APPENDIX B
Additional Exercises in Argumentation
1. Find in a magazine or newspaper some article in which conviction is the prime factor.
2. Find in a magazine or newspaper some article in which persuasion is most used.
3. Give examples from recent observation of discussions which were not argument as the term is used in this book.
4. Explain how arguments upon a topic of current interest would differ in material and treatment for three kinds of audiences.
5. The education of the American negro should be industrial not cultural.
6. To the Cabinet of the United States there should be added a Secretary of Education with powers to control all public education.
7. Separate high schools for boys and girls should be maintained.
8. It is better to attend a small college than a large one.
9. Women should be eligible to serve as members of the school board.
10. Pupils should be marked by a numerical average rather than by a group letter.
11. At least two years of Latin should be required for entrance to college.
12. The honor system should be introduced in all examinations in high schools and colleges.
13. The study of algebra should be compulsory in high school.
14. Courses in current topics, based upon material in newspapers, should be offered in all high schools.
15. Every high school should require the study of local civics or local industries.
16. Regular gymnastic work is more beneficial than participation in organized athletics.
17. Girls should study domestic science.
18. The kindergarten should be removed from our educational system.
19. Coeducation in schools and colleges is better than segregation.
20. Secret societies should be prohibited in high schools.
21. A magazine or newspaper which copies material from one in which it first appears should be required by law to compensate the author.
22. Moving picture exhibitions should be more strictly regulated.
23. An exposition produces decided advantages for the city in which it is held.
24. A county fair is a decided benefit to a rural community.
25. All young men in this country should receive military training for a period of one year.
26. This city should provide employment for the unemployed.
27. Motor delivery trucks should be substituted for horse-drawn wagons.
28. Labor unions are justified in insisting upon the re-employment of members discharged for a cause which they deem unjust.
29. Farmers should study scientific agriculture.
30. Capital and labor should be required by law to settle their disputes by appeals to a legally constituted court of arbitration whose decisions should be enforced.
31. In time of peace no member of a labor union should be a member of a regularly organized military force.
32. Overtime work should be paid for at the same rate as regular work.
33. All work should be paid for according to the amount done rather than by time.
34. Employers are justified in insisting upon the "open shop."
35. Trade unions are justified in limiting the number of persons allowed to enter a trade.
36. This state should establish a minimum working wage for women.
37. The street railway company should pave and keep in repair all streets in which its cars are operated.
38. More definite laws concerning the sale of milk should be passed.
39. This city should institute government by a commission.
40. This city should institute and maintain an adequate system of public playgrounds.
41. This city should provide more free recreations for its citizens.
42. City government should be conducted by a highly paid municipal expert hired for the purpose of controlling city affairs exactly as he would a large business organization.
43. A public building for community interests is a better memorial for a city to erect than the usual monument or statue.
44. Voting machines should be used in all cities.
45. All public utilities should be owned and operated by the city.
46. Judges should not be elected by popular vote.
47. A representative should vote according to the opinions of his constituency.
48. This state should provide old-age pensions.
49. Laws should be passed making it impossible to dispose of more than one million dollars by will.
50. The pure food law should be strictly enforced.
51. Every state should have a state university in which tuition for its inhabitants should be absolutely free.
52. The Governor of a state should not have the pardoning power.
53. No children below the age of sixteen should be allowed to work in factories.
54. Laws concerning the sale of substitutes for butter should be made more stringent.
55. Sunday closing laws should be repealed.
56. The railroads of the United States should be allowed to pool their interests.
57. The present method of amending the Constitution of the United States should be changed.
58. This government should insist upon a strict adherence to the Monroe Doctrine.
59. The American Indian has been unjustly treated.
60. Railroads should be under private ownership but subject to government control.
61. An educational test should be required of all persons desiring to enter this country.
62. The United States should own and control the coal mines of the country.
63. Members of the House of Representatives should be chosen to represent industries, workers, and professions, rather than geographical divisions.
64. Woman suffrage carries with it the right to hold office except where expressly forbidden in existing laws and constitutions.
65. Instead of an extension of suffrage to all women there should be a restriction from the previous inclusion of all men.
66. All raw materials should be admitted to this country free of duty.
67. All departments of the government should be under the Civil Service Act.
68. The Civil War pension policy was a wise one.
69. The United States should build and maintain a large navy.
70. A high protective tariff keeps wages high.
71. Letter postage should be reduced to one cent.
72. Laws governing marriage and divorce should be made uniform by Congress.
73. The present restriction upon Chinese immigration should be modified to admit certain classes.
74. The standing army of the United States should be increased.
75. This government should establish a system of shipping subsidies.
76. Repeated failure to vote should result in the loss of the right of suffrage.
77. The United States should not enter into any league of nations.
78. The defeated central powers of Europe should be admitted to full membership in the League of Nations.
79. Japan should be prevented from owning or controlling any territory upon the continent which belonged to China.
80. Great Britain should establish Egypt as an independent country.
81. Ireland should be organized as a Dominion similar to Canada and Australia.
82. The United States should establish a protectorate over Mexico.
83. This country should demand from Germany an indemnity equal to our expenses in the war.
84. The former Kaiser of Germany and his state officials responsible for the World War of 1914 should be tried by an international court.
85. All European nations should agree to disarmament.
86. Foreign missions should be discontinued.
87. The Jews of the world should colonize Palestine.
88. Commercial reciprocity should be established between the United States and South America.
89. This country has no need to fear any aggression from any Asiatic race.
90. The government system of Great Britain is more truly representative than that of the United States.
91. A railroad should pay ten thousand dollars to the family of any employee who meets death by accident while on duty.
92. There is no such thing possible as "Christian warfare."
93. Vivisection should be prohibited.
94. The dead should be cremated.
95. Cigarettes should not be sold to boys under eighteen.
96. Children under fourteen should not be allowed to appear upon the stage.
97. Socialism is the best possible solution of all labor problems.
98. The Soviet system of government has details applicable to certain conditions in America.
99. No person should be forced to undergo vaccination.
100. Labor interests can be served best by the formation of a separate political party.
INDEX
- Abbott, Lyman, 118
- Abolition Movement, The, 185
- acceptance, speech of, 284
- acquired ability, 6
- acting, 291
- after-dinner speech, 281
- Allen, John, 116
- amplified definition, 203
- amplifying and diminishing, 255
- analogy, 233
- analogy, incorrect, 252
- analysis, 244
- Anglo-Saxon, 51
- anticipatory conclusion, 102, 105
- Antony, Mark, 81
- antonyms, 48
- a posteriori argument, 237
- appealing to prejudice or passions, 247
- appropriate diction, 54
- a priori argument, 236
- argumentation, 218
- argumentum ad hominem, 249
- argumentum ad populum, 247
- Aristotle, 97
- arrangement, 151, 164
- assigning rôles, 312
- attacking speaker's character, 249
- attributes of speaker, 29
- audience in debate, 262
- authorities, 180, 232
- Bacon, 5
- Beecher, Henry Ward, 82, 83, 162
- begging the question, 245
- Birrell, Augustine, 114
- brief, 28, 170
- brief, making a, 187
- brief, speaking from the, 191
- briefing, selections for, 180
- Bright, John, 29
- burden of proof, 225
- Burke, Edmund, 23, 65, 66, 80, 116, 162, 167, 172, 255
- business, 322
- Calhoun, John C., 66, 108, 206
- capital punishment, brief, 173
- cards, 134-5
- casting a play, 320
- causal relation, 237
- cause to effect, 209, 236
- Channing, William Ellery, 249
- character delineation, 292
- characters, description of, 307
- characters in plays, 303
- Chatham, Lord, 111
- Cheyney, Edward P., 204
- Choate, Rufus, 63
- choosing a theme, 281
- Cicero, 77
- circumstantial evidence, 226
- classification, 199
- Clay, Henry, 249
- climax, 301
- coherence, 154
- commemorative speech, 283
- comparison, 208
- complex sentence, 59
- composition of the English language, 50
- compound sentence, 60
- conclusion, length, 99
- consonants, 17
- constructive argument, 256
- contradiction, 244
- contrast, 208
- conversations, memorized, 300
- conviction, 220
- Crabbe, English Synonyms, 48
- cross references, 137
- Curtis, George William, 52, 54, 67, 120, 253
- Daniel, John W., 119
- debaters, 262
- debating, 258
- decision in debate, 260
- deductive reasoning, 229
- definition, 201
- delineation of character, 292
- delivery, 26
- delivery of introductions, 89
- Demosthenes, 8
- description of characters, 307
- Dewey, M., 139
- dialogue, 294
- differentia, 201
- diminishing, amplifying and, 255
- direct evidence, 226
- discarding material, 146
- division, 199
- dramatics, 291
- drawbacks, 8
- dress rehearsal, 323
- Dunsany, Lord, 298
- Effect to cause, 210, 237
- elimination, 236
- eloquence, false, 284
- Elson, H.W., 131
- emphasis, 22, 155
- enthymeme, 231
- enunciation, 23
- Evarts, William M., 118
- Everett, Edward, 67
- evidence, 226
- examples, 206, 232
- exclamatory sentence, 60
- explaining, 194
- explanation, 232
- exposition, 194
- experience, 122
- Fallacies, 251
- false eloquence, 284
- Fernald, English Synonyms, Antonyms, and Prepositions, 48
- finding the issues, 267
- Ford, Simeon, 114
- Fox, Charles James, 9
- Fox, John, 23
- Franklin, Benjamin, 77
- Hale, Edward Everett, 118
- Hamlet's advice to players, 31
- hasty generalization, 228
- Hayne, 162
- Henry, Patrick, 64, 84, 85, 112
- Homer, 298
- Howell, Clark, 119
- Huxley, Thomas H., 150
- Ideas and words, 38
- ignoring the question, 246
- importance, 212
- importance of speech, 1
- improvisation, 294
- inaugural speech, 285
- Incidents of Government Trading, 181
- incorrect analogy, 252
- increasing the vocabulary, 39
- index, 130
- inductive reasoning, 228
- interrogative sentence, 61
- interview, 125
- introduction, length, 72
- introduction, purpose, 73
- introduction and audience, 76
- invention and speech, 3
- issues, 267
- Language, 12, 197
- League of Nations, 269
- legal brief, 170
- length of speech, 143
- library, 136
- library classification, 138
- Lincoln, Abraham, 9, 30, 57, 65, 100, 103, 117, 148, 172, 183, 255
- list of short plays, 314
- long sentences, 61
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, 76, 135
- logical definition, 201
- Lowell, Abbott Lawrence, 136
- Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 52, 68, 160, 208, 233, 246, 268
- making a brief, 187
- manner in debate, 277
- margins, 175
- material of speeches, 121
- McCumber, P.J., 268
- memorized conversations, 300
- memorizing, 28, 191
- methods of explaining, 198
- military leadership, 5
- Panama Canal, 110
- particulars of general statement, 205
- partition, 199
- Penn, William, 258
- periodicals, 139
- peroration, 109
- persuading, 218
- persuasion, 237
- persuasive speech, 288
- Phillips, Wendell, 185
- phrasing, 22
- pitch, 21
- place, 211
- plan, 156
- plays, characters in, 303
- plays, producing, 315
- plays, short, 313
- plays, studying, 310
- poise, 25
- pose, 25
- Power Plant Engineering, 187
- prefixes, 41
- preparation for debate, 266
- preparing introductions, 89
- preparing the conclusion, 95
- presentation and acceptance, speeches of, 284
- presiding officer, 261
- presiding officers, 279
- producing plays, 315
- pronunciation, 24
- proof, 232
- proposition, 221, 265
- propositions of fact, 223
- propositions of policy, 223
- proving, 218
- Reading, 128
- reading the speech, 27
- rebuttal, restrictions, 276
- rebuttal speeches, 266
- recapitulation, 106
- reducing to absurdity, 258
- reductio ad absurdum, 253
- refuting, 242, 251
- rehearsing, 321
- residues, 234
- results of training, 10
- retrospective conclusion, 101, 105
- Roget's Thesaurus, 43
- rôles, assigning, 312
- Romance, 51
- Roosevelt, Theodore, 69, 100, 101, 104, 109, 114
- Sanitation, 70
- scenery, 316
- scholastic debating, 265
- selecting material, 130
- selections for briefing, 180
- self-criticism, 192
- sentences, 58
- Shakespeare, 304
- short plays, 313
- short sentences, 61
- Sidney, Sir Phillip, 90
- simple sentence, 58
- sincerity, 292
- singing, 18
- speakers in debate, 272
- speaking from the brief, 191
- speaking from the floor, 70
- special occasions, speaking upon, 278
- specific terms, 52
- specimen brief, capital punishment, 173
- speech in modern life, 2
- speed, 20
- stage, 316
- statistics, 187
- studying plays, 310
- suffixes, 43
- summary, 107
- Sumner, Charles, 148, 160, 234
- support of a measure, 288
- syllogism, 229
- symbols, 176
- synonyms, 46