits of Italy, 34.
- ——, cited, 34, 35, 52.
- Valparaiso, changes caused by earthquakes at, 457, 517, 761.
- Van Dieman's Land, climate of, 97.
- Vedas, sacred hymns of, 4.
- Vegetable soil, why it does not increase, 709.
- ——, how formed, 710.
- Vegetation, luxuriant, not required to support
- large animals, 82.
- ——, centres of, 703.
- ——, its conservative influence, 710, 711.
- ——, its influence on climate, 713.
- Veins, mineral, on their formation, 484.
- ——, of lava. See Dikes.
- Verneuil, M. de, on lowland of Siberia, 84.
- Verona, fossils of, 20, 22, 34.
- ——, Arduino on mountains of, 41.
- Verstegan, on separation of England from France, 315, 642.
- Vertebrated animals in oldest strata, 135.
- Vessels, fossil. See Ships.
- Vesta, temple of, 212.
- Vesuvius, excavation of tuff on, 213.
- ——, history of, 263, 374.
- ——, eruptions of, 364, 374.
- ——, dikes of, 379.
- ——, lava of, 384.
- ——, structure and origin of the cone of, 383.
- ——, and Somma, probable section of, 381.
- ——, volcanic alluvium on, 728.
- Vicentin, Dolomieu on the, 49.
- ——, submarine lavas of the, 71.
- Victoria land, skirted by ice, 99.
- Vidal, Capt., on Rockhall bank, 773.
- Villages buried by landslips, 732.
- Virlet, M., on Samothracian deluge, 356.
- ——, on volcanoes of Greece, 355.
- ——, on Santorin, 443, 445, 446.
- ——, on corrosion of rocks by gases, 733.
- ——, on human bones imbedded in Morea, 735.
- Vivarais, basalts of the, 48.
- Volcanic action, defined, 345.
- ——, power adequate to effect lateral pressure, 172.
- ——, lines, 169, 352.
- ——, craters in Galapagos with southern side lowest, 783.
- ——, action, uniformity of, 162, 711.
- ——, cones, truncation of, 352, 493.
- ——, their perfect state no proof of relative age, 712.
- ——, conglomerates, 438.
- ——, dikes. See Dikes.
- ——, eruptions, causes of, 542.
- ——, average number of, per annum, 450.
- ——, formations, fossils in, 349, 728.
- ——, products, mineral composition of, 449.
- ——, regions, their geographical boundaries, 346.
- ——, map showing extent of, 351.
- ——, rocks, subterranean, 178, 450.
- ——, of all geological periods, 160.
- Volcanoes, safety-valves according to Strabo, 15.
- ——, remarks on their position, 346, 355.
- ——, and earthquakes, effects of same causes, 345.
- ——, agency of water in, 545.
- ——, mode of computing the age of, 420.
- ——, sometimes inactive for centuries, 346, 421.
- ——, of Sandwich Islands, 354, 372, 548, 383, 429.
- ——, chemical theory of, 546.
- ——, mud, 447.
- ——, "no safety-valves," Dana on, 553.
- Voltaire on systems of geology, 54.
- Volterra, Mattani, on fossils of, 34.
- Von Baer, Prof., on frozen soil of Siberia, 84.
- ——, on ice-drifted rocks, 231.
- Von Buch on rise of land in Sweden, 523, 526.
- ——, on volcanic lines, 352.
- ——, on volcanoes of Greece, 355.
- ——, on formation of Monte Nuovo, 369.
- ——, on Vesuvius and Somma, 367, 380, 382, 384
- ——, on eruption in Lancerote, 436.
- ——, on glaciers, 228.
- ——, on new islands, 468.
- ——, on volcanic regions, 346.
- Von Hoff. See Hoff.
- Vulcanists and Neptunists, factions of, 50, 55.
- Vultur, Mount, 356.
- Vultures, range of, 643.
W.
- Wallerius, theory of, 45.
- Wallich, Dr., on Ava fossils, 28.
- ——, on wood in peat near Calcutta, 280.
- Warping, land gained by, 288, 339.
- Water, action of running, 204.
- ——, its power on freezing, 204
- ——, excavating power of, 204
- ——, transporting power of, 204
- ——, sorting power of, 286.
- ——, agency of, in volcanoes, 548.
- Waterhouse, Mr., of British Museum, on provinces of indigenous land quadrupeds, 631.
- Wealden strata, fossils of, 117, 137, 140.
- Webster, Dr., of Nova Scotia, on rain-prints, 202.
- Wells, artesian, 233.
- Wener, Lake, strata near, 527.
- Werner, Professor of Mineralogy at Freyberg, 1775, 46.
- ——, his lecture, 47.
- ——, on granite of the Hartz, 47.
- ——, principal merit of his system, 48.
- ——, technical terms of, 58.
- ——, on transition rocks, 176.
- West Indian land quadrupeds, 634
- West Indies, earthquakes in, 29, 350, 505.
- ——, active volcanoes in, 350.
- Whales stranded, 771.
- Whewell, Rev. Dr., on modern progress of geology, 59.
- ——, on the tides, 332.
- Whirlwinds, violent, during eruption in Sumbawa, 465.
- Whirlwind, dispersion of seeds by, 619.
- Whiston, his theory of the earth, 32.
- White Mountains, landslips in the, 209.
- Whitehurst, theory of, 1778, 45.
- ——, on subsidence at Lisbon, 495.
- Wildenow on diffusion of plants by man, 626.
- ——, on centres of vegetable creation, 703.
- Wilkinson, Sir J. G., on deposits of Nile, 262.
- ——, on sand drift in Egypt, 726.
- Wilson, Prof., on cosmogony of Vedas, 4.
- Winds, trade, 106, 295.
- ——, currents caused by the, 293.
- ——, sand drifted by the, 307, 726.
- Wolf, and dog, distinct species, 585.
- ——, hybrids between the, 601.
- ——, drifted to sea on ice, 640.
- ——, extirpated in Great Britain, 683.
- Wollaston, Dr., on water of Mediterranean, 334.
- Wood, Mr. S., on fossil quadrumana, 144.
- Wood impregnated with salt water when sunk to great depths, 743.
- ——, drift, 90, 268, 640, 743.
- ——, converted into lignite, 759.
- Woodward, theory of, 31, 84, 54, 66.
- Wrecks, number of, annually, 754, 755.
X.
- Xanthus, the Lydian, his theory, 14.
Y.
- Yak, wild ox of Thibet, frozen in ice, 85.
- Yakutzt, frozen soil of, 84.
- Yaou, flood of, 7.
- Yarmouth, estuary silted up at, 307.
- ——, rise of the tide at, 291, 307.
- Yenesei, R., fossils on banks of, 79.
- Yorkshire, bones of mammoth in, 76.
- ——, waste of its coasts, 303.
- Young, Dr., on effects of compression at earth's centre, 536.
Z.
- Zante, earthquakes in island of, 474
- Zealand, New, number of ferns, 116.
- ——, resemblance of plants with ancient carboniferous flora, 116.
- ——, length and breadth of, 116.
- Zeuglodon, eocene cetacea, 145.
- Zoological provinces how formed, 666.
- ——, why not more blended together, 668.
- Zoophytes, their geographical distribution, 651.
- ——, their powers of diffusion, 654
- ——, abundance of, 706.
- ——, which form coral reefs, 776.
- Zuyder Zee, formation, 328.
- ——, great mosses on the site of, 327.
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